Reinforcement Learning papers, 2023–2026

Key findings

• Reinforcement Learning went from 1,070 papers in 2023 to 2,985 in 2026, roughly 2.8x in three years.
• NeurIPS publishes the most Reinforcement Learning work: 2,494 papers from 2023 to 2026, 36% of the four-venue total.
• The fastest-growing overlap is with Reasoning Models: papers tagged with both rose from 9 in 2023 to 437 in 2026.

Representative papers

Spread across years and venues so every edition shows up

• NeurIPS 2026\texttt{FEROM}: Frontier Endogenous Reveal-Order Marginal Policy Optimization for Masked Diffusion LMs
• ICML 2026$\text{DT}^\text{2}$: Decision-Targeted Digital Twins
• ICLR 2026$\nabla$-Reasoner: LLM Reasoning via Test-Time Gradient Descent in Textual Space
• CVPR 2026A Causal Marriage between VLM and IRM from Understanding to
• NeurIPS 2025$\texttt{G1}$: Teaching LLMs to Reason on Graphs with Reinforcement Learning
• ICML 2025A Computationally Efficient Algorithm for Infinite-Horizon Average-Reward Linear MDPs
• ICLR 2025$\phi$-Update: A Class of Policy Update Methods with Policy Convergence Guarantee
• CVPR 2025All-Optical Nonlinear Diffractive Deep Network for Ultrafast Image Denoising
• NeurIPS 2024A Critical Evaluation of AI Feedback for Aligning Large Language Models
• ICML 2024${\rm E}(3)$-Equivariant Actor-Critic Methods for Cooperative Multi-Agent Reinforcement Learning
• ICLR 2024A Black-box Approach for Non-stationary Multi-agent Reinforcement Learning
• CVPR 2024DMR: Decomposed Multi-Modality Representations for Frames and Events Fusion in Visual Reinforcement Learning
• NeurIPS 2023“Why Not Looking backward?” A Robust Two-Step Method to Automatically Terminate Bayesian Optimization
• ICML 2023A Connection between One-Step RL and Critic Regularization in Reinforcement Learning
• ICLR 2023$O(T^{-1})$ Convergence of Optimistic-Follow-the-Regularized-Leader in Two-Player Zero-Sum Markov Games
• CVPR 2023"Seeing" Electric Network Frequency From Events
• NeurIPS 2026$\varphi$TD: Distributional Reinforcement Learning using Characteristic Functions
• ICML 2026$\textit{S}$-SPPO: Semantic-Calibrated Self-Play Preference Optimization
• ICLR 2026$AutoDrive\text{-}P^3$: Unified Chain of Perception–Prediction–Planning Thought via Reinforcement Fine-Tuning
• CVPR 2026AdaptVision Efficient Vision-Language Models via Adaptive Visual Acquisition

