Reinforcement Learning papers, 2023–2026

Key findings

• Reinforcement Learning went from 1,070 papers in 2023 to 2,985 in 2026, roughly 2.8x in three years.
• NeurIPS publishes the most Reinforcement Learning work: 2,494 papers from 2023 to 2026, 36% of the four-venue total.
• The fastest-growing overlap is with Reasoning Models: papers tagged with both rose from 9 in 2023 to 437 in 2026.

Representative papers

Spread across years and venues so every edition shows up

• NeurIPS 2026\texttt{FEROM}: Frontier Endogenous Reveal-Order Marginal Policy Optimization for Masked Diffusion LMs
• ICML 2026$\text{DT}^\text{2}$: Decision-Targeted Digital Twins
• ICLR 2026$\nabla$-Reasoner: LLM Reasoning via Test-Time Gradient Descent in Textual Space
• CVPR 2026A Causal Marriage between VLM and IRM from Understanding to
• NeurIPS 2025$\texttt{G1}$: Teaching LLMs to Reason on Graphs with Reinforcement Learning
• ICML 2025A Computationally Efficient Algorithm for Infinite-Horizon Average-Reward Linear MDPs
• ICLR 2025$\phi$-Update: A Class of Policy Update Methods with Policy Convergence Guarantee
• CVPR 2025All-Optical Nonlinear Diffractive Deep Network for Ultrafast Image Denoising
• NeurIPS 2024A Critical Evaluation of AI Feedback for Aligning Large Language Models
• ICML 2024${\rm E}(3)$-Equivariant Actor-Critic Methods for Cooperative Multi-Agent Reinforcement Learning
• ICLR 2024A Black-box Approach for Non-stationary Multi-agent Reinforcement Learning
• CVPR 2024DMR: Decomposed Multi-Modality Representations for Frames and Events Fusion in Visual Reinforcement Learning
• NeurIPS 2023“Why Not Looking backward?” A Robust Two-Step Method to Automatically Terminate Bayesian Optimization
• ICML 2023A Connection between One-Step RL and Critic Regularization in Reinforcement Learning
• ICLR 2023$O(T^{-1})$ Convergence of Optimistic-Follow-the-Regularized-Leader in Two-Player Zero-Sum Markov Games
• CVPR 2023"Seeing" Electric Network Frequency From Events
• NeurIPS 2026$\varphi$TD: Distributional Reinforcement Learning using Characteristic Functions
• ICML 2026$\textit{S}$-SPPO: Semantic-Calibrated Self-Play Preference Optimization
• ICLR 2026$AutoDrive\text{-}P^3$: Unified Chain of Perception–Prediction–Planning Thought via Reinforcement Fine-Tuning
• CVPR 2026AdaptVision Efficient Vision-Language Models via Adaptive Visual Acquisition

