Reinforcement Learning papers, 2023–2026

Key findings

• Reinforcement Learning went from 1,070 papers in 2023 to 2,985 in 2026, roughly 2.8x in three years.
• NeurIPS publishes the most Reinforcement Learning work: 2,494 papers from 2023 to 2026, 36% of the four-venue total.
• The fastest-growing overlap is with Reasoning Models: papers tagged with both rose from 9 in 2023 to 437 in 2026.

Representative papers

Spread across years and venues so every edition shows up

• NeurIPS 2026\texttt{FEROM}: Frontier Endogenous Reveal-Order Marginal Policy Optimization for Masked Diffusion LMs
• ICML 2026$\text{DT}^\text{2}$: Decision-Targeted Digital Twins
• ICLR 2026$\nabla$-Reasoner: LLM Reasoning via Test-Time Gradient Descent in Textual Space
• CVPR 2026A Causal Marriage between VLM and IRM from Understanding to
• NeurIPS 2025$\texttt{G1}$: Teaching LLMs to Reason on Graphs with Reinforcement Learning
• ICML 2025A Computationally Efficient Algorithm for Infinite-Horizon Average-Reward Linear MDPs
• ICLR 2025$\phi$-Update: A Class of Policy Update Methods with Policy Convergence Guarantee
• CVPR 2025All-Optical Nonlinear Diffractive Deep Network for Ultrafast Image Denoising
• NeurIPS 2024A Critical Evaluation of AI Feedback for Aligning Large Language Models
• ICML 2024${\rm E}(3)$-Equivariant Actor-Critic Methods for Cooperative Multi-Agent Reinforcement Learning
• ICLR 2024A Black-box Approach for Non-stationary Multi-agent Reinforcement Learning
• CVPR 2024DMR: Decomposed Multi-Modality Representations for Frames and Events Fusion in Visual Reinforcement Learning
• NeurIPS 2023“Why Not Looking backward?” A Robust Two-Step Method to Automatically Terminate Bayesian Optimization
• ICML 2023A Connection between One-Step RL and Critic Regularization in Reinforcement Learning
• ICLR 2023$O(T^{-1})$ Convergence of Optimistic-Follow-the-Regularized-Leader in Two-Player Zero-Sum Markov Games
• CVPR 2023"Seeing" Electric Network Frequency From Events
• NeurIPS 2026$\varphi$TD: Distributional Reinforcement Learning using Characteristic Functions
• ICML 2026$\textit{S}$-SPPO: Semantic-Calibrated Self-Play Preference Optimization
• ICLR 2026$AutoDrive\text{-}P^3$: Unified Chain of Perception–Prediction–Planning Thought via Reinforcement Fine-Tuning
• CVPR 2026AdaptVision Efficient Vision-Language Models via Adaptive Visual Acquisition