All Reinforcement Learning papers

1,640 papers, page 8 of 33

351. ICLR 2025Rapidly Adapting Policies to the Real-World via Simulation-Guided Fine-Tuning
352. ICLR 2025Reconstruction-Guided Policy: Enhancing Decision-Making through Agent-Wise State Consistency
353. ICLR 2025REGENT: A Retrieval-Augmented Generalist Agent That Can Act In-Context in New Environments
354. ICLR 2025Regressing the Relative Future: Efficient Policy Optimization for Multi-turn RLHF
355. ICLR 2025Regret Bounds for Episodic Risk-Sensitive Linear Quadratic Regulator
356. ICLR 2025Regret-Optimal List Replicable Bandit Learning: Matching Upper and Lower Bounds
357. ICLR 2025Regulatory DNA Sequence Design with Reinforcement Learning
358. ICLR 2025Reinforcement Learning for Control of Non-Markovian Cellular Population Dynamics
359. ICLR 2025Reinforcement Learning from Imperfect Corrective Actions and Proxy Rewards
360. ICLR 2025Reinforcement learning with combinatorial actions for coupled restless bandits
361. ICLR 2025Residual Kernel Policy Network: Enhancing Stability and Robustness in RKHS-Based Reinforcement Learning
362. ICLR 2025Residual-MPPI: Online Policy Customization for Continuous Control
363. ICLR 2025Rethinking Light Decoder-based Solvers for Vehicle Routing Problems
364. ICLR 2025Rethinking Reward Model Evaluation: Are We Barking up the Wrong Tree?
365. ICLR 2025Revisiting a Design Choice in Gradient Temporal Difference Learning
366. ICLR 2025REvolve: Reward Evolution with Large Language Models using Human Feedback
367. ICLR 2025Reward Dimension Reduction for Scalable Multi-Objective Reinforcement Learning
368. ICLR 2025Reward Learning from Multiple Feedback Types
369. ICLR 2025Rewarding Progress: Scaling Automated Process Verifiers for LLM Reasoning
370. ICLR 2025Risk-Sensitive Variational Actor-Critic: A Model-Based Approach
371. ICLR 2025RM-Bench: Benchmarking Reward Models of Language Models with Subtlety and Style
372. ICLR 2025Robust Gymnasium: A Unified Modular Benchmark for Robust Reinforcement Learning
373. ICLR 2025Robust Transfer of Safety-Constrained Reinforcement Learning Agents
374. ICLR 2025RTDiff: Reverse Trajectory Synthesis via Diffusion for Offline Reinforcement Learning
375. ICLR 2025Safety Representations for Safer Policy Learning
376. ICLR 2025Safety-Prioritizing Curricula for Constrained Reinforcement Learning
377. ICLR 2025Sail into the Headwind: Alignment via Robust Rewards and Dynamic Labels against Reward Hacking
378. ICLR 2025Scalable Decision-Making in Stochastic Environments through Learned Temporal Abstraction
379. ICLR 2025Scaling Offline Model-Based RL via Jointly-Optimized World-Action Model Pretraining
380. ICLR 2025Scrutinize What We Ignore: Reining In Task Representation Shift Of Context-Based Offline Meta Reinforcement Learning
381. ICLR 2025Seeing Eye to AI: Human Alignment via Gaze-Based Response Rewards for Large Language Models
382. ICLR 2025Select before Act: Spatially Decoupled Action Repetition for Continuous Control
383. ICLR 2025SELF-EVOLVED REWARD LEARNING FOR LLMS
384. ICLR 2025Self-Improving Robust Preference Optimization
385. ICLR 2025Self-Play Preference Optimization for Language Model Alignment
386. ICLR 2025Self-play with Execution Feedback: Improving Instruction-following Capabilities of Large Language Models
387. ICLR 2025Semantic Temporal Abstraction via Vision-Language Model Guidance for Efficient Reinforcement Learning
388. ICLR 2025SEMDICE: Off-policy State Entropy Maximization via Stationary Distribution Correction Estimation
389. ICLR 2025Sequential Stochastic Combinatorial Optimization Using Hierarchal Reinforcement Learning
390. ICLR 2025SeRA: Self-Reviewing and Alignment of LLMs using Implicit Reward Margins
391. ICLR 2025SFESS: Score Function Estimators for $k$-Subset Sampling
392. ICLR 2025SFS: Smarter Code Space Search improves LLM Inference Scaling
393. ICLR 2025Sharpness-Aware Black-Box Optimization
394. ICLR 2025SimBa: Simplicity Bias for Scaling Up Parameters in Deep Reinforcement Learning
395. ICLR 2025Simple, Good, Fast: Self-Supervised World Models Free of Baggage
396. ICLR 2025Simplifying Deep Temporal Difference Learning
397. ICLR 2025SmartRAG: Jointly Learn RAG-Related Tasks From the Environment Feedback
398. ICLR 2025Solving hidden monotone variational inequalities with surrogate losses
399. ICLR 2025SOO-Bench: Benchmarks for Evaluating the Stability of Offline Black-Box Optimization
400. ICLR 2025Sparse Autoencoders Reveal Temporal Difference Learning in Large Language Models

FAQ

How many Reinforcement Learning papers were published at NeurIPS, ICLR, ICML and CVPR from 2023 to 2026?

6,885 in total: 1,070 in 2023, 1,190 in 2024, 1,640 in 2025, 2,985 in 2026.

How many Reinforcement Learning papers are at NeurIPS 2026?

NeurIPS 2026 has 760 Reinforcement Learning papers, versus 784 the year before.

How many Reinforcement Learning papers are at ICLR 2026?

ICLR 2026 has 911 Reinforcement Learning papers, versus 379 the year before.

How many Reinforcement Learning papers are at ICML 2026?

ICML 2026 has 1,021 Reinforcement Learning papers, versus 405 the year before.

How many Reinforcement Learning papers are at CVPR 2026?

CVPR 2026 has 293 Reinforcement Learning papers, versus 72 the year before.

Which conference publishes the most Reinforcement Learning papers?

NeurIPS, with 2,494 papers from 2023 to 2026.