Reinforcement Learning papers, 2023–2026

Key findings

• Reinforcement Learning went from 1,070 papers in 2023 to 2,985 in 2026, roughly 2.8x in three years.
• NeurIPS publishes the most Reinforcement Learning work: 2,494 papers from 2023 to 2026, 36% of the four-venue total.
• The fastest-growing overlap is with Reasoning Models: papers tagged with both rose from 9 in 2023 to 437 in 2026.

Representative papers

Spread across years and venues so every edition shows up

• NeurIPS 2026\texttt{FEROM}: Frontier Endogenous Reveal-Order Marginal Policy Optimization for Masked Diffusion LMs
• ICML 2026$\text{DT}^\text{2}$: Decision-Targeted Digital Twins
• ICLR 2026$\nabla$-Reasoner: LLM Reasoning via Test-Time Gradient Descent in Textual Space
• CVPR 2026A Causal Marriage between VLM and IRM from Understanding to
• NeurIPS 2025$\texttt{G1}$: Teaching LLMs to Reason on Graphs with Reinforcement Learning
• ICML 2025A Computationally Efficient Algorithm for Infinite-Horizon Average-Reward Linear MDPs
• ICLR 2025$\phi$-Update: A Class of Policy Update Methods with Policy Convergence Guarantee
• CVPR 2025All-Optical Nonlinear Diffractive Deep Network for Ultrafast Image Denoising
• NeurIPS 2024A Critical Evaluation of AI Feedback for Aligning Large Language Models
• ICML 2024${\rm E}(3)$-Equivariant Actor-Critic Methods for Cooperative Multi-Agent Reinforcement Learning
• ICLR 2024A Black-box Approach for Non-stationary Multi-agent Reinforcement Learning
• CVPR 2024DMR: Decomposed Multi-Modality Representations for Frames and Events Fusion in Visual Reinforcement Learning
• NeurIPS 2023“Why Not Looking backward?” A Robust Two-Step Method to Automatically Terminate Bayesian Optimization
• ICML 2023A Connection between One-Step RL and Critic Regularization in Reinforcement Learning
• ICLR 2023$O(T^{-1})$ Convergence of Optimistic-Follow-the-Regularized-Leader in Two-Player Zero-Sum Markov Games
• CVPR 2023"Seeing" Electric Network Frequency From Events
• NeurIPS 2026$\varphi$TD: Distributional Reinforcement Learning using Characteristic Functions
• ICML 2026$\textit{S}$-SPPO: Semantic-Calibrated Self-Play Preference Optimization
• ICLR 2026$AutoDrive\text{-}P^3$: Unified Chain of Perception–Prediction–Planning Thought via Reinforcement Fine-Tuning
• CVPR 2026AdaptVision Efficient Vision-Language Models via Adaptive Visual Acquisition

