Reinforcement Learning papers, 2023–2026

Key findings

• Reinforcement Learning went from 1,070 papers in 2023 to 2,985 in 2026, roughly 2.8x in three years.
• NeurIPS publishes the most Reinforcement Learning work: 2,494 papers from 2023 to 2026, 36% of the four-venue total.
• The fastest-growing overlap is with Reasoning Models: papers tagged with both rose from 9 in 2023 to 437 in 2026.

Representative papers

Spread across years and venues so every edition shows up

• NeurIPS 2026\texttt{FEROM}: Frontier Endogenous Reveal-Order Marginal Policy Optimization for Masked Diffusion LMs
• ICML 2026$\text{DT}^\text{2}$: Decision-Targeted Digital Twins
• ICLR 2026$\nabla$-Reasoner: LLM Reasoning via Test-Time Gradient Descent in Textual Space
• CVPR 2026A Causal Marriage between VLM and IRM from Understanding to
• NeurIPS 2025$\texttt{G1}$: Teaching LLMs to Reason on Graphs with Reinforcement Learning
• ICML 2025A Computationally Efficient Algorithm for Infinite-Horizon Average-Reward Linear MDPs
• ICLR 2025$\phi$-Update: A Class of Policy Update Methods with Policy Convergence Guarantee
• CVPR 2025All-Optical Nonlinear Diffractive Deep Network for Ultrafast Image Denoising
• NeurIPS 2024A Critical Evaluation of AI Feedback for Aligning Large Language Models
• ICML 2024${\rm E}(3)$-Equivariant Actor-Critic Methods for Cooperative Multi-Agent Reinforcement Learning
• ICLR 2024A Black-box Approach for Non-stationary Multi-agent Reinforcement Learning
• CVPR 2024DMR: Decomposed Multi-Modality Representations for Frames and Events Fusion in Visual Reinforcement Learning
• NeurIPS 2023“Why Not Looking backward?” A Robust Two-Step Method to Automatically Terminate Bayesian Optimization
• ICML 2023A Connection between One-Step RL and Critic Regularization in Reinforcement Learning
• ICLR 2023$O(T^{-1})$ Convergence of Optimistic-Follow-the-Regularized-Leader in Two-Player Zero-Sum Markov Games
• CVPR 2023"Seeing" Electric Network Frequency From Events
• NeurIPS 2026$\varphi$TD: Distributional Reinforcement Learning using Characteristic Functions
• ICML 2026$\textit{S}$-SPPO: Semantic-Calibrated Self-Play Preference Optimization
• ICLR 2026$AutoDrive\text{-}P^3$: Unified Chain of Perception–Prediction–Planning Thought via Reinforcement Fine-Tuning
• CVPR 2026AdaptVision Efficient Vision-Language Models via Adaptive Visual Acquisition

