ECCV 2024 Papers

"Existing imaging systems support wide-gamut images like ProPhoto RGB, but most images are typically encoded in a narrower gamut space (e.g., sRGB). To this end, these images can be enhanced by learning to recover the original color values beyond the sRGB gamut, or out-of-gamut values. Current methods incorporate the metadata from the target wide-gamut images to expand the gamut, while preventing distortion of in-gamut values. However, this metadata is hard to obtain in real-world scenarios. In this paper, we propose a novel method that requires no metadata. We formulate gamut expansion as a “root-finding” problem and learn an equilibrium transformation via a neural network. Specifically, our method defines a dynamic system that keeps in-gamut values stable to prevent color distortion and updates out-of-gamut values recurrently. Therefore, we employ an implicit recurrent mechanism to iteratively extract features, which can effectively mitigate the vanishing gradient problem, and reduce the GPU memory consumption to O(1) complexity during training. Experiments demonstrate the effectiveness and efficiency of our model, in terms of gamut expansion and color restoration, outperforming state-of-the-art models by 0.40dB, in terms of PSNR, with a size of 40K parameters only. The codes are available at: https://github.com/junxiao01/LETNet."

"Scale arbitrary super-resolution based on implicit image function gains increasing popularity since it can better represent the visual world in a continuous manner. However, existing scale arbitrary works are trained and evaluated on simulated datasets, where low-resolution images are generated from their ground truths by the simplest bicubic downsampling. These models exhibit limited generalization to real-world scenarios due to the greater complexity of real-world degradations. To address this issue, we build a RealArbiSR dataset, a new real-world super-resolution benchmark with both integer and non-integer scaling factors fo the training and evaluation of real-world scale arbitrary super-resolution. Moreover, we propose a Dual-level Deformable Implicit Representation (DDIR) to solve real-world scale arbitrary super-resolution. Specifically, we design the appearance embedding and deformation field to handle both image-level and pixel-level deformations caused by real-world degradations. The appearance embedding models the characteristics of low-resolution inputs to deal with photometric variations at different scales, and the pixel-based deformation field learns RGB differences which result from the deviations between the real-world and simulated degradations at arbitrary coordinates. Extensive experiments show our trained model achieves state-of-the-art performance on the RealArbiSR and RealSR benchmarks for real-world scale arbitrary super-resolution. The dataset and code are available at https://github.com/nonozhizhiovo/RealArbiSR."

"We are exploring an emerging formulation in anomaly detection (AD) where multiple instances of the same object are produced simultaneously and distinctly to address the limitation that using only a single instance may not effectively capture any underlying defects. More specifically, we concentrate on a specific scenario where each object of interest is linked to seven distinct data views/representations. The first six views involve capturing images with a stationary camera under six different lighting conditions, while the seventh view pertains to the 3D normal information. We refer to our intended task as multi-view anomaly detection. To tackle this problem, our approach involves training a view-invariant ControlNet that can produce consistent feature maps regardless of the data views. This training strategy enables us to mitigate the impact of varying lighting conditions and to fuse information from both the RGB color appearance and the 3D normal geometry effectively. Moreover, as the diffusion process is not deterministic, we utilize the denoising diffusion implicit model (DDIM) [?] scheme to improve the applicability of our established memory banks of diffusion-based features for anomaly detection inference. To demonstrate the efficacy of our approach, we present extensive ablation studies and state-of-the-art experimental results on the Eyecandies dataset."

"While the success of deep learning relies on large amounts of training datasets, data is often limited in privacy-sensitive domains. To address this challenge, generative model learning with differential privacy has emerged as a solution to train private generative models for desensitized data generation. However, the quality of the images generated by existing methods is limited due to the complexity of modeling data distribution. We build on the success of diffusion models and introduce DP-SAD, which trains a private diffusion model by a stochastic adversarial distillation method. Specifically, we first train a diffusion model as a teacher and then train a student by distillation, in which we achieve differential privacy by adding noise to the gradients from other models to the student. For better generation quality, we introduce a discriminator to distinguish whether an image is from the teacher or the student, which forms the adversarial training. Extensive experiments and analysis clearly demonstrate the effectiveness of our proposed method."

"Reaching-and-grasping is a fundamental skill for robotic manipulation, but existing methods usually train models on a specific gripper and cannot be reused on another gripper. In this paper, we propose a novel method that can learn a unified policy model that can be easily transferred to different dexterous grippers. Our method consists of two stages: a gripper-agnostic policy model that predicts the displacements of pre-defined key points on the gripper, and a gripper-specific adaptation model that translates these displacements into adjustments for controlling the grippers’ joints. The gripper state and interactions with objects are captured at the finger level using robust geometric representations, integrated with a transformer-based network to address variations in gripper morphology and geometry. In the experiments, we evaluate our method on several dexterous grippers and diverse objects, and the result shows that our method significantly outperforms the baseline methods. Pioneering the transfer of grasp policies across dexterous grippers, our method effectively demonstrates its potential for learning generalizable and transferable manipulation skills for various robotic hands."

