Reinforcement Learning papers, 2023–2026

Key findings

• Reinforcement Learning went from 1,070 papers in 2023 to 2,985 in 2026, roughly 2.8x in three years.
• NeurIPS publishes the most Reinforcement Learning work: 2,494 papers from 2023 to 2026, 36% of the four-venue total.
• The fastest-growing overlap is with Reasoning Models: papers tagged with both rose from 9 in 2023 to 437 in 2026.

Representative papers

Spread across years and venues so every edition shows up

• NeurIPS 2026\texttt{FEROM}: Frontier Endogenous Reveal-Order Marginal Policy Optimization for Masked Diffusion LMs
• ICML 2026$\text{DT}^\text{2}$: Decision-Targeted Digital Twins
• ICLR 2026$\nabla$-Reasoner: LLM Reasoning via Test-Time Gradient Descent in Textual Space
• CVPR 2026A Causal Marriage between VLM and IRM from Understanding to
• NeurIPS 2025$\texttt{G1}$: Teaching LLMs to Reason on Graphs with Reinforcement Learning
• ICML 2025A Computationally Efficient Algorithm for Infinite-Horizon Average-Reward Linear MDPs
• ICLR 2025$\phi$-Update: A Class of Policy Update Methods with Policy Convergence Guarantee
• CVPR 2025All-Optical Nonlinear Diffractive Deep Network for Ultrafast Image Denoising
• NeurIPS 2024A Critical Evaluation of AI Feedback for Aligning Large Language Models
• ICML 2024${\rm E}(3)$-Equivariant Actor-Critic Methods for Cooperative Multi-Agent Reinforcement Learning
• ICLR 2024A Black-box Approach for Non-stationary Multi-agent Reinforcement Learning
• CVPR 2024DMR: Decomposed Multi-Modality Representations for Frames and Events Fusion in Visual Reinforcement Learning
• NeurIPS 2023“Why Not Looking backward?” A Robust Two-Step Method to Automatically Terminate Bayesian Optimization
• ICML 2023A Connection between One-Step RL and Critic Regularization in Reinforcement Learning
• ICLR 2023$O(T^{-1})$ Convergence of Optimistic-Follow-the-Regularized-Leader in Two-Player Zero-Sum Markov Games
• CVPR 2023"Seeing" Electric Network Frequency From Events
• NeurIPS 2026$\varphi$TD: Distributional Reinforcement Learning using Characteristic Functions
• ICML 2026$\textit{S}$-SPPO: Semantic-Calibrated Self-Play Preference Optimization
• ICLR 2026$AutoDrive\text{-}P^3$: Unified Chain of Perception–Prediction–Planning Thought via Reinforcement Fine-Tuning
• CVPR 2026AdaptVision Efficient Vision-Language Models via Adaptive Visual Acquisition

