Reinforcement Learning papers, 2023–2026

Key findings

• Reinforcement Learning went from 1,070 papers in 2023 to 2,985 in 2026, roughly 2.8x in three years.
• NeurIPS publishes the most Reinforcement Learning work: 2,494 papers from 2023 to 2026, 36% of the four-venue total.
• The fastest-growing overlap is with Reasoning Models: papers tagged with both rose from 9 in 2023 to 437 in 2026.

Representative papers

Spread across years and venues so every edition shows up

• NeurIPS 2026\texttt{FEROM}: Frontier Endogenous Reveal-Order Marginal Policy Optimization for Masked Diffusion LMs
• ICML 2026$\text{DT}^\text{2}$: Decision-Targeted Digital Twins
• ICLR 2026$\nabla$-Reasoner: LLM Reasoning via Test-Time Gradient Descent in Textual Space
• CVPR 2026A Causal Marriage between VLM and IRM from Understanding to
• NeurIPS 2025$\texttt{G1}$: Teaching LLMs to Reason on Graphs with Reinforcement Learning
• ICML 2025A Computationally Efficient Algorithm for Infinite-Horizon Average-Reward Linear MDPs
• ICLR 2025$\phi$-Update: A Class of Policy Update Methods with Policy Convergence Guarantee
• CVPR 2025All-Optical Nonlinear Diffractive Deep Network for Ultrafast Image Denoising
• NeurIPS 2024A Critical Evaluation of AI Feedback for Aligning Large Language Models
• ICML 2024${\rm E}(3)$-Equivariant Actor-Critic Methods for Cooperative Multi-Agent Reinforcement Learning
• ICLR 2024A Black-box Approach for Non-stationary Multi-agent Reinforcement Learning
• CVPR 2024DMR: Decomposed Multi-Modality Representations for Frames and Events Fusion in Visual Reinforcement Learning
• NeurIPS 2023“Why Not Looking backward?” A Robust Two-Step Method to Automatically Terminate Bayesian Optimization
• ICML 2023A Connection between One-Step RL and Critic Regularization in Reinforcement Learning
• ICLR 2023$O(T^{-1})$ Convergence of Optimistic-Follow-the-Regularized-Leader in Two-Player Zero-Sum Markov Games
• CVPR 2023"Seeing" Electric Network Frequency From Events
• NeurIPS 2026$\varphi$TD: Distributional Reinforcement Learning using Characteristic Functions
• ICML 2026$\textit{S}$-SPPO: Semantic-Calibrated Self-Play Preference Optimization
• ICLR 2026$AutoDrive\text{-}P^3$: Unified Chain of Perception–Prediction–Planning Thought via Reinforcement Fine-Tuning
• CVPR 2026AdaptVision Efficient Vision-Language Models via Adaptive Visual Acquisition

