Reinforcement Learning papers, 2023–2026

Key findings

• Reinforcement Learning went from 1,070 papers in 2023 to 2,985 in 2026, roughly 2.8x in three years.
• NeurIPS publishes the most Reinforcement Learning work: 2,494 papers from 2023 to 2026, 36% of the four-venue total.
• The fastest-growing overlap is with Reasoning Models: papers tagged with both rose from 9 in 2023 to 437 in 2026.

Representative papers

Spread across years and venues so every edition shows up

• NeurIPS 2026\texttt{FEROM}: Frontier Endogenous Reveal-Order Marginal Policy Optimization for Masked Diffusion LMs
• ICML 2026$\text{DT}^\text{2}$: Decision-Targeted Digital Twins
• ICLR 2026$\nabla$-Reasoner: LLM Reasoning via Test-Time Gradient Descent in Textual Space
• CVPR 2026A Causal Marriage between VLM and IRM from Understanding to
• NeurIPS 2025$\texttt{G1}$: Teaching LLMs to Reason on Graphs with Reinforcement Learning
• ICML 2025A Computationally Efficient Algorithm for Infinite-Horizon Average-Reward Linear MDPs
• ICLR 2025$\phi$-Update: A Class of Policy Update Methods with Policy Convergence Guarantee
• CVPR 2025All-Optical Nonlinear Diffractive Deep Network for Ultrafast Image Denoising
• NeurIPS 2024A Critical Evaluation of AI Feedback for Aligning Large Language Models
• ICML 2024${\rm E}(3)$-Equivariant Actor-Critic Methods for Cooperative Multi-Agent Reinforcement Learning
• ICLR 2024A Black-box Approach for Non-stationary Multi-agent Reinforcement Learning
• CVPR 2024DMR: Decomposed Multi-Modality Representations for Frames and Events Fusion in Visual Reinforcement Learning
• NeurIPS 2023“Why Not Looking backward?” A Robust Two-Step Method to Automatically Terminate Bayesian Optimization
• ICML 2023A Connection between One-Step RL and Critic Regularization in Reinforcement Learning
• ICLR 2023$O(T^{-1})$ Convergence of Optimistic-Follow-the-Regularized-Leader in Two-Player Zero-Sum Markov Games
• CVPR 2023"Seeing" Electric Network Frequency From Events
• NeurIPS 2026$\varphi$TD: Distributional Reinforcement Learning using Characteristic Functions
• ICML 2026$\textit{S}$-SPPO: Semantic-Calibrated Self-Play Preference Optimization
• ICLR 2026$AutoDrive\text{-}P^3$: Unified Chain of Perception–Prediction–Planning Thought via Reinforcement Fine-Tuning
• CVPR 2026AdaptVision Efficient Vision-Language Models via Adaptive Visual Acquisition