All Reinforcement Learning papers

405 papers, page 7 of 9

301. ICML 2025REINFORCE Adversarial Attacks on Large Language Models: An Adaptive, Distributional, and Semantic Objective
302. ICML 2025Reinforce LLM Reasoning through Multi-Agent Reflection
303. ICML 2025Reinforced Learning Explicit Circuit Representations for Quantum State Characterization from Local Measurements
304. ICML 2025Reinforced Lifelong Editing for Language Models
305. ICML 2025Reinforcement Learning Control of a Physical Robot Device for Assisted Human Walking without a Simulator
306. ICML 2025Reinforcement Learning for Quantum Control under Physical Constraints
307. ICML 2025Reinforcement Learning with Adaptive Reward Modeling for Expensive-to-Evaluate Systems
308. ICML 2025Reinforcement Learning with Random Time Horizons
309. ICML 2025Reinforcement Learning with Segment Feedback
310. ICML 2025Rejecting Hallucinated State Targets during Planning
311. ICML 2025Rethinking the Stability-Plasticity Trade-off in Continual Learning from an Architectural Perspective
312. ICML 2025Return Capping: Sample Efficient CVaR Policy Gradient Optimisation
313. ICML 2025ReVISE: Learning to Refine at Test-Time via Intrinsic Self-Verification
314. ICML 2025Revisiting Cooperative Off-Policy Multi-Agent Reinforcement Learning
315. ICML 2025Revisiting Non-Acyclic GFlowNets in Discrete Environments
316. ICML 2025Reward Translation via Reward Machine in Semi-Alignable MDPs
317. ICML 2025Reward-free World Models for Online Imitation Learning
318. ICML 2025Reward-Guided Prompt Evolving in Reinforcement Learning for LLMs
319. ICML 2025Risk-Sensitive Theory of Mind: Coordinating with Agents of Unknown Bias using Cumulative Prospect Theory
320. ICML 2025RLEF: Grounding Code LLMs in Execution Feedback with Reinforcement Learning
321. ICML 2025RLTHF: Targeted Human Feedback for LLM Alignment
322. ICML 2025Robot-Gated Interactive Imitation Learning with Adaptive Intervention Mechanism
323. ICML 2025Robust Autonomy Emerges from Self-Play
324. ICML 2025Robust Multi-Agent Reinforcement Learning with Stochastic Adversary
325. ICML 2025Robust Multimodal Large Language Models Against Modality Conflict
326. ICML 2025Robust Noise Attenuation via Adaptive Pooling of Transformer Outputs
327. ICML 2025Robust Offline Reinforcement Learning with Linearly Structured $f$-Divergence Regularization
328. ICML 2025Robust Reward Alignment via Hypothesis Space Batch Cutting
329. ICML 2025RobustLight: Improving Robustness via Diffusion Reinforcement Learning for Traffic Signal Control
330. ICML 2025RobustZero: Enhancing MuZero Reinforcement Learning Robustness to State Perturbations
331. ICML 2025RuleAdapter: Dynamic Rules for training Safety Reward Models in RLHF
332. ICML 2025Sable: a Performant, Efficient and Scalable Sequence Model for MARL
333. ICML 2025Safe-EF: Error Feedback for Non-smooth Constrained Optimization
334. ICML 2025Safety Certificate against Latent Variables with Partially Unidentifiable Dynamics
335. ICML 2025Safety-Polarized and Prioritized Reinforcement Learning
336. ICML 2025Sample Complexity of Distributionally Robust Off-Dynamics Reinforcement Learning with Online Interaction
337. ICML 2025Sample-Optimal Agnostic Boosting with Unlabeled Data
338. ICML 2025Sampling from Binary Quadratic Distributions via Stochastic Localization
339. ICML 2025Satori: Reinforcement Learning with Chain-of-Action-Thought Enhances LLM Reasoning via Autoregressive Search
340. ICML 2025Scaling Test-Time Compute Without Verification or RL is Suboptimal
341. ICML 2025Scaling Value Iteration Networks to 5000 Layers for Extreme Long-Term Planning
342. ICML 2025Score as Action: Fine Tuning Diffusion Generative Models by Continuous-time Reinforcement Learning
343. ICML 2025Score-Based Diffusion Policy Compatible with Reinforcement Learning via Optimal Transport
344. ICML 2025Self-Supervised Transformers as Iterative Solution Improvers for Constraint Satisfaction
345. ICML 2025SENSEI: Semantic Exploration Guided by Foundation Models to Learn Versatile World Models
346. ICML 2025SFT Memorizes, RL Generalizes: A Comparative Study of Foundation Model Post-training
347. ICML 2025Simple Policy Optimization
348. ICML 2025Sleeping Reinforcement Learning
349. ICML 2025Sliding Puzzles Gym: A Scalable Benchmark for State Representation in Visual Reinforcement Learning
350. ICML 2025SOLD: Slot Object-Centric Latent Dynamics Models for Relational Manipulation Learning from Pixels

FAQ

How many Reinforcement Learning papers were published at NeurIPS, ICLR, ICML and CVPR from 2023 to 2026?

6,885 in total: 1,070 in 2023, 1,190 in 2024, 1,640 in 2025, 2,985 in 2026.

How many Reinforcement Learning papers are at NeurIPS 2026?

NeurIPS 2026 has 760 Reinforcement Learning papers, versus 784 the year before.

How many Reinforcement Learning papers are at ICLR 2026?

ICLR 2026 has 911 Reinforcement Learning papers, versus 379 the year before.

How many Reinforcement Learning papers are at ICML 2026?

ICML 2026 has 1,021 Reinforcement Learning papers, versus 405 the year before.

How many Reinforcement Learning papers are at CVPR 2026?

CVPR 2026 has 293 Reinforcement Learning papers, versus 72 the year before.

Which conference publishes the most Reinforcement Learning papers?

NeurIPS, with 2,494 papers from 2023 to 2026.