Reinforcement Learning papers, 2023–2026

Key findings

• Reinforcement Learning went from 1,070 papers in 2023 to 2,985 in 2026, roughly 2.8x in three years.
• NeurIPS publishes the most Reinforcement Learning work: 2,494 papers from 2023 to 2026, 36% of the four-venue total.
• The fastest-growing overlap is with Reasoning Models: papers tagged with both rose from 9 in 2023 to 437 in 2026.

Representative papers

Spread across years and venues so every edition shows up

• NeurIPS 2026\texttt{FEROM}: Frontier Endogenous Reveal-Order Marginal Policy Optimization for Masked Diffusion LMs
• ICML 2026$\text{DT}^\text{2}$: Decision-Targeted Digital Twins
• ICLR 2026$\nabla$-Reasoner: LLM Reasoning via Test-Time Gradient Descent in Textual Space
• CVPR 2026A Causal Marriage between VLM and IRM from Understanding to
• NeurIPS 2025$\texttt{G1}$: Teaching LLMs to Reason on Graphs with Reinforcement Learning
• ICML 2025A Computationally Efficient Algorithm for Infinite-Horizon Average-Reward Linear MDPs
• ICLR 2025$\phi$-Update: A Class of Policy Update Methods with Policy Convergence Guarantee
• CVPR 2025All-Optical Nonlinear Diffractive Deep Network for Ultrafast Image Denoising
• NeurIPS 2024A Critical Evaluation of AI Feedback for Aligning Large Language Models
• ICML 2024${\rm E}(3)$-Equivariant Actor-Critic Methods for Cooperative Multi-Agent Reinforcement Learning
• ICLR 2024A Black-box Approach for Non-stationary Multi-agent Reinforcement Learning
• CVPR 2024DMR: Decomposed Multi-Modality Representations for Frames and Events Fusion in Visual Reinforcement Learning
• NeurIPS 2023“Why Not Looking backward?” A Robust Two-Step Method to Automatically Terminate Bayesian Optimization
• ICML 2023A Connection between One-Step RL and Critic Regularization in Reinforcement Learning
• ICLR 2023$O(T^{-1})$ Convergence of Optimistic-Follow-the-Regularized-Leader in Two-Player Zero-Sum Markov Games
• CVPR 2023"Seeing" Electric Network Frequency From Events
• NeurIPS 2026$\varphi$TD: Distributional Reinforcement Learning using Characteristic Functions
• ICML 2026$\textit{S}$-SPPO: Semantic-Calibrated Self-Play Preference Optimization
• ICLR 2026$AutoDrive\text{-}P^3$: Unified Chain of Perception–Prediction–Planning Thought via Reinforcement Fine-Tuning
• CVPR 2026AdaptVision Efficient Vision-Language Models via Adaptive Visual Acquisition

