Reinforcement Learning papers, 2023–2026

Key findings

• Reinforcement Learning went from 1,070 papers in 2023 to 2,985 in 2026, roughly 2.8x in three years.
• NeurIPS publishes the most Reinforcement Learning work: 2,494 papers from 2023 to 2026, 36% of the four-venue total.
• The fastest-growing overlap is with Reasoning Models: papers tagged with both rose from 9 in 2023 to 437 in 2026.

Representative papers

Spread across years and venues so every edition shows up

• NeurIPS 2026\texttt{FEROM}: Frontier Endogenous Reveal-Order Marginal Policy Optimization for Masked Diffusion LMs
• ICML 2026$\text{DT}^\text{2}$: Decision-Targeted Digital Twins
• ICLR 2026$\nabla$-Reasoner: LLM Reasoning via Test-Time Gradient Descent in Textual Space
• CVPR 2026A Causal Marriage between VLM and IRM from Understanding to
• NeurIPS 2025$\texttt{G1}$: Teaching LLMs to Reason on Graphs with Reinforcement Learning
• ICML 2025A Computationally Efficient Algorithm for Infinite-Horizon Average-Reward Linear MDPs
• ICLR 2025$\phi$-Update: A Class of Policy Update Methods with Policy Convergence Guarantee
• CVPR 2025All-Optical Nonlinear Diffractive Deep Network for Ultrafast Image Denoising
• NeurIPS 2024A Critical Evaluation of AI Feedback for Aligning Large Language Models
• ICML 2024${\rm E}(3)$-Equivariant Actor-Critic Methods for Cooperative Multi-Agent Reinforcement Learning
• ICLR 2024A Black-box Approach for Non-stationary Multi-agent Reinforcement Learning
• CVPR 2024DMR: Decomposed Multi-Modality Representations for Frames and Events Fusion in Visual Reinforcement Learning
• NeurIPS 2023“Why Not Looking backward?” A Robust Two-Step Method to Automatically Terminate Bayesian Optimization
• ICML 2023A Connection between One-Step RL and Critic Regularization in Reinforcement Learning
• ICLR 2023$O(T^{-1})$ Convergence of Optimistic-Follow-the-Regularized-Leader in Two-Player Zero-Sum Markov Games
• CVPR 2023"Seeing" Electric Network Frequency From Events
• NeurIPS 2026$\varphi$TD: Distributional Reinforcement Learning using Characteristic Functions
• ICML 2026$\textit{S}$-SPPO: Semantic-Calibrated Self-Play Preference Optimization
• ICLR 2026$AutoDrive\text{-}P^3$: Unified Chain of Perception–Prediction–Planning Thought via Reinforcement Fine-Tuning
• CVPR 2026AdaptVision Efficient Vision-Language Models via Adaptive Visual Acquisition

