AI Agents papers, 2023–2026

Key findings

• AI Agents went from 170 papers in 2023 to 1,983 in 2026, roughly 12x in three years.
• NeurIPS publishes the most AI Agents work: 1,317 papers from 2023 to 2026, 40% of the four-venue total.
• The fastest-growing overlap is with LLM Benchmarks: papers tagged with both rose from 1 in 2023 to 116 in 2026.
• Among the 4 topics under Trending Systems, it ranks #2 by 2026 paper count; the fastest grower in the group, World Models, is up 11x versus 12x here.

Representative papers

Spread across years and venues so every edition shows up

• NeurIPS 2026$\boldsymbol{f}$-OPD: Stabilizing Long-Horizon On-Policy Distillation with Freshness-Aware Control
• ICML 2026$\tau$-Knowledge: Evaluating Conversational Agents over Unstructured Knowledge
• ICLR 2026A Benchmark for Deep Information Synthesis
• CVPR 20263D-VCD Hallucination Mitigation in 3D-LLM Embodied Agents through Visual Contrastive
• NeurIPS 20254KAgent: Agentic Any Image to 4K Super-Resolution
• ICML 2025A Unified Approach to Routing and Cascading for LLMs
• ICLR 2025A Generalist Hanabi Agent
• CVPR 2025Collaborative Tree Search for Enhancing Embodied Multi-Agent Collaboration
• NeurIPS 2024AdaSociety: An Adaptive Environment with Social Structures for Multi-Agent Decision-Making
• ICML 2024A Human-Inspired Reading Agent with Gist Memory of Very Long Contexts
• ICLR 2024A Real-World WebAgent with Planning, Long Context Understanding, and Program Synthesis
• CVPR 2024Density-Adaptive Model Based on Motif Matrix for Multi-Agent Trajectory Prediction
• NeurIPS 2023AdaPlanner: Adaptive Planning from Feedback with Language Models
• ICML 2023A Game-Theoretic Framework for Managing Risk in Multi-Agent Systems
• ICLR 2023Achieving Near-Optimal Individual Regret & Low Communications in Multi-Agent Bandits
• CVPR 2023Behavioral Analysis of Vision-and-Language Navigation Agents
• NeurIPS 20262-Step Agent: How a Bayesian Decision Maker Learns from AI-Decision Support
• ICML 2026$\tau$-Voice: Benchmarking Full-Duplex Voice Agents on Real-World Domains
• ICLR 2026A Framework for Studying AI Agent Behavior: Evidence from Consumer Choice Experiments
• CVPR 2026A Multi-Agent Perception-Action Alliance for Efficient Long Video Reasoning