All Reinforcement Learning papers

379 papers, page 6 of 8

251. ICLR 2025Open-World Reinforcement Learning over Long Short-Term Imagination
252. ICLR 2025Optimal Non-Asymptotic Rates of Value Iteration for Average-Reward Markov Decision Processes
253. ICLR 2025Optimal Strong Regret and Violation in Constrained MDPs via Policy Optimization
254. ICLR 2025Optimizing Backward Policies in GFlowNets via Trajectory Likelihood Maximization
255. ICLR 2025OptionZero: Planning with Learned Options
256. ICLR 2025ORSO: Accelerating Reward Design via Online Reward Selection and Policy Optimization
257. ICLR 2025Overcoming Slow Decision Frequencies in Continuous Control: Model-Based Sequence Reinforcement Learning for Model-Free Control
258. ICLR 2025OvercookedV2: Rethinking Overcooked for Zero-Shot Coordination
259. ICLR 2025PABBO: Preferential Amortized Black-Box Optimization
260. ICLR 2025Pareto Prompt Optimization
261. ICLR 2025PEAR: Primitive Enabled Adaptive Relabeling for Boosting Hierarchical Reinforcement Learning
262. ICLR 2025PersonalLLM: Tailoring LLMs to Individual Preferences
263. ICLR 2025PN-GAIL: Leveraging Non-optimal Information from Imperfect Demonstrations
264. ICLR 2025POGEMA: A Benchmark Platform for Cooperative Multi-Agent Pathfinding
265. ICLR 2025Policy Optimization under Imperfect Human Interactions with Agent-Gated Shared Autonomy
266. ICLR 2025PolyNet: Learning Diverse Solution Strategies for Neural Combinatorial Optimization
267. ICLR 2025Post-hoc Reward Calibration: A Case Study on Length Bias
268. ICLR 2025Preference Elicitation for Offline Reinforcement Learning
269. ICLR 2025Preference Optimization for Reasoning with Pseudo Feedback
270. ICLR 2025Prevalence of Negative Transfer in Continual Reinforcement Learning: Analyses and a Simple Baseline
271. ICLR 2025Prioritized Generative Replay
272. ICLR 2025Procedural Synthesis of Synthesizable Molecules
273. ICLR 2025Process Reward Model with Q-value Rankings
274. ICLR 2025PWM: Policy Learning with Multi-Task World Models
275. ICLR 2025Q-Adapter: Customizing Pre-trained LLMs to New Preferences with Forgetting Mitigation
276. ICLR 2025Q-SFT: Q-Learning for Language Models via Supervised Fine-Tuning
277. ICLR 2025QMP: Q-switch Mixture of Policies for Multi-Task Behavior Sharing
278. ICLR 2025RainbowPO: A Unified Framework for Combining Improvements in Preference Optimization
279. ICLR 2025Rapidly Adapting Policies to the Real-World via Simulation-Guided Fine-Tuning
280. ICLR 2025Reconstruction-Guided Policy: Enhancing Decision-Making through Agent-Wise State Consistency
281. ICLR 2025REGENT: A Retrieval-Augmented Generalist Agent That Can Act In-Context in New Environments
282. ICLR 2025Regressing the Relative Future: Efficient Policy Optimization for Multi-turn RLHF
283. ICLR 2025Regret Bounds for Episodic Risk-Sensitive Linear Quadratic Regulator
284. ICLR 2025Regret-Optimal List Replicable Bandit Learning: Matching Upper and Lower Bounds
285. ICLR 2025Regulatory DNA Sequence Design with Reinforcement Learning
286. ICLR 2025Reinforcement Learning for Control of Non-Markovian Cellular Population Dynamics
287. ICLR 2025Reinforcement Learning from Imperfect Corrective Actions and Proxy Rewards
288. ICLR 2025Reinforcement learning with combinatorial actions for coupled restless bandits
289. ICLR 2025Residual Kernel Policy Network: Enhancing Stability and Robustness in RKHS-Based Reinforcement Learning
290. ICLR 2025Residual-MPPI: Online Policy Customization for Continuous Control
291. ICLR 2025Rethinking Light Decoder-based Solvers for Vehicle Routing Problems
292. ICLR 2025Rethinking Reward Model Evaluation: Are We Barking up the Wrong Tree?
293. ICLR 2025Revisiting a Design Choice in Gradient Temporal Difference Learning
294. ICLR 2025REvolve: Reward Evolution with Large Language Models using Human Feedback
295. ICLR 2025Reward Dimension Reduction for Scalable Multi-Objective Reinforcement Learning
296. ICLR 2025Reward Learning from Multiple Feedback Types
297. ICLR 2025Rewarding Progress: Scaling Automated Process Verifiers for LLM Reasoning
298. ICLR 2025Risk-Sensitive Variational Actor-Critic: A Model-Based Approach
299. ICLR 2025RM-Bench: Benchmarking Reward Models of Language Models with Subtlety and Style
300. ICLR 2025Robust Gymnasium: A Unified Modular Benchmark for Robust Reinforcement Learning

FAQ

How many Reinforcement Learning papers were published at NeurIPS, ICLR, ICML and CVPR from 2023 to 2026?

6,885 in total: 1,070 in 2023, 1,190 in 2024, 1,640 in 2025, 2,985 in 2026.

How many Reinforcement Learning papers are at NeurIPS 2026?

NeurIPS 2026 has 760 Reinforcement Learning papers, versus 784 the year before.

How many Reinforcement Learning papers are at ICLR 2026?

ICLR 2026 has 911 Reinforcement Learning papers, versus 379 the year before.

How many Reinforcement Learning papers are at ICML 2026?

ICML 2026 has 1,021 Reinforcement Learning papers, versus 405 the year before.

How many Reinforcement Learning papers are at CVPR 2026?

CVPR 2026 has 293 Reinforcement Learning papers, versus 72 the year before.

Which conference publishes the most Reinforcement Learning papers?

NeurIPS, with 2,494 papers from 2023 to 2026.