All Reinforcement Learning papers

293 papers, page 4 of 6

151. CVPR 2026Monet Reasoning in Latent Visual Space Beyond Image and Language
152. CVPR 2026MorphSeek Fine-grained Latent Representation-Level Policy Optimization for Deformable Image Registration
153. CVPR 2026MSJoE Jointly Evolving MLLM and Sampler for Efficient Long-Form Video
154. CVPR 2026MSRL Scaling Generative Multimodal Reward Modeling via Multi-Stage Reinforcement Learning
155. CVPR 2026MultiCrafter High-Fidelity Multi-Subject Generation via Disentangled Attention and Identity-Aware Preference
156. CVPR 2026Neuro-Cognitive Reward Modeling for Human-Centered Autonomous Vehicle Control
157. CVPR 2026NIL No-data Imitation Learning
158. CVPR 2026NoRD A Data-Efficient Vision-Language-Action Model that Drives without Reasoning
159. CVPR 2026NS-Diff Fluid Navier-Stokes Guided Video Diffusion via Reinforcement Learning
160. CVPR 2026OddGridBench Exposing the Lack of Fine-Grained Visual Discrepancy Sensitivity in
161. CVPR 2026Omni-Fake Benchmarking Unified Multimodal Social Media Deepfake Detection
162. CVPR 2026OmniVTG A Large-Scale Dataset and Training Paradigm for Open-World Video
163. CVPR 2026OneThinker All-in-one Reasoning Model for Image and Video
164. CVPR 2026OpenMMReasoner Pushing the Frontiers in Multimodal Reasoning with an Open
165. CVPR 2026OralGPT-Plus Learning to Use Visual Tools via Reinforcement Learning for
166. CVPR 2026OraPO Oracle-educated Reinforcement Learning for Data-efficient and Factual Radiology Report
167. CVPR 2026PaCo-RL Advancing Reinforcement Learning for Consistent Image Generation with Pairwise
168. CVPR 2026PanoEnv Exploring 3D Spatial Intelligence in Panoramic Environments with Reinforcement
169. CVPR 2026Parameter-efficient Continual Learning for Enhancing Plasticity without Forgetting under Limited
170. CVPR 2026ParaUni Enhance Generation in Unified Multimodal Model with Reinforcement-driven Hierarchical
171. CVPR 2026PDCR Perception-Decomposed Confidence Reward for Vision-Language Reasoning
172. CVPR 2026Perceptual-Evidence Anchored Reinforced Learning for Multimodal Reasoning
173. CVPR 2026POCA Pareto-Optimal Curriculum Alignment for Visual Text Generation
174. CVPR 2026PointThinker Point-Incentivized Parallel Thinking for Multimodal Large Language Model
175. CVPR 2026Predicting Spatial Transcriptomics from Histology Images via High-Order Multi-Cell Interaction
176. CVPR 2026PromptEnhancer Taming Your Rewriter for Text-to-Image Generation via Fine-Grained Reward
177. CVPR 2026PromptLoop Plug-and-Play Prompt Refinement via Latent Feedback for Diffusion Model
178. CVPR 2026PROMPTMINER Black-Box Prompt Stealing against Text-to-Image Generative Models via Reinforcement
179. CVPR 2026PSR Scaling Multi-Subject Personalized Image Generation with Pairwise Subject-Consistency Rewards
180. CVPR 2026Push-and-Step From RL-Based Balance Recovery to Physical Simulation of Dense
181. CVPR 2026PvP Data-Efficient Humanoid Robot Learning with Proprioceptive-Privileged Contrastive Representations
182. CVPR 2026R-4B Incentivizing General-Purpose Auto-Thinking in MLLMs via Bi-Mode Annealing and
183. CVPR 2026R-C2 Cycle-Consistent Reinforcement Learning Improves Multimodal Reasoning
184. CVPR 2026R3-PCQA Ray-Reprojection-Reinforcement for No-Reference 3D Point Cloud Quality Assessment
185. CVPR 2026RawMetaDiff Unlocking Extreme Darkness from Dual-Exposure RAW with Meta-Guided Diffusion
186. CVPR 2026Reading or Reasoning Format Decoupled Reinforcement Learning for Document OCR
187. CVPR 2026ReAG Reasoning-Augmented Generation for Knowledge-based Visual Question Answering
188. CVPR 2026Real-Time Long Horizon Air Quality Forecasting via Group-Relative Policy Optimization
189. CVPR 2026RealUnify Do Unified Models Truly Benefit from Unification A Comprehensive
190. CVPR 2026Reasoning Palette Modulating Reasoning via Latent Contextualization for Controllable Exploration
191. CVPR 2026Reasoning-Driven Anomaly Detection and Localization with Image-Level Supervision
192. CVPR 2026RebRL Reinforcing Discrete Visual Diffusion Models with Rebalanced Timestep Credits
193. CVPR 2026Recovering Physically Plausible Human-Object Interactions from Monocular Videos
194. CVPR 2026Recurrent Reasoning with Vision-Language Models for Estimating Long-Horizon Embodied Task
195. CVPR 2026Refining Few-Step Text-to-Multiview Diffusion via Reinforcement Learning
196. CVPR 2026RehearseVLA Simulated Post-Training for VLAs with Physically-Consistent World Model
197. CVPR 2026Reinforce to Learn Elect to Reason A Dual Paradigm for
198. CVPR 2026Reinforcing Structured Chain-of-Thought for Video Understanding
199. CVPR 2026Reinforcing Video Object Segmentation to Think before it Segments
200. CVPR 2026ReLaX Reasoning with Latent Exploration for Large Reasoning Models

FAQ

How many Reinforcement Learning papers were published at NeurIPS, ICLR, ICML and CVPR from 2023 to 2026?

6,885 in total: 1,070 in 2023, 1,190 in 2024, 1,640 in 2025, 2,985 in 2026.

How many Reinforcement Learning papers are at NeurIPS 2026?

NeurIPS 2026 has 760 Reinforcement Learning papers, versus 784 the year before.

How many Reinforcement Learning papers are at ICLR 2026?

ICLR 2026 has 911 Reinforcement Learning papers, versus 379 the year before.

How many Reinforcement Learning papers are at ICML 2026?

ICML 2026 has 1,021 Reinforcement Learning papers, versus 405 the year before.

How many Reinforcement Learning papers are at CVPR 2026?

CVPR 2026 has 293 Reinforcement Learning papers, versus 72 the year before.

Which conference publishes the most Reinforcement Learning papers?

NeurIPS, with 2,494 papers from 2023 to 2026.