Reinforcement Learning papers, 2023–2026

Key findings

• Reinforcement Learning went from 1,070 papers in 2023 to 2,985 in 2026, roughly 2.8x in three years.
• NeurIPS publishes the most Reinforcement Learning work: 2,494 papers from 2023 to 2026, 36% of the four-venue total.
• The fastest-growing overlap is with Reasoning Models: papers tagged with both rose from 9 in 2023 to 437 in 2026.

Representative papers

Spread across years and venues so every edition shows up

• NeurIPS 2026\texttt{FEROM}: Frontier Endogenous Reveal-Order Marginal Policy Optimization for Masked Diffusion LMs
• ICML 2026$\text{DT}^\text{2}$: Decision-Targeted Digital Twins
• ICLR 2026$\nabla$-Reasoner: LLM Reasoning via Test-Time Gradient Descent in Textual Space
• CVPR 2026A Causal Marriage between VLM and IRM from Understanding to
• NeurIPS 2025$\texttt{G1}$: Teaching LLMs to Reason on Graphs with Reinforcement Learning
• ICML 2025A Computationally Efficient Algorithm for Infinite-Horizon Average-Reward Linear MDPs
• ICLR 2025$\phi$-Update: A Class of Policy Update Methods with Policy Convergence Guarantee
• CVPR 2025All-Optical Nonlinear Diffractive Deep Network for Ultrafast Image Denoising
• NeurIPS 2024A Critical Evaluation of AI Feedback for Aligning Large Language Models
• ICML 2024${\rm E}(3)$-Equivariant Actor-Critic Methods for Cooperative Multi-Agent Reinforcement Learning
• ICLR 2024A Black-box Approach for Non-stationary Multi-agent Reinforcement Learning
• CVPR 2024DMR: Decomposed Multi-Modality Representations for Frames and Events Fusion in Visual Reinforcement Learning
• NeurIPS 2023“Why Not Looking backward?” A Robust Two-Step Method to Automatically Terminate Bayesian Optimization
• ICML 2023A Connection between One-Step RL and Critic Regularization in Reinforcement Learning
• ICLR 2023$O(T^{-1})$ Convergence of Optimistic-Follow-the-Regularized-Leader in Two-Player Zero-Sum Markov Games
• CVPR 2023"Seeing" Electric Network Frequency From Events
• NeurIPS 2026$\varphi$TD: Distributional Reinforcement Learning using Characteristic Functions
• ICML 2026$\textit{S}$-SPPO: Semantic-Calibrated Self-Play Preference Optimization
• ICLR 2026$AutoDrive\text{-}P^3$: Unified Chain of Perception–Prediction–Planning Thought via Reinforcement Fine-Tuning
• CVPR 2026AdaptVision Efficient Vision-Language Models via Adaptive Visual Acquisition