All Reinforcement Learning papers

1,640 papers, page 3 of 33

101. ICLR 2025Aligning Visual Contrastive learning models via Preference Optimization
102. ICLR 2025An Evolved Universal Transformer Memory
103. ICLR 2025An Optimal Discriminator Weighted Imitation Perspective for Reinforcement Learning
104. ICLR 2025Any-step Dynamics Model Improves Future Predictions for Online and Offline Reinforcement Learning
105. ICLR 2025As Simple as Fine-tuning: LLM Alignment via Bidirectional Negative Feedback Loss
106. ICLR 2025Asynchronous Federated Reinforcement Learning with Policy Gradient Updates: Algorithm Design and Convergence Analysis
107. ICLR 2025Asynchronous RLHF: Faster and More Efficient Off-Policy RL for Language Models
108. ICLR 2025BALROG: Benchmarking Agentic LLM and VLM Reasoning On Games
109. ICLR 2025BAMDP Shaping: a Unified Framework for Intrinsic Motivation and Reward Shaping
110. ICLR 2025Behavioral Entropy-Guided Dataset Generation for Offline Reinforcement Learning
111. ICLR 2025Beyond-Expert Performance with Limited Demonstrations: Efficient Imitation Learning with Double Exploration
112. ICLR 2025Bi-Factorial Preference Optimization: Balancing Safety-Helpfulness in Language Models
113. ICLR 2025Bisimulation Metric for Model Predictive Control
114. ICLR 2025BlendRL: A Framework for Merging Symbolic and Neural Policy Learning
115. ICLR 2025BodyGen: Advancing Towards Efficient Embodiment Co-Design
116. ICLR 2025BOFormer: Learning to Solve Multi-Objective Bayesian Optimization via Non-Markovian RL
117. ICLR 2025BOND: Aligning LLMs with Best-of-N Distillation
118. ICLR 2025Bootstrapped Model Predictive Control
119. ICLR 2025Bootstrapping Language Models with DPO Implicit Rewards
120. ICLR 2025Brain Bandit: A Biologically Grounded Neural Network for Efficient Control of Exploration
121. ICLR 2025BTBS-LNS: Binarized-Tightening, Branch and Search on Learning LNS Policies for MIP
122. ICLR 2025Can a MISL Fly? Analysis and Ingredients for Mutual Information Skill Learning
123. ICLR 2025Can Reinforcement Learning Solve Asymmetric Combinatorial-Continuous Zero-Sum Games?
124. ICLR 2025Causal Information Prioritization for Efficient Reinforcement Learning
125. ICLR 2025Circuit Transformer: A Transformer That Preserves Logical Equivalence
126. ICLR 2025CLoSD: Closing the Loop between Simulation and Diffusion for multi-task character control
127. ICLR 2025COFlowNet: Conservative Constraints on Flows Enable High-Quality Candidate Generation
128. ICLR 2025Collab: Controlled Decoding using Mixture of Agents for LLM Alignment
129. ICLR 2025ComaDICE: Offline Cooperative Multi-Agent Reinforcement Learning with Stationary Distribution Shift Regularization
130. ICLR 2025Computationally Efficient RL under Linear Bellman Completeness for Deterministic Dynamics
131. ICLR 2025Computing Circuits Optimization via Model-Based Circuit Genetic Evolution
132. ICLR 2025Conflict-Averse Gradient Aggregation for Constrained Multi-Objective Reinforcement Learning
133. ICLR 2025Constraint-Conditioned Actor-Critic for Offline Safe Reinforcement Learning
134. ICLR 2025ContraDiff: Planning Towards High Return States via Contrastive Learning
135. ICLR 2025Correcting the Mythos of KL-Regularization: Direct Alignment without Overoptimization via Chi-Squared Preference Optimization
136. ICLR 2025Correlated Proxies: A New Definition and Improved Mitigation for Reward Hacking
137. ICLR 2025Counterfactual Realizability
138. ICLR 2025Cross-Domain Offline Policy Adaptation with Optimal Transport and Dataset Constraint
139. ICLR 2025Cross-Embodiment Dexterous Grasping with Reinforcement Learning
140. ICLR 2025CycleResearcher: Improving Automated Research via Automated Review
141. ICLR 2025DartControl: A Diffusion-Based Autoregressive Motion Model for Real-Time Text-Driven Motion Control
142. ICLR 2025Data Center Cooling System Optimization Using Offline Reinforcement Learning
143. ICLR 2025Deep Networks Learn Features From Local Discontinuities in the Label Function
144. ICLR 2025DeepLTL: Learning to Efficiently Satisfy Complex LTL Specifications for Multi-Task RL
145. ICLR 2025DeepSeek-Prover-V1.5: Harnessing Proof Assistant Feedback for Reinforcement Learning and Monte-Carlo Tree Search
146. ICLR 2025DeLLMa: Decision Making Under Uncertainty with Large Language Models
147. ICLR 2025DexTrack: Towards Generalizable Neural Tracking Control for Dexterous Manipulation from Human References
148. ICLR 2025Diffusion Actor-Critic: Formulating Constrained Policy Iteration as Diffusion Noise Regression for Offline Reinforcement Learning
149. ICLR 2025Diffusion Models Are Real-Time Game Engines
150. ICLR 2025Diffusion Policy Policy Optimization

FAQ

How many Reinforcement Learning papers were published at NeurIPS, ICLR, ICML and CVPR from 2023 to 2026?

6,885 in total: 1,070 in 2023, 1,190 in 2024, 1,640 in 2025, 2,985 in 2026.

How many Reinforcement Learning papers are at NeurIPS 2026?

NeurIPS 2026 has 760 Reinforcement Learning papers, versus 784 the year before.

How many Reinforcement Learning papers are at ICLR 2026?

ICLR 2026 has 911 Reinforcement Learning papers, versus 379 the year before.

How many Reinforcement Learning papers are at ICML 2026?

ICML 2026 has 1,021 Reinforcement Learning papers, versus 405 the year before.

How many Reinforcement Learning papers are at CVPR 2026?

CVPR 2026 has 293 Reinforcement Learning papers, versus 72 the year before.

Which conference publishes the most Reinforcement Learning papers?

NeurIPS, with 2,494 papers from 2023 to 2026.