Reinforcement Learning papers, 2023–2026

Key findings

• Reinforcement Learning went from 1,070 papers in 2023 to 2,985 in 2026, roughly 2.8x in three years.
• NeurIPS publishes the most Reinforcement Learning work: 2,494 papers from 2023 to 2026, 36% of the four-venue total.
• The fastest-growing overlap is with Reasoning Models: papers tagged with both rose from 9 in 2023 to 437 in 2026.

Representative papers

Spread across years and venues so every edition shows up

• NeurIPS 2026\texttt{FEROM}: Frontier Endogenous Reveal-Order Marginal Policy Optimization for Masked Diffusion LMs
• ICML 2026$\text{DT}^\text{2}$: Decision-Targeted Digital Twins
• ICLR 2026$\nabla$-Reasoner: LLM Reasoning via Test-Time Gradient Descent in Textual Space
• CVPR 2026A Causal Marriage between VLM and IRM from Understanding to
• NeurIPS 2025$\texttt{G1}$: Teaching LLMs to Reason on Graphs with Reinforcement Learning
• ICML 2025A Computationally Efficient Algorithm for Infinite-Horizon Average-Reward Linear MDPs
• ICLR 2025$\phi$-Update: A Class of Policy Update Methods with Policy Convergence Guarantee
• CVPR 2025All-Optical Nonlinear Diffractive Deep Network for Ultrafast Image Denoising
• NeurIPS 2024A Critical Evaluation of AI Feedback for Aligning Large Language Models
• ICML 2024${\rm E}(3)$-Equivariant Actor-Critic Methods for Cooperative Multi-Agent Reinforcement Learning
• ICLR 2024A Black-box Approach for Non-stationary Multi-agent Reinforcement Learning
• CVPR 2024DMR: Decomposed Multi-Modality Representations for Frames and Events Fusion in Visual Reinforcement Learning
• NeurIPS 2023“Why Not Looking backward?” A Robust Two-Step Method to Automatically Terminate Bayesian Optimization
• ICML 2023A Connection between One-Step RL and Critic Regularization in Reinforcement Learning
• ICLR 2023$O(T^{-1})$ Convergence of Optimistic-Follow-the-Regularized-Leader in Two-Player Zero-Sum Markov Games
• CVPR 2023"Seeing" Electric Network Frequency From Events
• NeurIPS 2026$\varphi$TD: Distributional Reinforcement Learning using Characteristic Functions
• ICML 2026$\textit{S}$-SPPO: Semantic-Calibrated Self-Play Preference Optimization
• ICLR 2026$AutoDrive\text{-}P^3$: Unified Chain of Perception–Prediction–Planning Thought via Reinforcement Fine-Tuning
• CVPR 2026AdaptVision Efficient Vision-Language Models via Adaptive Visual Acquisition