All Reinforcement Learning papers

1,827 papers, page 26 of 37

1251. ICLR 2025Taming Overconfidence in LLMs: Reward Calibration in RLHF
1252. ICLR 2025Temporal Difference Learning: Why It Can Be Fast and How It Will Be Faster
1253. ICLR 2025The "Law'' of the Unconscious Contrastive Learner: Probabilistic Alignment of Unpaired Modalities
1254. ICLR 2025The Value of Sensory Information to a Robot
1255. ICLR 2025ToolGen: Unified Tool Retrieval and Calling via Generation
1256. ICLR 2025TOP-ERL: Transformer-based Off-Policy Episodic Reinforcement Learning
1257. ICLR 2025Toward Efficient Multi-Agent Exploration With Trajectory Entropy Maximization
1258. ICLR 2025Toward Exploratory Inverse Constraint Inference with Generative Diffusion Verifiers
1259. ICLR 2025Towards Empowerment Gain through Causal Structure Learning in Model-Based Reinforcement Learning
1260. ICLR 2025Towards Federated RLHF with Aggregated Client Preference for LLMs
1261. ICLR 2025Towards General-Purpose Model-Free Reinforcement Learning
1262. ICLR 2025Towards Generalizable Reinforcement Learning via Causality-Guided Self-Adaptive Representations
1263. ICLR 2025Towards Improving Exploration through Sibling Augmented GFlowNets
1264. ICLR 2025TPO: Aligning Large Language Models with Multi-branch & Multi-step Preference Trees
1265. ICLR 2025Tractable Multi-Agent Reinforcement Learning through Behavioral Economics
1266. ICLR 2025Training Language Models to Self-Correct via Reinforcement Learning
1267. ICLR 2025Training Large Language Models for Retrieval-Augmented Question Answering through Backtracking Correction
1268. ICLR 2025Trajectory-Class-Aware Multi-Agent Reinforcement Learning
1269. ICLR 2025Transformer-Squared: Self-adaptive LLMs
1270. ICLR 2025Transformers Can Learn Temporal Difference Methods for In-Context Reinforcement Learning
1271. ICLR 2025Uncertainty and Influence aware Reward Model Refinement for Reinforcement Learning from Human Feedback
1272. ICLR 2025Understanding Constraint Inference in Safety-Critical Inverse Reinforcement Learning
1273. ICLR 2025Unhackable Temporal Reward for Scalable Video MLLMs
1274. ICLR 2025UniCO: On Unified Combinatorial Optimization via Problem Reduction to Matrix-Encoded General TSP
1275. ICLR 2025Unsupervised Zero-Shot Reinforcement Learning via Dual-Value Forward-Backward Representation
1276. ICLR 2025UTILITY: Utilizing Explainable Reinforcement Learning to Improve Reinforcement Learning
1277. ICLR 2025Value-aligned Behavior Cloning for Offline Reinforcement Learning via Bi-level Optimization
1278. ICLR 2025Value-Incentivized Preference Optimization: A Unified Approach to Online and Offline RLHF
1279. ICLR 2025VICtoR: Learning Hierarchical Vision-Instruction Correlation Rewards for Long-horizon Manipulation
1280. ICLR 2025VisualPredicator: Learning Abstract World Models with Neuro-Symbolic Predicates for Robot Planning
1281. ICLR 2025VTDexManip: A Dataset and Benchmark for Visual-tactile Pretraining and Dexterous Manipulation with Reinforcement Learning
1282. ICLR 2025VVC-Gym: A Fixed-Wing UAV Reinforcement Learning Environment for Multi-Goal Long-Horizon Problems
1283. ICLR 2025WebRL: Training LLM Web Agents via Self-Evolving Online Curriculum Reinforcement Learning
1284. ICLR 2025What Does It Mean to Be a Transformer? Insights from a Theoretical Hessian Analysis
1285. ICLR 2025What Makes a Good Diffusion Planner for Decision Making?
1286. ICLR 2025WizardMath: Empowering Mathematical Reasoning for Large Language Models via Reinforced Evol-Instruct
1287. ICLR 2025XLand-100B: A Large-Scale Multi-Task Dataset for In-Context Reinforcement Learning
1288. ICLR 2025Zero-shot Model-based Reinforcement Learning using Large Language Models
1289. ICLR 2025Zero-Shot Whole-Body Humanoid Control via Behavioral Foundation Models
1290. ICLR 2025Zeroth-Order Policy Gradient for Reinforcement Learning from Human Feedback without Reward Inference
1291. ICLR 2024$\mathcal{B}$-Coder: Value-Based Deep Reinforcement Learning for Program Synthesis
1292. ICLR 2024$\pi$2vec: Policy Representation with Successor Features
1293. ICLR 2024A Black-box Approach for Non-stationary Multi-agent Reinforcement Learning
1294. ICLR 2024A Dynamical View of the Question of Why
1295. ICLR 2024A Newborn Embodied Turing Test for Comparing Object Segmentation Across Animals and Machines
1296. ICLR 2024A Policy Gradient Method for Confounded POMDPs
1297. ICLR 2024Achieving Fairness in Multi-Agent MDP Using Reinforcement Learning
1298. ICLR 2024Achieving Sample and Computational Efficient Reinforcement Learning by Action Space Reduction via Grouping
1299. ICLR 2024Active Retrosynthetic Planning Aware of Route Quality
1300. ICLR 2024Adaptive Rational Activations to Boost Deep Reinforcement Learning

FAQ

How many Reinforcement Learning papers were published at NeurIPS, ICLR, ICML and CVPR from 2023 to 2026?

6,885 in total: 1,070 in 2023, 1,190 in 2024, 1,640 in 2025, 2,985 in 2026.

How many Reinforcement Learning papers are at NeurIPS 2026?

NeurIPS 2026 has 760 Reinforcement Learning papers, versus 784 the year before.

How many Reinforcement Learning papers are at ICLR 2026?

ICLR 2026 has 911 Reinforcement Learning papers, versus 379 the year before.

How many Reinforcement Learning papers are at ICML 2026?

ICML 2026 has 1,021 Reinforcement Learning papers, versus 405 the year before.

How many Reinforcement Learning papers are at CVPR 2026?

CVPR 2026 has 293 Reinforcement Learning papers, versus 72 the year before.

Which conference publishes the most Reinforcement Learning papers?

NeurIPS, with 2,494 papers from 2023 to 2026.