Reinforcement Learning papers, 2023–2026

Key findings

• Reinforcement Learning went from 1,070 papers in 2023 to 2,985 in 2026, roughly 2.8x in three years.
• NeurIPS publishes the most Reinforcement Learning work: 2,494 papers from 2023 to 2026, 36% of the four-venue total.
• The fastest-growing overlap is with Reasoning Models: papers tagged with both rose from 9 in 2023 to 437 in 2026.

Representative papers

Spread across years and venues so every edition shows up

• NeurIPS 2026\texttt{FEROM}: Frontier Endogenous Reveal-Order Marginal Policy Optimization for Masked Diffusion LMs
• ICML 2026$\text{DT}^\text{2}$: Decision-Targeted Digital Twins
• ICLR 2026$\nabla$-Reasoner: LLM Reasoning via Test-Time Gradient Descent in Textual Space
• CVPR 2026A Causal Marriage between VLM and IRM from Understanding to
• NeurIPS 2025$\texttt{G1}$: Teaching LLMs to Reason on Graphs with Reinforcement Learning
• ICML 2025A Computationally Efficient Algorithm for Infinite-Horizon Average-Reward Linear MDPs
• ICLR 2025$\phi$-Update: A Class of Policy Update Methods with Policy Convergence Guarantee
• CVPR 2025All-Optical Nonlinear Diffractive Deep Network for Ultrafast Image Denoising
• NeurIPS 2024A Critical Evaluation of AI Feedback for Aligning Large Language Models
• ICML 2024${\rm E}(3)$-Equivariant Actor-Critic Methods for Cooperative Multi-Agent Reinforcement Learning
• ICLR 2024A Black-box Approach for Non-stationary Multi-agent Reinforcement Learning
• CVPR 2024DMR: Decomposed Multi-Modality Representations for Frames and Events Fusion in Visual Reinforcement Learning
• NeurIPS 2023“Why Not Looking backward?” A Robust Two-Step Method to Automatically Terminate Bayesian Optimization
• ICML 2023A Connection between One-Step RL and Critic Regularization in Reinforcement Learning
• ICLR 2023$O(T^{-1})$ Convergence of Optimistic-Follow-the-Regularized-Leader in Two-Player Zero-Sum Markov Games
• CVPR 2023"Seeing" Electric Network Frequency From Events
• NeurIPS 2026$\varphi$TD: Distributional Reinforcement Learning using Characteristic Functions
• ICML 2026$\textit{S}$-SPPO: Semantic-Calibrated Self-Play Preference Optimization
• ICLR 2026$AutoDrive\text{-}P^3$: Unified Chain of Perception–Prediction–Planning Thought via Reinforcement Fine-Tuning
• CVPR 2026AdaptVision Efficient Vision-Language Models via Adaptive Visual Acquisition

