Reinforcement Learning papers, 2023–2026

Key findings

• Reinforcement Learning went from 1,070 papers in 2023 to 2,985 in 2026, roughly 2.8x in three years.
• NeurIPS publishes the most Reinforcement Learning work: 2,494 papers from 2023 to 2026, 36% of the four-venue total.
• The fastest-growing overlap is with Reasoning Models: papers tagged with both rose from 9 in 2023 to 437 in 2026.

Representative papers

Spread across years and venues so every edition shows up

• NeurIPS 2026\texttt{FEROM}: Frontier Endogenous Reveal-Order Marginal Policy Optimization for Masked Diffusion LMs
• ICML 2026$\text{DT}^\text{2}$: Decision-Targeted Digital Twins
• ICLR 2026$\nabla$-Reasoner: LLM Reasoning via Test-Time Gradient Descent in Textual Space
• CVPR 2026A Causal Marriage between VLM and IRM from Understanding to
• NeurIPS 2025$\texttt{G1}$: Teaching LLMs to Reason on Graphs with Reinforcement Learning
• ICML 2025A Computationally Efficient Algorithm for Infinite-Horizon Average-Reward Linear MDPs
• ICLR 2025$\phi$-Update: A Class of Policy Update Methods with Policy Convergence Guarantee
• CVPR 2025All-Optical Nonlinear Diffractive Deep Network for Ultrafast Image Denoising
• NeurIPS 2024A Critical Evaluation of AI Feedback for Aligning Large Language Models
• ICML 2024${\rm E}(3)$-Equivariant Actor-Critic Methods for Cooperative Multi-Agent Reinforcement Learning
• ICLR 2024A Black-box Approach for Non-stationary Multi-agent Reinforcement Learning
• CVPR 2024DMR: Decomposed Multi-Modality Representations for Frames and Events Fusion in Visual Reinforcement Learning
• NeurIPS 2023“Why Not Looking backward?” A Robust Two-Step Method to Automatically Terminate Bayesian Optimization
• ICML 2023A Connection between One-Step RL and Critic Regularization in Reinforcement Learning
• ICLR 2023$O(T^{-1})$ Convergence of Optimistic-Follow-the-Regularized-Leader in Two-Player Zero-Sum Markov Games
• CVPR 2023"Seeing" Electric Network Frequency From Events
• NeurIPS 2026$\varphi$TD: Distributional Reinforcement Learning using Characteristic Functions
• ICML 2026$\textit{S}$-SPPO: Semantic-Calibrated Self-Play Preference Optimization
• ICLR 2026$AutoDrive\text{-}P^3$: Unified Chain of Perception–Prediction–Planning Thought via Reinforcement Fine-Tuning
• CVPR 2026AdaptVision Efficient Vision-Language Models via Adaptive Visual Acquisition