All Reinforcement Learning papers

1,021 papers, page 9 of 21

401. ICML 2026Human-in-the-Loop Policy Optimization for Preference-Based Multi-Objective Reinforcement Learning
402. ICML 2026HumanLM: Simulating Users with State Alignment Beats Response Imitation
403. ICML 2026Hybrid Reinforcement Learning in Adversarial Markov Decision Processes
404. ICML 2026HyMTRL: A Hybrid Multi-Task Reinforcement Learning Framework via Phased Policy Evolution
405. ICML 2026HyPOLE: Hyperproperty-Guided Multi-Agent Reinforcement Learning under Partial Observation
406. ICML 2026ICR-RL: Deep Reinforcement Learning via In-Context-Regression
407. ICML 2026Identifiable Token Correspondence for World Models
408. ICML 2026IEC: When Information-Driven Exploration Meets Spectral Consensus via Primal–Dual Reward Regularization in Decentralized Multi-Agent RL
409. ICML 2026iGRPO: Fast Online RL for Flow Matching Model with Instant Reward
410. ICML 2026Imitation Learning for Multi-turn LM Agents via On-policy Expert Corrections
411. ICML 2026Impact of Connectivity on Laplacian Representations in Reinforcement Learning
412. ICML 2026Implicit Action Chunking for Smooth Continuous Control
413. ICML 2026Implicit Actor Critic Coupling via a Supervised Learning Framework for RLVR
414. ICML 2026Implicit Preference Alignment for Human Image Animation
415. ICML 2026Implicit Safety Alignment from Crowd Preferences
416. ICML 2026Implicit Turn-Wise Policy Optimization for Proactive User-LLM Interaction
417. ICML 2026Improved Bounds for Reward-Agnostic and Reward-Free Exploration
418. ICML 2026Improving Diffusion Planners by Self-Supervised Action Gating with Energies
419. ICML 2026Improving LLM-Based Recommenders with Conservative Generative Flow Networks
420. ICML 2026Improving Zero-Shot Offline RL via Behavioral Task Sampling
421. ICML 2026Inference-Aware Meta-Alignment of LLMs via Non-Linear GRPO
422. ICML 2026InfiMed-ORBIT: Aligning LLMs on Open-Ended Complex Tasks via Rubric-Based Incremental Training
423. ICML 2026InfoDLM: an Information-Adaptive Framework for Discrete Diffusion Language Model Pretraining
424. ICML 2026InfoPO: Information-Driven Policy Optimization for User-Centric Agents
425. ICML 2026Informed Asymmetric Actor-Critic: Leveraging Privileged Signals Beyond Full-State Access
426. ICML 2026InfraRL: A Benchmark for Constrained Resource Allocation in Large-Scale Infrastructure Asset Management
427. ICML 2026InftyThink+: Effective and Efficient Infinite-Horizon Reasoning via Reinforcement Learning
428. ICML 2026Injecting Distributional Awareness into MLLMs via Reinforcement Learning for Deep Imbalanced Regression
429. ICML 2026Instance-Dependent Continuous-Time Reinforcement Learning via Maximum Likelihood Estimation
430. ICML 2026Intentional Updates for Streaming Reinforcement Learning
431. ICML 2026IntentRL: Training Proactive User-intent Agents for Open-ended Deep Research via Reinforcement Learning
432. ICML 2026Interaction-Breaking Adversarial Learning Framework for Robust Multi-Agent Reinforcement Learning
433. ICML 2026Internalizing Safety Understanding in Large Reasoning Models via Verification
434. ICML 2026Interpretability Driven Evolutionary Approach for the Design of Biological Sequences
435. ICML 2026Intrinsic Credit Assignment for Long Horizon Interaction
436. ICML 2026Investigating Memory in Model-Free RL with POPGym Arcade
437. ICML 2026IRPM: Intergroup Relative Preference Modeling for Pointwise Generative Reward Models
438. ICML 2026IsoCompute Playbook: Optimally Scaling Sampling Compute for LLM RL
439. ICML 2026Iterated Population Based Training with Task-Agnostic Restarts
440. ICML 2026iVGR: Internalizing Visually Grounded Reasoning for MLLMs with Reinforcement Learning
441. ICML 2026Joint-Space Empowerment as a Theory of Dexterous Motor Coordination
442. ICML 2026Just-In-Time Reinforcement Learning: Continual Learning in LLM Agents Without Gradient Updates
443. ICML 2026KAGE-Bench: Fast Known-Axis Visual Generalization Evaluation for Reinforcement Learning
444. ICML 2026KBQA-R1: Reinforcing Large Language Models for Knowledge Base Question Answering
445. ICML 2026Knapsack RL: Compute-Efficient Reinforcement Learning via Heterogeneous Rollout Allocation
446. ICML 2026Knothe-Rosenblatt Quantile Regression for Risk-sensitive Multi-objective Reinforcement Learning
447. ICML 2026Knowing When to Quit: A Principled Framework for Dynamic Abstention in LLM Reasoning
448. ICML 2026Knowledge Diversion for Efficient Morphology Control and Policy Transfer
449. ICML 2026LAGEA: Language Guided Embodied Agents for Robotic Manipulation
450. ICML 2026Lagrangian Perturbation Diffusion Steering: Latent Reinforcement Learning for Generative Policies

FAQ

How many Reinforcement Learning papers were published at NeurIPS, ICLR, ICML and CVPR from 2023 to 2026?

6,885 in total: 1,070 in 2023, 1,190 in 2024, 1,640 in 2025, 2,985 in 2026.

How many Reinforcement Learning papers are at NeurIPS 2026?

NeurIPS 2026 has 760 Reinforcement Learning papers, versus 784 the year before.

How many Reinforcement Learning papers are at ICLR 2026?

ICLR 2026 has 911 Reinforcement Learning papers, versus 379 the year before.

How many Reinforcement Learning papers are at ICML 2026?

ICML 2026 has 1,021 Reinforcement Learning papers, versus 405 the year before.

How many Reinforcement Learning papers are at CVPR 2026?

CVPR 2026 has 293 Reinforcement Learning papers, versus 72 the year before.

Which conference publishes the most Reinforcement Learning papers?

NeurIPS, with 2,494 papers from 2023 to 2026.