All Reinforcement Learning papers

784 papers, page 7 of 16

301. NeurIPS 2025Incentivizing LLMs to Self-Verify Their Answers
302. NeurIPS 2025Incentivizing Reasoning for Advanced Instruction-Following of Large Language Models
303. NeurIPS 2025Incremental Sequence Classification with Temporal Consistency
304. NeurIPS 2025Information-Theoretic Reward Decomposition for Generalizable RLHF
305. NeurIPS 2025Interactive and Hybrid Imitation Learning: Provably Beating Behavior Cloning
306. NeurIPS 2025InterMT: Multi-Turn Interleaved Preference Alignment with Human Feedback
307. NeurIPS 2025Intrinsic Benefits of Categorical Distributional Loss: Uncertainty-aware Regularized Exploration in Reinforcement Learning
308. NeurIPS 2025Intrinsic Goals for Autonomous Agents: Model-Based Exploration in Virtual Zebrafish Predicts Ethological Behavior and Whole-Brain Dynamics
309. NeurIPS 2025Inverse Optimization Latent Variable Models for Learning Costs Applied to Route Problems
310. NeurIPS 2025IOSTOM: Offline Imitation Learning from Observations via State Transition Occupancy Matching
311. NeurIPS 2025Is PRM Necessary? Problem-Solving RL Implicitly Induces PRM Capability in LLMs
312. NeurIPS 2025Iterative Foundation Model Fine-Tuning on Multiple Rewards
313. NeurIPS 2025Iterative Tool Usage Exploration for Multimodal Agents via Step-wise Preference Tuning
314. NeurIPS 2025Janus-Pro-R1: Advancing Collaborative Visual Comprehension and Generation via Reinforcement Learning
315. NeurIPS 2025KeeA*: Epistemic Exploratory A* Search via Knowledge Calibration
316. NeurIPS 2025Kernel conditional tests from learning-theoretic bounds
317. NeurIPS 2025Kinaema: a recurrent sequence model for memory and pose in motion
318. NeurIPS 2025KL Penalty Control via Perturbation for Direct Preference Optimization
319. NeurIPS 2025KL-Regularized RLHF with Multiple Reference Models: Exact Solutions and Sample Complexity
320. NeurIPS 2025Knot So Simple: A Minimalistic Environment for Spatial Reasoning
321. NeurIPS 2025Knowledge-based Visual Question Answer with Multimodal Processing, Retrieval and Filtering
322. NeurIPS 2025KORGym: A Dynamic Game Platform for LLM Reasoning Evaluation
323. NeurIPS 2025KTAE: A Model-Free Algorithm to Key-Tokens Advantage Estimation in Mathematical Reasoning
324. NeurIPS 2025KungfuBot: Physics-Based Humanoid Whole-Body Control for Learning Highly-Dynamic Skills
325. NeurIPS 2025LaRes: Evolutionary Reinforcement Learning with LLM-based Adaptive Reward Search
326. NeurIPS 2025Large Language Models as End-to-end Combinatorial Optimization Solvers
327. NeurIPS 2025Large language models can learn and generalize steganographic chain-of-thought under process supervision
328. NeurIPS 2025Latent Chain-of-Thought for Visual Reasoning
329. NeurIPS 2025Latent Mixture of Symmetries for Sample-Efficient Dynamic Learning
330. NeurIPS 2025LC-Opt: Benchmarking Reinforcement Learning and Agentic AI for End-to-End Liquid Cooling Optimization in Data Centers
331. NeurIPS 2025Learning and Planning Multi-Agent Tasks via an MoE-based World Model
332. NeurIPS 2025Learning Dense Hand Contact Estimation from Imbalanced Data
333. NeurIPS 2025Learning Equilibria from Data: Provably Efficient Multi-Agent Imitation Learning
334. NeurIPS 2025Learning from A Single Markovian Trajectory: Optimality and Variance Reduction
335. NeurIPS 2025Learning from Demonstrations via Capability-Aware Goal Sampling
336. NeurIPS 2025Learning from Reward-Free Offline Data: A Case for Planning with Latent Dynamics Models
337. NeurIPS 2025Learning Human-Like RL Agents Through Trajectory Optimization With Action Quantization
338. NeurIPS 2025Learning in Stackelberg Mean Field Games: A Non-Asymptotic Analysis
339. NeurIPS 2025Learning Interactive World Model for Object-Centric Reinforcement Learning
340. NeurIPS 2025Learning Interestingness in Automated Mathematical Theory Formation
341. NeurIPS 2025Learning Intractable Multimodal Policies with Reparameterization and Diversity Regularization
342. NeurIPS 2025Learning Memory-Enhanced Improvement Heuristics for Flexible Job Shop Scheduling
343. NeurIPS 2025Learning Parameterized Skills from Demonstrations
344. NeurIPS 2025Learning Personalized Ad Impact via Contextual Reinforcement Learning under Delayed Rewards
345. NeurIPS 2025Learning Preferences without Interaction for Cooperative AI: A Hybrid Offline-Online Approach
346. NeurIPS 2025Learning to Better Search with Language Models via Guided Reinforced Self-Training
347. NeurIPS 2025Learning to Clean: Reinforcement Learning for Noisy Label Correction
348. NeurIPS 2025Learning to Control Free-Form Soft Swimmers
349. NeurIPS 2025Learning to Plan Like the Human Brain via Visuospatial Perception and Semantic-Episodic Synergistic Decision-Making
350. NeurIPS 2025Learning to Reason under Off-Policy Guidance

FAQ

How many Reinforcement Learning papers were published at NeurIPS, ICLR, ICML and CVPR from 2023 to 2026?

6,885 in total: 1,070 in 2023, 1,190 in 2024, 1,640 in 2025, 2,985 in 2026.

How many Reinforcement Learning papers are at NeurIPS 2026?

NeurIPS 2026 has 760 Reinforcement Learning papers, versus 784 the year before.

How many Reinforcement Learning papers are at ICLR 2026?

ICLR 2026 has 911 Reinforcement Learning papers, versus 379 the year before.

How many Reinforcement Learning papers are at ICML 2026?

ICML 2026 has 1,021 Reinforcement Learning papers, versus 405 the year before.

How many Reinforcement Learning papers are at CVPR 2026?

CVPR 2026 has 293 Reinforcement Learning papers, versus 72 the year before.

Which conference publishes the most Reinforcement Learning papers?

NeurIPS, with 2,494 papers from 2023 to 2026.