Reinforcement Learning papers, 2023–2026

Key findings

• Reinforcement Learning went from 1,070 papers in 2023 to 2,985 in 2026, roughly 2.8x in three years.
• NeurIPS publishes the most Reinforcement Learning work: 2,494 papers from 2023 to 2026, 36% of the four-venue total.
• The fastest-growing overlap is with Reasoning Models: papers tagged with both rose from 9 in 2023 to 437 in 2026.

Representative papers

Spread across years and venues so every edition shows up

• NeurIPS 2026\texttt{FEROM}: Frontier Endogenous Reveal-Order Marginal Policy Optimization for Masked Diffusion LMs
• ICML 2026$\text{DT}^\text{2}$: Decision-Targeted Digital Twins
• ICLR 2026$\nabla$-Reasoner: LLM Reasoning via Test-Time Gradient Descent in Textual Space
• CVPR 2026A Causal Marriage between VLM and IRM from Understanding to
• NeurIPS 2025$\texttt{G1}$: Teaching LLMs to Reason on Graphs with Reinforcement Learning
• ICML 2025A Computationally Efficient Algorithm for Infinite-Horizon Average-Reward Linear MDPs
• ICLR 2025$\phi$-Update: A Class of Policy Update Methods with Policy Convergence Guarantee
• CVPR 2025All-Optical Nonlinear Diffractive Deep Network for Ultrafast Image Denoising
• NeurIPS 2024A Critical Evaluation of AI Feedback for Aligning Large Language Models
• ICML 2024${\rm E}(3)$-Equivariant Actor-Critic Methods for Cooperative Multi-Agent Reinforcement Learning
• ICLR 2024A Black-box Approach for Non-stationary Multi-agent Reinforcement Learning
• CVPR 2024DMR: Decomposed Multi-Modality Representations for Frames and Events Fusion in Visual Reinforcement Learning
• NeurIPS 2023“Why Not Looking backward?” A Robust Two-Step Method to Automatically Terminate Bayesian Optimization
• ICML 2023A Connection between One-Step RL and Critic Regularization in Reinforcement Learning
• ICLR 2023$O(T^{-1})$ Convergence of Optimistic-Follow-the-Regularized-Leader in Two-Player Zero-Sum Markov Games
• CVPR 2023"Seeing" Electric Network Frequency From Events
• NeurIPS 2026$\varphi$TD: Distributional Reinforcement Learning using Characteristic Functions
• ICML 2026$\textit{S}$-SPPO: Semantic-Calibrated Self-Play Preference Optimization
• ICLR 2026$AutoDrive\text{-}P^3$: Unified Chain of Perception–Prediction–Planning Thought via Reinforcement Fine-Tuning
• CVPR 2026AdaptVision Efficient Vision-Language Models via Adaptive Visual Acquisition