All Reinforcement Learning papers

911 papers, page 3 of 19

101. ICLR 2026cadrille: Multi-modal CAD Reconstruction with Reinforcement Learning
102. ICLR 2026CALM: Co-evolution of Algorithms and Language Model for Automatic Heuristic Design
103. ICLR 2026CapRL: Stimulating Dense Image Caption Capabilities via Reinforcement Learning
104. ICLR 2026CaRe-BN: Precise Moving Statistics for Stabilizing Spiking Neural Networks in Reinforcement Learning
105. ICLR 2026CARE: Towards Clinical Accountability in Multi-Modal Medical Reasoning with an Evidence-Grounded Agentic Framework
106. ICLR 2026Causal Imitation Learning under Expert-Observable and Expert-Unobservable Confounding
107. ICLR 2026CDE: Curiosity-Driven Exploration for Efficient Reinforcement Learning in Large Language Models
108. ICLR 2026CE-Nav: Flow-Guided Reinforcement Refinement for Cross-Embodiment Local Navigation
109. ICLR 2026CellDuality: Unlocking Biological Reasoning in LLMs with Self-Supervised RLVR
110. ICLR 2026Chain-of-Context Learning: Dynamic Constraint Understanding for Multi-Task VRPs
111. ICLR 2026Chasing the Tail: Effective Rubric-based Reward Modeling for Large Language Model Post-Training
112. ICLR 2026Chunking the Critic: A Transformer-based Soft Actor-Critic with N-Step Returns
113. ICLR 2026CLASH: Evaluating Language Models on Judging High-Stakes Dilemmas from Multiple Perspectives
114. ICLR 2026Co-rewarding: Stable Self-supervised RL for Eliciting Reasoning in Large Language Models
115. ICLR 2026CoLLMLight: Cooperative Large Language Model Agents for Network-Wide Traffic Signal Control
116. ICLR 2026COMAL: A Convergent Meta-Algorithm for Aligning LLMs with General Preferences
117. ICLR 2026CoMAS: Co-Evolving Multi-Agent Systems via Interaction Rewards
118. ICLR 2026Combinatorial Rising Bandits
119. ICLR 2026CompassNav: Steering From Path Imitation to Decision Understanding In Navigation
120. ICLR 2026Composition of Memory Experts for Diffusion World Models
121. ICLR 2026Composition-Grounded Instruction Synthesis for Visual Reasoning
122. ICLR 2026ComputerRL: Scaling End-to-End Online Reinforcement Learning for Computer Use Agents
123. ICLR 2026Conditional Advantage Estimation for Reinforcement Learning in Large Reasoning Models
124. ICLR 2026Conformal Robustness Control: A New Strategy for Robust Decision
125. ICLR 2026Conformalized Decision Risk Assessment
126. ICLR 2026Consis-GCPO: Consistency-Preserving Group Causal Preference Optimization for Vision Customization
127. ICLR 2026Consolidating Reinforcement Learning for Multimodal Discrete Diffusion Models
128. ICLR 2026Contact-guided Real2Sim from Monocular Video with Planar Scene Primitives
129. ICLR 2026ContextIF: Enhancing Instruction-Following through Context Reward
130. ICLR 2026Contextual Similarity Distillation: Ensemble Uncertainties with a Single Model
131. ICLR 2026Continuous-Time Value Iteration for Multi-Agent Reinforcement Learning
132. ICLR 2026Controllable Exploration in Hybrid-Policy RLVR for Multi-Modal Reasoning
133. ICLR 2026Controllable Logical Hypothesis Generation for Abductive Reasoning in Knowledge Graphs
134. ICLR 2026Convergence of an actor-critic gradient flow for entropy regularised MDPs in general spaces
135. ICLR 2026ConvRec-R1: Training LLM-based Conversational Recommender Systems with Reinforcement Learning
136. ICLR 2026CoPRS: Learning Positional Prior from Chain-of-Thought for Reasoning Segmentation
137. ICLR 2026Correlated Policy Optimization in Multi-Agent Subteams
138. ICLR 2026Count Counts: Motivating Exploration in LLM Reasoning with Count-based Intrinsic Rewards
139. ICLR 2026Critique-Coder: Enhancing Coder Models by Critique Reinforcement Learning
140. ICLR 2026Cross-Domain Policy Optimization via Bellman Consistency and Hybrid Critics
141. ICLR 2026Cross-Embodied Co-Design for Dexterous Hands
142. ICLR 2026Cross-Embodiment Offline Reinforcement Learning for Heterogeneous Robot Datasets
143. ICLR 2026CUDA-L1: Improving CUDA Optimization via Contrastive Reinforcement Learning
144. ICLR 2026CurES: From Gradient Analysis to Efficient Curriculum Learning for Reasoning LLMs
145. ICLR 2026Curriculum Reinforcement Learning from Easy to Hard Tasks Improves LLM Reasoning
146. ICLR 2026Dancing in Chains: Strategic Persuasion in Academic Rebuttal via Theory of Mind
147. ICLR 2026DARE-bench: Evaluating Modeling and Instruction Fidelity of LLMs in Data Science
148. ICLR 2026Data-to-Energy Stochastic Dynamics
149. ICLR 2026DaVinci: Reinforcing Visual-Structural Syntax in MLLMs for Generalized Scientific Diagram Parsing
150. ICLR 2026DEAS: DEtached value learning with Action Sequence for Scalable Offline RL

FAQ

How many Reinforcement Learning papers were published at NeurIPS, ICLR, ICML and CVPR from 2023 to 2026?

6,885 in total: 1,070 in 2023, 1,190 in 2024, 1,640 in 2025, 2,985 in 2026.

How many Reinforcement Learning papers are at NeurIPS 2026?

NeurIPS 2026 has 760 Reinforcement Learning papers, versus 784 the year before.

How many Reinforcement Learning papers are at ICLR 2026?

ICLR 2026 has 911 Reinforcement Learning papers, versus 379 the year before.

How many Reinforcement Learning papers are at ICML 2026?

ICML 2026 has 1,021 Reinforcement Learning papers, versus 405 the year before.

How many Reinforcement Learning papers are at CVPR 2026?

CVPR 2026 has 293 Reinforcement Learning papers, versus 72 the year before.

Which conference publishes the most Reinforcement Learning papers?

NeurIPS, with 2,494 papers from 2023 to 2026.