Reinforcement Learning papers, 2023–2026

Key findings

• Reinforcement Learning went from 1,070 papers in 2023 to 2,985 in 2026, roughly 2.8x in three years.
• NeurIPS publishes the most Reinforcement Learning work: 2,494 papers from 2023 to 2026, 36% of the four-venue total.
• The fastest-growing overlap is with Reasoning Models: papers tagged with both rose from 9 in 2023 to 437 in 2026.

Representative papers

Spread across years and venues so every edition shows up

• NeurIPS 2026\texttt{FEROM}: Frontier Endogenous Reveal-Order Marginal Policy Optimization for Masked Diffusion LMs
• ICML 2026$\text{DT}^\text{2}$: Decision-Targeted Digital Twins
• ICLR 2026$\nabla$-Reasoner: LLM Reasoning via Test-Time Gradient Descent in Textual Space
• CVPR 2026A Causal Marriage between VLM and IRM from Understanding to
• NeurIPS 2025$\texttt{G1}$: Teaching LLMs to Reason on Graphs with Reinforcement Learning
• ICML 2025A Computationally Efficient Algorithm for Infinite-Horizon Average-Reward Linear MDPs
• ICLR 2025$\phi$-Update: A Class of Policy Update Methods with Policy Convergence Guarantee
• CVPR 2025All-Optical Nonlinear Diffractive Deep Network for Ultrafast Image Denoising
• NeurIPS 2024A Critical Evaluation of AI Feedback for Aligning Large Language Models
• ICML 2024${\rm E}(3)$-Equivariant Actor-Critic Methods for Cooperative Multi-Agent Reinforcement Learning
• ICLR 2024A Black-box Approach for Non-stationary Multi-agent Reinforcement Learning
• CVPR 2024DMR: Decomposed Multi-Modality Representations for Frames and Events Fusion in Visual Reinforcement Learning
• NeurIPS 2023“Why Not Looking backward?” A Robust Two-Step Method to Automatically Terminate Bayesian Optimization
• ICML 2023A Connection between One-Step RL and Critic Regularization in Reinforcement Learning
• ICLR 2023$O(T^{-1})$ Convergence of Optimistic-Follow-the-Regularized-Leader in Two-Player Zero-Sum Markov Games
• CVPR 2023"Seeing" Electric Network Frequency From Events
• NeurIPS 2026$\varphi$TD: Distributional Reinforcement Learning using Characteristic Functions
• ICML 2026$\textit{S}$-SPPO: Semantic-Calibrated Self-Play Preference Optimization
• ICLR 2026$AutoDrive\text{-}P^3$: Unified Chain of Perception–Prediction–Planning Thought via Reinforcement Fine-Tuning
• CVPR 2026AdaptVision Efficient Vision-Language Models via Adaptive Visual Acquisition