All Reinforcement Learning papers

466 papers, page 8 of 10

351. NeurIPS 2024Reinforcement Learning with Euclidean Data Augmentation for State-Based Continuous Control
352. NeurIPS 2024Reinforcement Learning with Lookahead Information
353. NeurIPS 2024Reinforcement Learning with LTL and $\omega$-Regular Objectives via Optimality-Preserving Translation to Average Rewards
354. NeurIPS 2024Reinforcing LLM Agents via Policy Optimization with Action Decomposition
355. NeurIPS 2024Relating Hopfield Networks to Episodic Control
356. NeurIPS 2024ReST-MCTS*: LLM Self-Training via Process Reward Guided Tree Search
357. NeurIPS 2024Rethinking Exploration in Reinforcement Learning with Effective Metric-Based Exploration Bonus
358. NeurIPS 2024Rethinking Inverse Reinforcement Learning: from Data Alignment to Task Alignment
359. NeurIPS 2024Rethinking Model-based, Policy-based, and Value-based Reinforcement Learning via the Lens of Representation Complexity
360. NeurIPS 2024Rethinking Optimal Transport in Offline Reinforcement Learning
361. NeurIPS 2024Reward Machines for Deep RL in Noisy and Uncertain Environments
362. NeurIPS 2024RGMDT: Return-Gap-Minimizing Decision Tree Extraction in Non-Euclidean Metric Space
363. NeurIPS 2024Risk-Averse Fine-tuning of Large Language Models
364. NeurIPS 2024Risk-sensitive control as inference with Rényi divergence
365. NeurIPS 2024RL in Latent MDPs is Tractable: Online Guarantees via Off-Policy Evaluation
366. NeurIPS 2024RL on Incorrect Synthetic Data Scales the Efficiency of LLM Math Reasoning by Eight-Fold
367. NeurIPS 2024RL-GPT: Integrating Reinforcement Learning and Code-as-policy
368. NeurIPS 2024Robot Policy Learning with Temporal Optimal Transport Reward
369. NeurIPS 2024Robust Reinforcement Learning from Corrupted Human Feedback
370. NeurIPS 2024Robust Reinforcement Learning with General Utility
371. NeurIPS 2024ROIDICE: Offline Return on Investment Maximization for Efficient Decision Making
372. NeurIPS 2024RoME: A Robust Mixed-Effects Bandit Algorithm for Optimizing Mobile Health Interventions
373. NeurIPS 2024Rule Based Rewards for Language Model Safety
374. NeurIPS 2024Safe and Efficient: A Primal-Dual Method for Offline Convex CMDPs under Partial Data Coverage
375. NeurIPS 2024Safety through feedback in Constrained RL
376. NeurIPS 2024Sample Complexity Reduction via Policy Difference Estimation in Tabular Reinforcement Learning
377. NeurIPS 2024Sample-Efficient Agnostic Boosting
378. NeurIPS 2024Sample-Efficient Constrained Reinforcement Learning with General Parameterization
379. NeurIPS 2024SCAFFLSA: Taming Heterogeneity in Federated Linear Stochastic Approximation and TD Learning
380. NeurIPS 2024Scalable and Effective Arithmetic Tree Generation for Adder and Multiplier Designs
381. NeurIPS 2024Scalable Constrained Policy Optimization for Safe Multi-agent Reinforcement Learning
382. NeurIPS 2024Scaling Laws for Reward Model Overoptimization in Direct Alignment Algorithms
383. NeurIPS 2024SCaR: Refining Skill Chaining for Long-Horizon Robotic Manipulation via Dual Regularization
384. NeurIPS 2024SeeA*: Efficient Exploration-Enhanced A* Search by Selective Sampling
385. NeurIPS 2024Seek Commonality but Preserve Differences: Dissected Dynamics Modeling for Multi-modal Visual RL
386. NeurIPS 2024Self-Play Fine-tuning of Diffusion Models for Text-to-image Generation
387. NeurIPS 2024Self-playing Adversarial Language Game Enhances LLM Reasoning
388. NeurIPS 2024Sequential Decision Making with Expert Demonstrations under Unobserved Heterogeneity
389. NeurIPS 2024Shared Autonomy with IDA: Interventional Diffusion Assistance
390. NeurIPS 2024Simplifying Constraint Inference with Inverse Reinforcement Learning
391. NeurIPS 2024Simplifying Latent Dynamics with Softly State-Invariant World Models
392. NeurIPS 2024SimPO: Simple Preference Optimization with a Reference-Free Reward
393. NeurIPS 2024SkiLD: Unsupervised Skill Discovery Guided by Factor Interactions
394. NeurIPS 2024Skill-aware Mutual Information Optimisation for Zero-shot Generalisation in Reinforcement Learning
395. NeurIPS 2024SleeperNets: Universal Backdoor Poisoning Attacks Against Reinforcement Learning Agents
396. NeurIPS 2024Solving Minimum-Cost Reach Avoid using Reinforcement Learning
397. NeurIPS 2024Solving Zero-Sum Markov Games with Continuous State via Spectral Dynamic Embedding
398. NeurIPS 2024Span-Based Optimal Sample Complexity for Weakly Communicating and General Average Reward MDPs
399. NeurIPS 2024Speaking Your Language: Spatial Relationships in Interpretable Emergent Communication
400. NeurIPS 2024Spectral-Risk Safe Reinforcement Learning with Convergence Guarantees

FAQ

How many Reinforcement Learning papers were published at NeurIPS, ICLR, ICML and CVPR from 2023 to 2026?

6,885 in total: 1,070 in 2023, 1,190 in 2024, 1,640 in 2025, 2,985 in 2026.

How many Reinforcement Learning papers are at NeurIPS 2026?

NeurIPS 2026 has 760 Reinforcement Learning papers, versus 784 the year before.

How many Reinforcement Learning papers are at ICLR 2026?

ICLR 2026 has 911 Reinforcement Learning papers, versus 379 the year before.

How many Reinforcement Learning papers are at ICML 2026?

ICML 2026 has 1,021 Reinforcement Learning papers, versus 405 the year before.

How many Reinforcement Learning papers are at CVPR 2026?

CVPR 2026 has 293 Reinforcement Learning papers, versus 72 the year before.

Which conference publishes the most Reinforcement Learning papers?

NeurIPS, with 2,494 papers from 2023 to 2026.