All Reinforcement Learning papers

1,827 papers, page 7 of 37

301. ICLR 2026Generative Adversarial Post-Training Mitigates Reward Hacking in Live Human-AI Music Interaction
302. ICLR 2026Generative Adversarial Reasoner: Enhancing LLM Reasoning with Adversarial Reinforcement Learning
303. ICLR 2026Geometric-Mean Policy Optimization
304. ICLR 2026Geometry of Uncertainty: Learning Metric Spaces for Multimodal State Estimation in RL
305. ICLR 2026GEPA: Reflective Prompt Evolution Can Outperform Reinforcement Learning
306. ICLR 2026GEPO: Group Expectation Policy Optimization for Stable Heterogeneous Reinforcement Learning
307. ICLR 2026Getting Your LLMs Ready for Reinforcement Learning with Lightweight SFT
308. ICLR 2026Glance and Focus Reinforcement for Pan-cancer Screening
309. ICLR 2026Goal Reaching with Eikonal-Constrained Hierarchical Quasimetric Reinforcement Learning
310. ICLR 2026Goedel-Prover-V2: Scaling Formal Theorem Proving with Scaffolded Data Synthesis and Self-Correction
311. ICLR 2026GoldenStart: Q-Guided Priors and Entropy Control for Distilling Flow Policies
312. ICLR 2026Good allocations from bad estimates
313. ICLR 2026GoT-R1: Unleashing Reasoning Capability of Autoregressive Visual Generation with Reinforcement Learning
314. ICLR 2026GPG: A Simple and Strong Reinforcement Learning Baseline for Model Reasoning
315. ICLR 2026GPS: Directed Acyclic Graph guided Proactive Information Seeking in Large Language Models
316. ICLR 2026GRACE: A Language Model Framework for Explainable Inverse Reinforcement Learning
317. ICLR 2026GRACE: Generative Representation Learning via Contrastive Policy Optimization
318. ICLR 2026Graph-Theoretic Intrinsic Reward: Guiding RL with Effective Resistance
319. ICLR 2026GraphOmni: A Comprehensive and Extensible Benchmark Framework for Large Language Models on Graph-theoretic Tasks
320. ICLR 2026GraphPlanner: Graph-Based Agentic Routing for LLMs
321. ICLR 2026GRL-SNAM: Geometric Reinforcement Learning with Differential Hamiltonians for Navigation and Mapping in Unknown Environments
322. ICLR 2026Grounding Computer Use Agents on Human Demonstrations
323. ICLR 2026Group Critical-token Policy Optimization for Autoregressive Image Generation
324. ICLR 2026Group Verification-based Policy Optimization for Interactive Coding Agents
325. ICLR 2026Group-Normalized Implicit Value Optimization for Language Models
326. ICLR 2026Group-Relative REINFORCE Is Secretly an Off-Policy Algorithm: Demystifying Some Myths About GRPO and Its Friends
327. ICLR 2026GTA1: GUI Test-time Scaling Agent
328. ICLR 2026GUI-Shift: Enhancing VLM-Based GUI Agents through Self-supervised Reinforcement Learning
329. ICLR 2026Guided Flow Policy: Learning from High-Value Actions in Offline Reinforcement Learning
330. ICLR 2026Guided Policy Optimization under Partial Observability
331. ICLR 2026GuirlVG: Incentivize GUI Visual Grounding via Empirical Exploration on Reinforcement Learning
332. ICLR 2026Half-order Fine-Tuning for Diffusion Model: A Recursive Likelihood Ratio Optimizer
333. ICLR 2026Hallucination Begins Where Saliency Drops
334. ICLR 2026Harder Is Better: Boosting Mathematical Reasoning via Difficulty-Aware GRPO and Multi-Aspect Question Reformulation
335. ICLR 2026HARDTESTGEN: A High-Quality RL Verifier Generation Pipeline for LLM Algorithimic Coding
336. ICLR 2026Helix: Evolutionary Reinforcement Learning for Open-Ended Scientific Problem Solving
337. ICLR 2026Heterogeneous Agent Q-weighted Policy Optimization
338. ICLR 2026Hierarchical Entity-centric Reinforcement Learning with Factored Subgoal Diffusion
339. ICLR 2026Hierarchical Value-Decomposed Offline Reinforcement Learning for Whole-Body Control
340. ICLR 2026Hierarchy-of-Groups Policy Optimization for Long-Horizon Agentic Tasks
341. ICLR 2026HiPO: Self-Hint Policy Optimization for RLVR
342. ICLR 2026HiPRAG: Hierarchical Process Rewards for Efficient Agentic Retrieval Augmented Generation
343. ICLR 2026Horizon Imagination: Efficient On-Policy Rollout in Diffusion World Models
344. ICLR 2026How Far Are LLMs from Professional Poker Players? Revisiting Game-Theoretic Reasoning with Agentic Tool Use
345. ICLR 2026How Far Can Unsupervised RLVR Scale LLM Training?
346. ICLR 2026How Many Code and Test Cases Are Enough? Evaluating Test Cases Generation from a Binary-Matrix Perspective
347. ICLR 2026How reinforcement learning after next-token prediction facilitates learning
348. ICLR 2026How to Lose Inherent Counterfactuality in Reinforcement Learning
349. ICLR 2026Human-AI Curation Synergy: Scaling Preference Data Curation via Human-Guided AI Feedback
350. ICLR 2026Human-Object Interaction via Automatically Designed VLM-Guided Motion Policy

FAQ

How many Reinforcement Learning papers were published at NeurIPS, ICLR, ICML and CVPR from 2023 to 2026?

6,885 in total: 1,070 in 2023, 1,190 in 2024, 1,640 in 2025, 2,985 in 2026.

How many Reinforcement Learning papers are at NeurIPS 2026?

NeurIPS 2026 has 760 Reinforcement Learning papers, versus 784 the year before.

How many Reinforcement Learning papers are at ICLR 2026?

ICLR 2026 has 911 Reinforcement Learning papers, versus 379 the year before.

How many Reinforcement Learning papers are at ICML 2026?

ICML 2026 has 1,021 Reinforcement Learning papers, versus 405 the year before.

How many Reinforcement Learning papers are at CVPR 2026?

CVPR 2026 has 293 Reinforcement Learning papers, versus 72 the year before.

Which conference publishes the most Reinforcement Learning papers?

NeurIPS, with 2,494 papers from 2023 to 2026.