"Despite the remarkable success of large vision-language models (LVLMs) on various tasks, their susceptibility to knowledge bias inherited from training data hinders their ability to generalize to new scenarios and limits their real-world applicability. To address this challenge, we propose the Counterfactual Bias-Robust Reasoning (CoBRa) dataset that tackles knowledge bias by offering a novel collection of VQA examples designed to evaluate and mitigate bias in LVLMs. These examples encourage counterfactual thinking by providing edited knowledge graphs and image contents, with detailed annotations of reasoning processes to facilitate a comprehensive understanding of the examples. Based on the dataset, we introduce a Chain of Counterfactual Thought (CoCT) method that learns the bias-robust reasoning processes and provides in-context examples demonstrating how existing reasoning generalizes to counterfactual scenarios. This enables LVLMs to explicitly reason step-by-step rather than relying on biased knowledge, leading to more generalizable solutions. Our extensive evaluation demonstrates that CoCT outperforms existing approaches on tasks requiring reasoning under knowledge bias. Our work is available at https://github. com/SuperJohnZhang/CoBRa."

"Existing Camouflaged Object Detection (COD) methods rely heavily on large-scale pixel-annotated training sets, which are both time-consuming and labor-intensive. Although weakly supervised methods offer higher annotation efficiency, their performance is far behind due to the unclear visual demarcations between foreground and background in camouflaged images. In this paper, we explore the potential of using boxes as prompts in camouflaged scenes and introduce the first weakly semi-supervised COD method, aiming for budget-efficient and high-precision camouflaged object segmentation with an extremely limited number of fully labeled images. Critically, learning from such limited set inevitably generates pseudo labels with serious noisy pixels. To address this, we propose a noise correction loss that facilitates the model’s learning of correct pixels in the early learning stage, and corrects the error risk gradients dominated by noisy pixels in the memorization stage, ultimately achieving accurate segmentation of camouflaged objects from noisy labels. When using only 20% of fully labeled data, our method shows superior performance over the state-of-the-art methods."

"Unsupervised video anomaly detection (UVAD) aims to detect abnormal events in videos without any annotations. It remains challenging because anomalies are rare, diverse, and usually not well-defined. Existing UVAD methods are purely data-driven and perform unsupervised learning by identifying various abnormal patterns in videos. Since these methods largely rely on the feature representation and data distribution, they can only learn salient anomalies that are substantially different from normal events but ignore the less distinct ones. To address this challenge, this paper pursues a different approach that leverages data-irrelevant prior knowledge about normal and abnormal events for UVAD. We first propose a new normality prior for UVAD, suggesting that the start and end of a video are predominantly normal. We then propose normality propagation, which propagates normal knowledge based on relationships between video snippets to estimate the normal magnitudes of unlabeled snippets. Finally, unsupervised learning of abnormal detection is performed based on the propagated labels and a new loss re-weighting method. These components are complementary to normality propagation and mitigate the negative impact of incorrectly propagated labels. Extensive experiments on the ShanghaiTech and UCF-Crime benchmarks demonstrate the superior performance of our method. The code is available at https://github.com/shyern/LANP-UVAD.git."

"This paper tackles the intricate challenge of object removal to update the radiance field using the 3D Gaussian Splatting. The main challenges of this task lie in the preservation of geometric consistency and the maintenance of texture coherence in the presence of the substantial discrete nature of Gaussian primitives. We introduce a robust framework specifically designed to overcome these obstacles. The key insight of our approach is the enhancement of information exchange among visible and invisible areas, facilitating content restoration in terms of both geometry and texture. Our methodology begins with optimizing the positioning of Gaussian primitives to improve geometric consistency across both removed and visible areas, guided by an online registration process informed by monocular depth estimation. Following this, we employ a novel feature propagation mechanism to bolster texture coherence, leveraging a cross-attention design that bridges sampling Gaussians from both uncertain and certain areas. This innovative approach significantly refines the texture coherence within the final radiance field. Extensive experiments validate that our method not only elevates the quality of novel view synthesis for scenes undergoing object removal but also showcases notable efficiency gains in training and rendering speeds. Project Page: https://w-ted.github.io/publications/gscream"