All Reinforcement Learning papers

1,021 papers, page 8 of 21

351. ICML 2026GenAlign: Towards Unified Alignment Framework of MLLMs via Generative Reward Model
352. ICML 2026GenCircuit-RL: Reinforcement Learning from Hierarchical Verification for Genetic Circuit Design
353. ICML 2026Generative Online Reinforcement Learning
354. ICML 2026GeoAlign: Geometric Rollout Curation for Robust LLM Reinforcement Learning
355. ICML 2026Geometric Coherence Learning for Structuring Value Functions in Plain MDPs
356. ICML 2026Geometric Control of Out-of-Distribution Shift in Safe Offline RL
357. ICML 2026Geometry-Preserving Orthonormal Initialization for Low-Rank Adaptation in RLVR
358. ICML 2026GIPO: Gaussian Importance Sampling Policy Optimization
359. ICML 2026GLARE: Scalable Neuro-Symbolic Reward Shaping for LLM Agents via Group-Level Automata
360. ICML 2026Global Policy-Space Response Oracles for Two-Player Zero-Sum Games
361. ICML 2026Goal-Conditioned Agents that Learn Everything All at Once
362. ICML 2026Golden Goose: A Simple Trick to Synthesize Unlimited RLVR Tasks from Unverifiable Internet Text
363. ICML 2026Good SFT Optimizes for SFT, Better SFT Prepares for Reinforcement Learning
364. ICML 2026Gradient Regularization Mitigates Reward Hacking in Reinforcement Learning from Human Feedback and Verifiable Rewards
365. ICML 2026Gradient-Aware Scheduling: Coupling Curriculum and Staleness for Async Reinforcement Learning
366. ICML 2026Gradient-Free Approaches is a Key to an Efficient Interaction with Markovian Stochasticity
367. ICML 2026GradientStabilizer: Fix the Norm, Not the Gradient
368. ICML 2026Graph-GRPO: Training Graph Flow Models with Reinforcement Learning
369. ICML 2026Graph-R1: Towards Agentic GraphRAG Framework via End-to-end Reinforcement Learning
370. ICML 2026GRASP: Graph Reasoning via Agentic Solving and Probing of LLMs
371. ICML 2026Grounded in Reality: Learning and Deploying Proactive LLM from Offline Logs
372. ICML 2026Grounding Multi-Hop Reasoning in Structural Causal Models via Group Relative Policy Optimization
373. ICML 2026Group Distributionally Robust Optimization-Driven RL for LLM Reasoning
374. ICML 2026GRPO is Secretly a Process Reward Model
375. ICML 2026GRPO-based Cluster Decision Agent for Unknown-$\boldsymbol{K}$ Multi-view Clustering
376. ICML 2026GTPO and GRPO-S: Token and Sequence-Level Reward Shaping with Policy Entropy
377. ICML 2026GUI-Spotlight: Adaptive Iterative Focus Refinement for Enhanced GUI Visual Grounding
378. ICML 2026GXPO: Group Cross-Lingual Relative Policy Optimization for Code Generation
379. ICML 2026Hard labels sampled from sparse targets mislead rotation invariant algorithms
380. ICML 2026Harmonized Dual Policy Improvement for Modelic Reinforcement Learning
381. ICML 2026Harnessing Uncertainty: Entropy-Modulated Policy Gradients for Long-Horizon LLM Agents
382. ICML 2026HiDe: Rethinking The Zoom-IN method in High Resolution MLLMs via Hierarchical Decoupling
383. ICML 2026Hierarchical Decision Making with Structured Policies: A Principled Design via Inverse Optimization
384. ICML 2026Hierarchical Goal Abstractions via Learned Subset Relations
385. ICML 2026Hierarchical Reinforcement Learning for Sparse-Reward Search in Commutative Algebra
386. ICML 2026Hierarchical Successor Representation for Robust Transfer
387. ICML 2026HiMAP-Travel: Hierarchical Multi-Agent Planning for Long-Horizon Constrained Travel
388. ICML 2026HiPER: Hierarchical Plan–Execute RL for Multi-Turn LLM Agents
389. ICML 2026Hista and Numca: Estimate State Value Effectively for Large Language Model Reinforcement Learning
390. ICML 2026HodgeFlow Policy Search by Topologically Dissecting Temporal-Difference Signals in Non-Markovian Environments
391. ICML 2026HoloFair: Unified T2I Fairness Evaluation and Fair-GRPO Debiasing
392. ICML 2026Holonomy Grid Codes for Generalisation Under Directed Actions
393. ICML 2026How Does Reasoning Flow? Tracing Attention-Induced Information Flow for Targeted RL in LLMs
394. ICML 2026How Does the Lagrangian Guide Safe Reinforcement Learning through Diffusion Models?
395. ICML 2026How Reasoning Evolves from Post-Training Data: An Empirical Study Using Chess
396. ICML 2026How RL Unlocks the Aha Moment in Geometric Interleaved Reasoning
397. ICML 2026How RLHF Amplifies Sycophancy
398. ICML 2026How to Train Your Advisor: Steering Black-Box LLMs with Advisor Models
399. ICML 2026HPS: Hyperspherical Parameter Sharing for Efficient Multi-Agent Reinforcement Learning
400. ICML 2026HTAC: Hierarchical Task-Aware Composition for Continual Offline Reinforcement Learning

FAQ

How many Reinforcement Learning papers were published at NeurIPS, ICLR, ICML and CVPR from 2023 to 2026?

6,885 in total: 1,070 in 2023, 1,190 in 2024, 1,640 in 2025, 2,985 in 2026.

How many Reinforcement Learning papers are at NeurIPS 2026?

NeurIPS 2026 has 760 Reinforcement Learning papers, versus 784 the year before.

How many Reinforcement Learning papers are at ICLR 2026?

ICLR 2026 has 911 Reinforcement Learning papers, versus 379 the year before.

How many Reinforcement Learning papers are at ICML 2026?

ICML 2026 has 1,021 Reinforcement Learning papers, versus 405 the year before.

How many Reinforcement Learning papers are at CVPR 2026?

CVPR 2026 has 293 Reinforcement Learning papers, versus 72 the year before.

Which conference publishes the most Reinforcement Learning papers?

NeurIPS, with 2,494 papers from 2023 to 2026.