All Reinforcement Learning papers

2,985 papers, page 48 of 60

2351. NeurIPS 2026Correct, Route, Calibrate: Efficient Preference Optimization from Noisy, Heterogeneous Human Feedback
2352. NeurIPS 2026Correctable Fork Tokens: Verifier-Anchored Selective Credit Assignment for Tool-Integrated RLVR
2353. NeurIPS 2026Cost-Aware Learning
2354. NeurIPS 2026CoT-Guard: Small Models for Strong Monitoring
2355. NeurIPS 2026Counterfactual Distillation: Internalizing Reflective Experience into LLM Agent
2356. NeurIPS 2026Counterfactual Rollout Replay: Forkable Environments as Free Process Rewards for Software Engineering Agents
2357. NeurIPS 2026Coupling-Aware Reinforcement Learning for Co-Evolving Graph Games
2358. NeurIPS 2026CPA: Efficient and Stable FP4 RL Training via Cross-Precision Alignment
2359. NeurIPS 2026CRAFT: Counterfactual-to-Interactive Reinforcement Fine-Tuning for Driving Policies
2360. NeurIPS 2026Credit Assignment with Resets in Language Model Reasoning
2361. NeurIPS 2026Cross-Question Reliable Reinforcement Learning
2362. NeurIPS 2026CS-DICE: Offline Reinforcement Learning with Coherent Occupancy Regularization
2363. NeurIPS 2026CURe: Conservative Unlearning with Soft-Gating Regularization for Offline Reinforcement Learning
2364. NeurIPS 2026CURE: Coupled User-Grouped Reinforcement Learning for Cross-Domain Recommendation with Non-Overlapping Users
2365. NeurIPS 2026Curriculum proof repair with learned counterexamples
2366. NeurIPS 2026CurveRL: Principled Distribution-Aware Context Reweighting for LLM Reasoning
2367. NeurIPS 2026CyCLeGen: Cycle-Consistent Layout Prediction and Image Generation
2368. NeurIPS 2026D-VLA: A High-Concurrency Distributed Asynchronous RL Framework for Vision-Language-Action Models
2369. NeurIPS 2026DACA-GRPO: Denoising-Aware Credit Assignment for Reinforcement Learning in Diffusion Language Models
2370. NeurIPS 2026DACE RL for Compute Efficient Reinforcement Learning in Small Model Reasoning
2371. NeurIPS 2026DaCe-DT: Data-Centric Offline Multi-Task Reinforcement Learning via Adaptive Prompts and Trajectory Correction for Heterogeneous Tasks
2372. NeurIPS 2026DARLING: Detection Augmented Reinforcement Learning with Non-Stationary Guarantees
2373. NeurIPS 2026DASM: Dynamic Autoregressive Subgraph Mining via Two-Stage Policy Alignment
2374. NeurIPS 2026DDACOM: Dual-Decoupled Adaptive Communication for Multi-Agent Reinforcement Learning under Dynamic Networks
2375. NeurIPS 2026Deadline-Constrained Dynamic Workflow Scheduling Can be Cast as a Representation Learning Problem
2376. NeurIPS 2026Decentralized Multi-Goal Multi-Agent Pathfinding with Spatial Prior and Neighbor Intent Prediction
2377. NeurIPS 2026Decision Focused Scenario Learning for Contextual Stochastic Programming
2378. NeurIPS 2026Decision-Focused Learning in MDPs: An Occupancy Measure Approach
2379. NeurIPS 2026Decomposed Graded Verifier for Generative World Modeling
2380. NeurIPS 2026Decomposing the modulation of interactions between neuronal populations
2381. NeurIPS 2026Decoupling Conversational Dynamics in Full-Duplex Spoken Models through Reinforcement Learning
2382. NeurIPS 2026Decoupling Exploration and Policy Optimization: Uncertainty Guided Tree Search for Hard Exploration
2383. NeurIPS 2026Deep Double Q-learning
2384. NeurIPS 2026Deep Heteroskedastic Regression: Post-Hoc Variance Estimation from Latent Representations
2385. NeurIPS 2026DeFlow: Decoupling Behavior-Prior Modeling and Value Maximization for Offline Policy Extraction
2386. NeurIPS 2026DeFlowCritic: Dense Latent Reward Alignment for Text-to-Image Flow Matching Models
2387. NeurIPS 2026Delightful Distributed Policy Gradient
2388. NeurIPS 2026Democratizing Tool Learning with Environments Fully Simulated by a Free 8B Language Model
2389. NeurIPS 2026Designing Reinforcement Learning for Diffusion Models: A Unified Path-Space View
2390. NeurIPS 2026Dexterous Skill Discovery via Topology-Aware Wasserstein Dependency
2391. NeurIPS 2026DGRAF: Observation-Quality-Aware Reinforcement Learning for Dynamic Reconfigurable Batteries
2392. NeurIPS 2026Differentiable Belief-based Opponent Shaping
2393. NeurIPS 2026Diffusion fine-tuning with Rewarded Moment Matching Distillation
2394. NeurIPS 2026Diffusion Subgoal Planning for Long-Horizon Offline Goal-Conditioned Reinforcement Learning
2395. NeurIPS 2026Diffusion-State Policy Optimization for Masked Diffusion Language Models
2396. NeurIPS 2026DiReCL: Learning Differentiable Reward Code with Inverse Reinforcement Learning
2397. NeurIPS 2026DISCOVER: Online Variance-Guided Data Discovery for Budgeted Multimodal GRPO
2398. NeurIPS 2026Disentangling the Good From the Bad: Quantization-Induced Flips Are Not Random
2399. NeurIPS 2026Distill to Think, Foresee to Act: Cognitive-Physical Reinforcement Learning for Autonomous Driving
2400. NeurIPS 2026Distilling LLM Feedback for Lean Theorem Proving

FAQ

How many Reinforcement Learning papers were published at NeurIPS, ICLR, ICML and CVPR from 2023 to 2026?

6,885 in total: 1,070 in 2023, 1,190 in 2024, 1,640 in 2025, 2,985 in 2026.

How many Reinforcement Learning papers are at NeurIPS 2026?

NeurIPS 2026 has 760 Reinforcement Learning papers, versus 784 the year before.

How many Reinforcement Learning papers are at ICLR 2026?

ICLR 2026 has 911 Reinforcement Learning papers, versus 379 the year before.

How many Reinforcement Learning papers are at ICML 2026?

ICML 2026 has 1,021 Reinforcement Learning papers, versus 405 the year before.

How many Reinforcement Learning papers are at CVPR 2026?

CVPR 2026 has 293 Reinforcement Learning papers, versus 72 the year before.

Which conference publishes the most Reinforcement Learning papers?

NeurIPS, with 2,494 papers from 2023 to 2026.