"Neural Video Compression (NVC) has achieved remarkable performance in recent years. However, precise rate control remains a challenge due to the inherent limitations of learning-based codecs. To solve this issue, we propose a dynamic video compression framework designed for variable bitrate scenarios. First, to achieve variable bitrate implementation, we propose the Dynamic-Route Autoencoder with variable coding routes, each occupying partial computational complexity of the whole network and navigating to a distinct RD trade-off. Second, to approach the target bitrate, the Rate Control Agent estimates the bitrate of each route and adjusts the coding route of DRA at run time. To encompass a broad spectrum of variable bitrates while preserving overall RD performance, we employ the Joint-Routes Optimization strategy, achieving collaborative training of various routes. Extensive experiments on the HEVC and UVG datasets show that the proposed method achieves an average BD-Rate reduction of 14.8% and BD-PSNR gain of 0.47dB over state-of-the-art methods while maintaining an average bitrate error of 1.66%, achieving Rate-Distortion-Complexity Optimization (RDCO) for various bitrate and bitrate-constrained applications."

"We propose a novel neural network approach to model the dynamics of articulated human motion with contact. Our goal is to develop a faster and more convenient alternative to traditional physics simulators for use in computer vision tasks such as human motion reconstruction from video. To that end we introduce a training procedure and model components that support the construction of a recurrent neural architecture to accurately learn to simulate articulated rigid body dynamics. Our neural architecture (LARP) supports features typically found in traditional physics simulators, such as modeling of joint motors, variable dimensions of body parts, contact between body parts and objects, yet it is differentiable, and an order of magnitude faster than traditional systems when multiple simulations are run in parallel. To demonstrate the value of our approach we use it as a drop-in replacement for a state-of-the-art classical non-differentiable simulator in an existing video-based 3D human pose reconstruction framework [?] and show comparable or better accuracy."

"A popular method for enhancing images involves learning the style of a professional photo editor using pairs of training images comprised of the original input with the editor-enhanced version. When manipulating images, many editing tools offer a feature that allows the user to manipulate a limited selection of familiar colors. Editing by color name allows easy adjustment of elements like the ”blue” of the sky or the ”green” of trees. Inspired by this approach to color manipulation, we propose NamedCurves, a learning-based image enhancement technique that separates the image into a small set of named colors. Our method learns to globally adjust the image for each specific named color via tone curves and then combines the images using an attention-based fusion mechanism to mimic spatial editing. We demonstrate the effectiveness of our method against several competing methods on the well-known Adobe 5K dataset and the PPR10K dataset, showing notable improvements."

"High dynamic range (HDR) capture and display have seen significant growth in popularity driven by the advancements in technology and increasing consumer demand for superior image quality. As a result, HDR image compression is crucial to fully realize the benefits of HDR imaging without suffering from large file sizes and inefficient data handling. Conventionally, this is achieved by introducing a residual/gain map as additional metadata to bridge the gap between HDR and low dynamic range (LDR) images, making the former compatible with LDR image codecs but offering suboptimal rate-distortion performance. In this work, we initiate efforts towards end-to-end optimized HDR image compression for perceptually optimal storage and display. Specifically, we learn to compress an HDR image into two bitstreams: one for generating an LDR image to ensure compatibility with legacy LDR displays, and another as side information to aid HDR image reconstruction from the output LDR image. To measure the perceptual quality of output HDR and LDR images, we use two recently proposed image distortion metrics, both validated against human perceptual data of image quality and with reference to the uncompressed HDR image. Through end-to-end optimization for rate-distortion performance, our method dramatically improves HDR and LDR image quality at all bit rates. The code is available at https://github.com/cpb68/EPIC-HDR/."

"Domain generalization (DG) aims to avoid the performance degradation of the model when the distribution shift between the limited training data and unseen test data occurs. Recently, foundation models with enormous parameters have been pre-trained with huge datasets, demonstrating strong generalization ability and showing promising direction for solving the DG problem. However, fully Fine-Tuning (FT) the foundation models results in unsatisfactory out-of-distribution accuracy due to the destroyed pre-trained generalized features. Recently, Parameter-Efficient Fine-Tuning (PEFT) alleviates the above problem by fine-tuning a small portion of the model parameters while keeping the rest frozen, which achieves better generalization performance compared to FT. Nevertheless, PEFT still suffers from the issue of overfitting to the training domains. To address the above issue, we propose Parameter-Efficient Group with Orthogonal regularization (PEGO) for vision transformers, which effectively preserves the generalization ability of the pre-trained network and learns more diverse knowledge compared with conventional PEFT. Specifically, we inject a group of trainable Low-Rank Adaptation (LoRA) modules into the pre-trained model and propose an orthogonal regularization loss to enhance the generalization ability of the model. Our framework achieves SOTA performance on five DG benchmarks, while only requiring training a small number of parameters without adding additional testing cost."