All Reinforcement Learning papers

2,079 papers, page 28 of 42

1351. ICML 2025RobustZero: Enhancing MuZero Reinforcement Learning Robustness to State Perturbations
1352. ICML 2025RuleAdapter: Dynamic Rules for training Safety Reward Models in RLHF
1353. ICML 2025Sable: a Performant, Efficient and Scalable Sequence Model for MARL
1354. ICML 2025Safe-EF: Error Feedback for Non-smooth Constrained Optimization
1355. ICML 2025Safety Certificate against Latent Variables with Partially Unidentifiable Dynamics
1356. ICML 2025Safety-Polarized and Prioritized Reinforcement Learning
1357. ICML 2025Sample Complexity of Distributionally Robust Off-Dynamics Reinforcement Learning with Online Interaction
1358. ICML 2025Sample-Optimal Agnostic Boosting with Unlabeled Data
1359. ICML 2025Sampling from Binary Quadratic Distributions via Stochastic Localization
1360. ICML 2025Satori: Reinforcement Learning with Chain-of-Action-Thought Enhances LLM Reasoning via Autoregressive Search
1361. ICML 2025Scaling Test-Time Compute Without Verification or RL is Suboptimal
1362. ICML 2025Scaling Value Iteration Networks to 5000 Layers for Extreme Long-Term Planning
1363. ICML 2025Score as Action: Fine Tuning Diffusion Generative Models by Continuous-time Reinforcement Learning
1364. ICML 2025Score-Based Diffusion Policy Compatible with Reinforcement Learning via Optimal Transport
1365. ICML 2025Self-Supervised Transformers as Iterative Solution Improvers for Constraint Satisfaction
1366. ICML 2025SENSEI: Semantic Exploration Guided by Foundation Models to Learn Versatile World Models
1367. ICML 2025SFT Memorizes, RL Generalizes: A Comparative Study of Foundation Model Post-training
1368. ICML 2025Simple Policy Optimization
1369. ICML 2025Sleeping Reinforcement Learning
1370. ICML 2025Sliding Puzzles Gym: A Scalable Benchmark for State Representation in Visual Reinforcement Learning
1371. ICML 2025SOLD: Slot Object-Centric Latent Dynamics Models for Relational Manipulation Learning from Pixels
1372. ICML 2025Sparse Training from Random Initialization: Aligning Lottery Ticket Masks using Weight Symmetry
1373. ICML 2025Speeding up Policy Simulation in Supply Chain RL
1374. ICML 2025Square$\chi$PO: Differentially Private and Robust $\chi^2$-Preference Optimization in Offline Direct Alignment
1375. ICML 2025Stable Offline Value Function Learning with Bisimulation-based Representations
1376. ICML 2025Stay Hungry, Keep Learning: Sustainable Plasticity for Deep Reinforcement Learning
1377. ICML 2025Stealing That Free Lunch: Exposing the Limits of Dyna-Style Reinforcement Learning
1378. ICML 2025Step-DAD: Semi-Amortized Policy-Based Bayesian Experimental Design
1379. ICML 2025Stochastic Control for Fine-tuning Diffusion Models: Optimality, Regularity, and Convergence
1380. ICML 2025Stochastic Encodings for Active Feature Acquisition
1381. ICML 2025STP: Self-play LLM Theorem Provers with Iterative Conjecturing and Proving
1382. ICML 2025Strategic Planning: A Top-Down Approach to Option Generation
1383. ICML 2025Subgoal-Guided Policy Heuristic Search with Learned Subgoals
1384. ICML 2025Symmetric Reinforcement Learning Loss for Robust Learning on Diverse Tasks and Model Scales
1385. ICML 2025T1: Advancing Language Model Reasoning through Reinforcement Learning and Inference Scaling
1386. ICML 2025Task-Agnostic Pre-training and Task-Guided Fine-tuning for Versatile Diffusion Planner
1387. ICML 2025Task-Aware Virtual Training: Enhancing Generalization in Meta-Reinforcement Learning for Out-of-Distribution Tasks
1388. ICML 2025Teaching Language Models to Critique via Reinforcement Learning
1389. ICML 2025Temporal Difference Flows
1390. ICML 2025Temporal Distance-aware Transition Augmentation for Offline Model-based Reinforcement Learning
1391. ICML 2025Test-Time Adaptation for Online Vision-Language Navigation with Feedback-based Reinforcement Learning
1392. ICML 2025Test-Time Adaptation with Binary Feedback
1393. ICML 2025Test-time Adapted Reinforcement Learning with Action Entropy Regularization
1394. ICML 2025TGDPO: Harnessing Token-Level Reward Guidance for Enhancing Direct Preference Optimization
1395. ICML 2025The Courage to Stop: Overcoming Sunk Cost Fallacy in Deep Reinforcement Learning
1396. ICML 2025The Energy Loss Phenomenon in RLHF: A New Perspective on Mitigating Reward Hacking
1397. ICML 2025The Impact of On-Policy Parallelized Data Collection on Deep Reinforcement Learning Networks
1398. ICML 2025The Number of Trials Matters in Infinite-Horizon General-Utility Markov Decision Processes
1399. ICML 2025The Perils of Optimizing Learned Reward Functions: Low Training Error Does Not Guarantee Low Regret
1400. ICML 2025The Sample Complexity of Online Strategic Decision Making with Information Asymmetry and Knowledge Transportability

FAQ

How many Reinforcement Learning papers were published at NeurIPS, ICLR, ICML and CVPR from 2023 to 2026?

6,885 in total: 1,070 in 2023, 1,190 in 2024, 1,640 in 2025, 2,985 in 2026.

How many Reinforcement Learning papers are at NeurIPS 2026?

NeurIPS 2026 has 760 Reinforcement Learning papers, versus 784 the year before.

How many Reinforcement Learning papers are at ICLR 2026?

ICLR 2026 has 911 Reinforcement Learning papers, versus 379 the year before.

How many Reinforcement Learning papers are at ICML 2026?

ICML 2026 has 1,021 Reinforcement Learning papers, versus 405 the year before.

How many Reinforcement Learning papers are at CVPR 2026?

CVPR 2026 has 293 Reinforcement Learning papers, versus 72 the year before.

Which conference publishes the most Reinforcement Learning papers?

NeurIPS, with 2,494 papers from 2023 to 2026.