All Reinforcement Learning papers

1,070 papers, page 6 of 22

251. ICLR 2023Scaling Laws for a Multi-Agent Reinforcement Learning Model
252. ICLR 2023Scaling Pareto-Efficient Decision Making via Offline Multi-Objective RL
253. ICLR 2023Simple Emergent Action Representations from Multi-Task Policy Training
254. ICLR 2023Simplifying Model-based RL: Learning Representations, Latent-space Models, and Policies with One Objective
255. ICLR 2023SMART: Self-supervised Multi-task pretrAining with contRol Transformers
256. ICLR 2023Solving Continuous Control via Q-learning
257. ICLR 2023Spectral Decomposition Representation for Reinforcement Learning
258. ICLR 2023SpeedyZero: Mastering Atari with Limited Data and Time
259. ICLR 2023Stateful Active Facilitator: Coordination and Environmental Heterogeneity in Cooperative Multi-Agent Reinforcement Learning
260. ICLR 2023Statistical Efficiency of Score Matching: The View from Isoperimetry
261. ICLR 2023Stay Moral and Explore: Learn to Behave Morally in Text-based Games
262. ICLR 2023Systematic Rectification of Language Models via Dead-end Analysis
263. ICLR 2023Task Ambiguity in Humans and Language Models
264. ICLR 2023TEMPERA: Test-Time Prompt Editing via Reinforcement Learning
265. ICLR 2023Temporal Disentanglement of Representations for Improved Generalisation in Reinforcement Learning
266. ICLR 2023The In-Sample Softmax for Offline Reinforcement Learning
267. ICLR 2023The Power of Regularization in Solving Extensive-Form Games
268. ICLR 2023The Provable Benefit of Unsupervised Data Sharing for Offline Reinforcement Learning
269. ICLR 2023The Role of Coverage in Online Reinforcement Learning
270. ICLR 2023The Surprising Effectiveness of Equivariant Models in Domains with Latent Symmetry
271. ICLR 2023Timing is Everything: Learning to Act Selectively with Costly Actions and Budgetary Constraints
272. ICLR 2023Towards Effective and Interpretable Human-Agent Collaboration in MOBA Games: A Communication Perspective
273. ICLR 2023Towards Interpretable Deep Reinforcement Learning with Human-Friendly Prototypes
274. ICLR 2023Towards Minimax Optimal Reward-free Reinforcement Learning in Linear MDPs
275. ICLR 2023Transformer-based model for symbolic regression via joint supervised learning
276. ICLR 2023Transformer-based World Models Are Happy With 100k Interactions
277. ICLR 2023Transformers are Sample-Efficient World Models
278. ICLR 2023Truthful Self-Play
279. ICLR 2023Understanding and Adopting Rational Behavior by Bellman Score Estimation
280. ICLR 2023User-Interactive Offline Reinforcement Learning
281. ICLR 2023Value Memory Graph: A Graph-Structured World Model for Offline Reinforcement Learning
282. ICLR 2023Variational Information Pursuit for Interpretable Predictions
283. ICLR 2023Variational Latent Branching Model for Off-Policy Evaluation
284. ICLR 2023VIP: Towards Universal Visual Reward and Representation via Value-Implicit Pre-Training
285. ICLR 2023VIPeR: Provably Efficient Algorithm for Offline RL with Neural Function Approximation
286. ICLR 2023Visual Imitation Learning with Patch Rewards
287. ICLR 2023Wasserstein Auto-encoded MDPs: Formal Verification of Efficiently Distilled RL Policies with Many-sided Guarantees
288. ICLR 2023When Data Geometry Meets Deep Function: Generalizing Offline Reinforcement Learning
289. ICLR 2023Zeroth-Order Optimization with Trajectory-Informed Derivative Estimation
290. ICML 2023A Connection between One-Step RL and Critic Regularization in Reinforcement Learning
291. ICML 2023A Coupled Flow Approach to Imitation Learning
292. ICML 2023A Game-Theoretic Framework for Managing Risk in Multi-Agent Systems
293. ICML 2023A Near-Optimal Algorithm for Safe Reinforcement Learning Under Instantaneous Hard Constraints
294. ICML 2023A Reinforcement Learning Framework for Dynamic Mediation Analysis
295. ICML 2023A Robust Test for the Stationarity Assumption in Sequential Decision Making
296. ICML 2023A Universal Unbiased Method for Classification from Aggregate Observations
297. ICML 2023Abstracting Imperfect Information Away from Two-Player Zero-Sum Games
298. ICML 2023Action Matching: Learning Stochastic Dynamics from Samples
299. ICML 2023Active Policy Improvement from Multiple Black-box Oracles
300. ICML 2023Actor-Critic Alignment for Offline-to-Online Reinforcement Learning

FAQ

How many Reinforcement Learning papers were published at NeurIPS, ICLR, ICML and CVPR from 2023 to 2026?

6,885 in total: 1,070 in 2023, 1,190 in 2024, 1,640 in 2025, 2,985 in 2026.

How many Reinforcement Learning papers are at NeurIPS 2026?

NeurIPS 2026 has 760 Reinforcement Learning papers, versus 784 the year before.

How many Reinforcement Learning papers are at ICLR 2026?

ICLR 2026 has 911 Reinforcement Learning papers, versus 379 the year before.

How many Reinforcement Learning papers are at ICML 2026?

ICML 2026 has 1,021 Reinforcement Learning papers, versus 405 the year before.

How many Reinforcement Learning papers are at CVPR 2026?

CVPR 2026 has 293 Reinforcement Learning papers, versus 72 the year before.

Which conference publishes the most Reinforcement Learning papers?

NeurIPS, with 2,494 papers from 2023 to 2026.