"In this paper, we propose a unified framework aimed at enhancing the diffusion priors for 3D generation tasks. Despite the critical importance of these tasks, existing methodologies often struggle to generate high-caliber results. We begin by examining the inherent limitations in previous diffusion priors. We identify a divergence between the diffusion priors and the training procedures of diffusion models that substantially impairs the quality of 3D generation. To address this issue, we propose a novel, unified framework that iteratively optimizes both the 3D model and the diffusion prior. Leveraging the different learnable parameters of the diffusion prior, our approach offers multiple configurations, affording various trade-offs between performance and implementation complexity. Notably, our experimental results demonstrate that our method markedly surpasses existing techniques, establishing new state-of-the-art in the realm of text-to-3D generation. Additionally, our framework yields insightful contributions to the understanding of recent score distillation methods, such as the VSD loss and CSD loss. Code:https://yangxiaofeng.github.io/demo_diffusion_prior"

"Simultaneous localization and mapping (SLAM) with implicit neural representations has received extensive attention due to the expressive representation power and the innovative paradigm of continual learning. However, deploying such a system within a dynamic environment has not been well-studied. Such challenges are intractable even for conventional algorithms since observations from different views with dynamic objects involved break the geometric and photometric consistency, whereas the consistency lays the foundation for joint optimizing the camera pose and the map parameters. In this paper, we best exploit the characteristics of continual learning and propose a novel SLAM framework for dynamic environments. While past efforts have been made to avoid catastrophic forgetting by exploiting an experience replay strategy, we view forgetting as a desirable characteristic. By adaptively controlling the replayed buffer, the ambiguity caused by moving objects can be easily alleviated through forgetting. We restrain the replay of the dynamic objects by introducing a continually-learned classifier for dynamic object identification. The iterative optimization of the neural map and the classifier notably improves the robustness of the SLAM system under a dynamic environment. Experiments on challenging datasets verify the effectiveness of the proposed framework."

"Domain Adaptation (DA) facilitates knowledge transfer from a source domain to a related target domain. This paper investigates a practical DA paradigm, namely Source data-Free Active Domain Adaptation (SFADA), where source data becomes inaccessible during adaptation, and a minimum amount of annotation budget is available in the target domain. Without referencing the source data, new challenges emerge in identifying the most informative target samples for labeling, establishing cross-domain alignment during adaptation, and ensuring continuous performance improvements through the iterative query-and-adaptation process. In response, we present learn from the learnt (LFTL), a novel paradigm for SFADA to leverage the learnt knowledge from the source pretrained model and actively iterated models without extra overhead. We propose Contrastive Active Sampling to learn from the hypotheses of the preceding model, thereby querying target samples that are both informative to the current model and persistently challenging throughout active learning. During adaptation, we learn from features of actively selected anchors obtained from previous intermediate models, so that the Visual Persistence-guided Adaptation can facilitate feature distribution alignment and active sample exploitation. Extensive experiments on three widely-used benchmarks show that our LFTL achieves state-of-the-art performance, superior computational efficiency and continuous improvements as the annotation budget increases. Our code is available at https://github.com/lyumengyao/lftl."

"We introduce a novel diffusion transformer, , that generates partial image updates efficiently. Our approach targets interactive image editing applications in which, starting from a blank canvas or an image, a user specifies a sequence of localized image modifications using binary masks and text prompts. Our generator operates in two phases. First, a context encoder processes the current canvas and user mask to produce a compact global context tailored to the region to generate. Second, conditioned on this context, a diffusion-based transformer decoder synthesizes the masked pixels in a “lazy” fashion, i.e., it only generates the masked region. This contrasts with previous works that either regenerate the full canvas, wasting time and computation, or confine processing to a tight rectangular crop around the mask, ignoring the global image context altogether. Our decoder’s runtime scales with the mask size, which is typically small, while our encoder introduces negligible overhead. We demonstrate that our approach is competitive with state-of-the-art inpainting methods in terms of quality and fidelity while providing a 10× speedup for typical user interactions, where the editing mask represents 10% of the image."

"Finding a suitable layout represents a crucial task for diverse applications in graphic design. Motivated by simpler and smoother sampling trajectories, we explore the use of Flow Matching as an alternative to current diffusion-based layout generation models. Specifically, we propose LayoutFlow, an efficient flow-based model capable of generating high-quality layouts. Instead of progressively denoising the elements of a noisy layout, our method learns to gradually move, or flow, the elements of an initial sample until it reaches its final prediction. In addition, we employ a conditioning scheme that allows us to handle various generation tasks with varying degrees of conditioning with a single model. Empirically, LayoutFlow performs on par with state-of-the-art models while being significantly faster. The project page, including our code, can be found at https://julianguerreiro.github.io/layoutflow/."