All Reinforcement Learning papers

304 papers, page 1 of 7

1. ICLR 2024$\mathcal{B}$-Coder: Value-Based Deep Reinforcement Learning for Program Synthesis
2. ICLR 2024$\pi$2vec: Policy Representation with Successor Features
3. ICLR 2024A Black-box Approach for Non-stationary Multi-agent Reinforcement Learning
4. ICLR 2024A Dynamical View of the Question of Why
5. ICLR 2024A Newborn Embodied Turing Test for Comparing Object Segmentation Across Animals and Machines
6. ICLR 2024A Policy Gradient Method for Confounded POMDPs
7. ICLR 2024Achieving Fairness in Multi-Agent MDP Using Reinforcement Learning
8. ICLR 2024Achieving Sample and Computational Efficient Reinforcement Learning by Action Space Reduction via Grouping
9. ICLR 2024Active Retrosynthetic Planning Aware of Route Quality
10. ICLR 2024Adaptive Rational Activations to Boost Deep Reinforcement Learning
11. ICLR 2024Adaptive Regularization of Representation Rank as an Implicit Constraint of Bellman Equation
12. ICLR 2024Adaptive Stochastic Gradient Algorithm for Black-box Multi-Objective Learning
13. ICLR 2024Addressing Loss of Plasticity and Catastrophic Forgetting in Continual Learning
14. ICLR 2024Addressing Signal Delay in Deep Reinforcement Learning
15. ICLR 2024Adversarial Imitation Learning via Boosting
16. ICLR 2024AlignDiff: Aligning Diverse Human Preferences via Behavior-Customisable Diffusion Model
17. ICLR 2024AMAGO: Scalable In-Context Reinforcement Learning for Adaptive Agents
18. ICLR 2024Amortized Network Intervention to Steer the Excitatory Point Processes
19. ICLR 2024Amortizing intractable inference in large language models
20. ICLR 2024ASID: Active Exploration for System Identification in Robotic Manipulation
21. ICLR 2024Attention-Guided Contrastive Role Representations for Multi-agent Reinforcement Learning
22. ICLR 2024Augmented Bayesian Policy Search
23. ICLR 2024Beam Enumeration: Probabilistic Explainability For Sample Efficient Self-conditioned Molecular Design
24. ICLR 2024Behaviour Distillation
25. ICLR 2024Belief-Enriched Pessimistic Q-Learning against Adversarial State Perturbations
26. ICLR 2024Better Neural PDE Solvers Through Data-Free Mesh Movers
27. ICLR 2024Beyond Imitation: Leveraging Fine-grained Quality Signals for Alignment
28. ICLR 2024Beyond Reverse KL: Generalizing Direct Preference Optimization with Diverse Divergence Constraints
29. ICLR 2024Beyond Stationarity: Convergence Analysis of Stochastic Softmax Policy Gradient Methods
30. ICLR 2024Beyond Worst-case Attacks: Robust RL with Adaptive Defense via Non-dominated Policies
31. ICLR 2024Blending Imitation and Reinforcement Learning for Robust Policy Improvement
32. ICLR 2024Bridging State and History Representations: Understanding Self-Predictive RL
33. ICLR 2024Byzantine Robust Cooperative Multi-Agent Reinforcement Learning as a Bayesian Game
34. ICLR 2024Cascading Reinforcement Learning
35. ICLR 2024Causally Aligned Curriculum Learning
36. ICLR 2024Chain of Hindsight aligns Language Models with Feedback
37. ICLR 2024CivRealm: A Learning and Reasoning Odyssey in Civilization for Decision-Making Agents
38. ICLR 2024Cleanba: A Reproducible and Efficient Distributed Reinforcement Learning Platform
39. ICLR 2024Closing the Gap between TD Learning and Supervised Learning - A Generalisation Point of View.
40. ICLR 2024Compositional Conservatism: A Transductive Approach in Offline Reinforcement Learning
41. ICLR 2024Compositional Preference Models for Aligning LMs
42. ICLR 2024Confronting Reward Model Overoptimization with Constrained RLHF
43. ICLR 2024Consciousness-Inspired Spatio-Temporal Abstractions for Better Generalization in Reinforcement Learning
44. ICLR 2024Consistency Models as a Rich and Efficient Policy Class for Reinforcement Learning
45. ICLR 2024Contrastive Difference Predictive Coding
46. ICLR 2024Contrastive Preference Learning: Learning from Human Feedback without Reinforcement Learning
47. ICLR 2024COPlanner: Plan to Roll Out Conservatively but to Explore Optimistically for Model-Based RL
48. ICLR 2024CORN: Contact-based Object Representation for Nonprehensile Manipulation of General Unseen Objects
49. ICLR 2024CPPO: Continual Learning for Reinforcement Learning with Human Feedback
50. ICLR 2024CrossLoco: Human Motion Driven Control of Legged Robots via Guided Unsupervised Reinforcement Learning

FAQ

How many Reinforcement Learning papers were published at NeurIPS, ICLR, ICML and CVPR from 2023 to 2026?

6,885 in total: 1,070 in 2023, 1,190 in 2024, 1,640 in 2025, 2,985 in 2026.

How many Reinforcement Learning papers are at NeurIPS 2026?

NeurIPS 2026 has 760 Reinforcement Learning papers, versus 784 the year before.

How many Reinforcement Learning papers are at ICLR 2026?

ICLR 2026 has 911 Reinforcement Learning papers, versus 379 the year before.

How many Reinforcement Learning papers are at ICML 2026?

ICML 2026 has 1,021 Reinforcement Learning papers, versus 405 the year before.

How many Reinforcement Learning papers are at CVPR 2026?

CVPR 2026 has 293 Reinforcement Learning papers, versus 72 the year before.

Which conference publishes the most Reinforcement Learning papers?

NeurIPS, with 2,494 papers from 2023 to 2026.