All AI Agents papers

73 papers, page 1 of 2

1. ICLR 2024A Black-box Approach for Non-stationary Multi-agent Reinforcement Learning
2. ICLR 2024A Real-World WebAgent with Planning, Long Context Understanding, and Program Synthesis
3. ICLR 2024Achieving Fairness in Multi-Agent MDP Using Reinforcement Learning
4. ICLR 2024AgentBench: Evaluating LLMs as Agents
5. ICLR 2024AgentVerse: Facilitating Multi-Agent Collaboration and Exploring Emergent Behaviors
6. ICLR 2024An LLM can Fool Itself: A Prompt-Based Adversarial Attack
7. ICLR 2024Attention-Guided Contrastive Role Representations for Multi-agent Reinforcement Learning
8. ICLR 2024Building Cooperative Embodied Agents Modularly with Large Language Models
9. ICLR 2024Byzantine Robust Cooperative Multi-Agent Reinforcement Learning as a Bayesian Game
10. ICLR 2024Can LLM-Generated Misinformation Be Detected?
11. ICLR 2024Causal Modelling Agents: Causal Graph Discovery through Synergising Metadata- and Data-driven Reasoning
12. ICLR 2024Chain-of-Experts: When LLMs Meet Complex Operations Research Problems
13. ICLR 2024ChatEval: Towards Better LLM-based Evaluators through Multi-Agent Debate
14. ICLR 2024CivRealm: A Learning and Reasoning Odyssey in Civilization for Decision-Making Agents
15. ICLR 2024Copula Conformal prediction for multi-step time series prediction
16. ICLR 2024Designing Skill-Compatible AI: Methodologies and Frameworks in Chess
17. ICLR 2024DSPy: Compiling Declarative Language Model Calls into State-of-the-Art Pipelines
18. ICLR 2024Efficient Episodic Memory Utilization of Cooperative Multi-Agent Reinforcement Learning
19. ICLR 2024Efficient Multi-agent Reinforcement Learning by Planning
20. ICLR 2024Enhancing Human-AI Collaboration Through Logic-Guided Reasoning
21. ICLR 2024Evaluating Language Model Agency Through Negotiations
22. ICLR 2024Expected flow networks in stochastic environments and two-player zero-sum games
23. ICLR 2024GROOT: Learning to Follow Instructions by Watching Gameplay Videos
24. ICLR 2024Identifying the Risks of LM Agents with an LM-Emulated Sandbox
25. ICLR 2024L2MAC: Large Language Model Automatic Computer for Extensive Code Generation
26. ICLR 2024Large Language Models as Tool Makers
27. ICLR 2024Learning Decentralized Partially Observable Mean Field Control for Artificial Collective Behavior
28. ICLR 2024Learning Mean Field Games on Sparse Graphs: A Hybrid Graphex Approach
29. ICLR 2024Learning Multi-Agent Communication from Graph Modeling Perspective
30. ICLR 2024Learning Multi-Agent Communication with Contrastive Learning
31. ICLR 2024Learning Nash Equilibria in Rank-1 Games
32. ICLR 2024Learning Optimal Contracts: How to Exploit Small Action Spaces
33. ICLR 2024Learning to Jointly Understand Visual and Tactile Signals
34. ICLR 2024Lemur: Harmonizing Natural Language and Code for Language Agents
35. ICLR 2024Let Models Speak Ciphers: Multiagent Debate through Embeddings
36. ICLR 2024LOQA: Learning with Opponent Q-Learning Awareness
37. ICLR 2024LoTa-Bench: Benchmarking Language-oriented Task Planners for Embodied Agents
38. ICLR 2024Maximum Entropy Heterogeneous-Agent Reinforcement Learning
39. ICLR 2024MetaGPT: Meta Programming for A Multi-Agent Collaborative Framework
40. ICLR 2024MetaTool Benchmark for Large Language Models: Deciding Whether to Use Tools and Which to Use
41. ICLR 2024Modeling Boundedly Rational Agents with Latent Inference Budgets
42. ICLR 2024Neural Neighborhood Search for Multi-agent Path Finding
43. ICLR 2024On the Hardness of Constrained Cooperative Multi-Agent Reinforcement Learning
44. ICLR 2024Online Continual Learning for Interactive Instruction Following Agents
45. ICLR 2024PB-LLM: Partially Binarized Large Language Models
46. ICLR 2024Provable Memory Efficient Self-Play Algorithm for Model-free Reinforcement Learning
47. ICLR 2024Rethinking Adversarial Policies: A Generalized Attack Formulation and Provable Defense in RL
48. ICLR 2024Retroformer: Retrospective Large Language Agents with Policy Gradient Optimization
49. ICLR 2024REValueD: Regularised Ensemble Value-Decomposition for Factorisable Markov Decision Processes
50. ICLR 2024Reward Design for Justifiable Sequential Decision-Making

FAQ

How many AI Agents papers were published at NeurIPS, ICLR, ICML and CVPR from 2023 to 2026?

3,266 in total: 170 in 2023, 329 in 2024, 784 in 2025, 1,983 in 2026.

How many AI Agents papers are at NeurIPS 2026?

NeurIPS 2026 has 729 AI Agents papers, versus 362 the year before.

How many AI Agents papers are at ICLR 2026?

ICLR 2026 has 500 AI Agents papers, versus 204 the year before.

How many AI Agents papers are at ICML 2026?

ICML 2026 has 640 AI Agents papers, versus 178 the year before.

How many AI Agents papers are at CVPR 2026?

CVPR 2026 has 114 AI Agents papers, versus 40 the year before.

Which conference publishes the most AI Agents papers?

NeurIPS, with 1,317 papers from 2023 to 2026.