Reinforcement Learning papers, 2023–2026

Key findings

• Reinforcement Learning went from 1,070 papers in 2023 to 2,985 in 2026, roughly 2.8x in three years.
• NeurIPS publishes the most Reinforcement Learning work: 2,494 papers from 2023 to 2026, 36% of the four-venue total.
• The fastest-growing overlap is with Reasoning Models: papers tagged with both rose from 9 in 2023 to 437 in 2026.

Representative papers

Spread across years and venues so every edition shows up

• NeurIPS 2026\texttt{FEROM}: Frontier Endogenous Reveal-Order Marginal Policy Optimization for Masked Diffusion LMs
• ICML 2026$\text{DT}^\text{2}$: Decision-Targeted Digital Twins
• ICLR 2026$\nabla$-Reasoner: LLM Reasoning via Test-Time Gradient Descent in Textual Space
• CVPR 2026A Causal Marriage between VLM and IRM from Understanding to
• NeurIPS 2025$\texttt{G1}$: Teaching LLMs to Reason on Graphs with Reinforcement Learning
• ICML 2025A Computationally Efficient Algorithm for Infinite-Horizon Average-Reward Linear MDPs
• ICLR 2025$\phi$-Update: A Class of Policy Update Methods with Policy Convergence Guarantee
• CVPR 2025All-Optical Nonlinear Diffractive Deep Network for Ultrafast Image Denoising
• NeurIPS 2024A Critical Evaluation of AI Feedback for Aligning Large Language Models
• ICML 2024${\rm E}(3)$-Equivariant Actor-Critic Methods for Cooperative Multi-Agent Reinforcement Learning
• ICLR 2024A Black-box Approach for Non-stationary Multi-agent Reinforcement Learning
• CVPR 2024DMR: Decomposed Multi-Modality Representations for Frames and Events Fusion in Visual Reinforcement Learning
• NeurIPS 2023“Why Not Looking backward?” A Robust Two-Step Method to Automatically Terminate Bayesian Optimization
• ICML 2023A Connection between One-Step RL and Critic Regularization in Reinforcement Learning
• ICLR 2023$O(T^{-1})$ Convergence of Optimistic-Follow-the-Regularized-Leader in Two-Player Zero-Sum Markov Games
• CVPR 2023"Seeing" Electric Network Frequency From Events
• NeurIPS 2026$\varphi$TD: Distributional Reinforcement Learning using Characteristic Functions
• ICML 2026$\textit{S}$-SPPO: Semantic-Calibrated Self-Play Preference Optimization
• ICLR 2026$AutoDrive\text{-}P^3$: Unified Chain of Perception–Prediction–Planning Thought via Reinforcement Fine-Tuning
• CVPR 2026AdaptVision Efficient Vision-Language Models via Adaptive Visual Acquisition

All Reinforcement Learning papers

6,885 papers, page 22 of 138

1051. ICLR 2026Stackelberg Learning from Human Feedback: Preference Optimization as a Sequential Game
1052. ICLR 2026STAIRS-Former: Spatio-Temporal Attention with Interleaved Recursive Structure TransFormer for Offline Mulit-task Multi-agent Reinforcement Learning
1053. ICLR 2026STAR: Similarity-guided Teacher-Assisted Refinement for Super-Tiny Function Calling Models
1054. ICLR 2026Statistical Guarantees for Offline Domain Randomization
1055. ICLR 2026StepORLM: A Self-Evolving Framework With Generative Process Supervision For Operations Research Language Models
1056. ICLR 2026Stop Unnecessary Reflection: Training LRMs for Efficient Reasoning with Adaptive Reflection and Length Coordinated Penalty
1057. ICLR 2026Strict Subgoal Execution: Reliable Long-Horizon Planning in Hierarchical Reinforcement Learning
1058. ICLR 2026Stronger-MAS: Multi-Agent Reinforcement Learning for Collaborative LLMs
1059. ICLR 2026Structured Reasoning for LLMs: A Unified Framework for Efficiency and Explainability
1060. ICLR 2026STVG-R1: Incentivizing Instance-Level Reasoning and Grounding in Videos via Reinforcement Learning
1061. ICLR 2026Supervised Reinforcement Learning: From Expert Trajectories to Step-wise Reasoning
1062. ICLR 2026Supporting High-Stakes Decision Making Through Interactive Preference Elicitation in the Latent Space
1063. ICLR 2026SUSD: Structured Unsupervised Skill Discovery through State Factorization
1064. ICLR 2026Swap-guided Preference Learning for Personalized Reinforcement Learning from Human Feedback
1065. ICLR 2026SWE-RM: Execution-free Feedback for Software Engineering Agents
1066. ICLR 2026Synergizing Understanding and Generation with Interleaved Analyzing-Drafting Thinking
1067. ICLR 2026Synthesizing High-Quality Visual Question Answering from Medical Documents with Generator-Verifier LMMs
1068. ICLR 2026Synthesizing Multimodal Verifiable Game Data to Boost VLMs' General Reasoning
1069. ICLR 2026Tackling Heavy-Tailed Q-Value Bias in Offline-to-Online Reinforcement Learning with Laplace-Robust Modeling
1070. ICLR 2026Talking Points: Describing and Localizing Pixels
1071. ICLR 2026Taming Imperfect Process Verifiers: A Sampling Perspective on Backtracking
1072. ICLR 2026Task Tokens: A Flexible Approach to Adapting Behavior Foundation Models
1073. ICLR 2026Task-Agnostic Amortized Multi-Objective Optimization
1074. ICLR 2026TaTToo: Tool-Grounded Thinking PRM for Test-Time Scaling in Tabular Reasoning
1075. ICLR 2026TD-JEPA: Latent-predictive Representations for Zero-Shot Reinforcement Learning
1076. ICLR 2026Temperature as a Meta-Policy: Adaptive Temperature in LLM Reinforcement Learning
1077. ICLR 2026TEMPFLOW-GRPO: WHEN TIMING MATTERS FOR GRPO IN FLOW MODELS
1078. ICLR 2026Test-Time Alignment for Large Language Models via Textual Model Predictive Control
1079. ICLR 2026Text2Grad: Reinforcement Learning from Natural Language Feedback
1080. ICLR 2026The Alignment Auditor: A Bayesian Framework for Verifying and Refining LLM Objectives
1081. ICLR 2026The Alignment Waltz: Jointly Training Agents to Collaborate for Safety
1082. ICLR 2026The Art of Scaling Reinforcement Learning Compute for LLMs
1083. ICLR 2026The Choice of Divergence: A Neglected Key to Mitigating Diversity Collapse in Reinforcement Learning with Verifiable Reward
1084. ICLR 2026The Coverage Principle: How Pre-Training Enables Post-Training
1085. ICLR 2026The Markovian Thinker
1086. ICLR 2026The Overthinking Predicament: When Reasoning Hurts Ranking
1087. ICLR 2026The Rank and Gradient Lost in Non-stationarity: Sample Weight Decay for Mitigating Plasticity Loss in Reinforcement Learning
1088. ICLR 2026The Sample Complexity of Online Reinforcement Learning: A Multi-model Perspective
1089. ICLR 2026The State of Reinforcement Finetuning for Transformer-based Generative Agents
1090. ICLR 2026Thinking-Free Policy Initialization Makes Distilled Reasoning Models More Effective and Efficient Reasoners
1091. ICLR 2026Thompson Sampling via Fine-Tuning of LLMs
1092. ICLR 2026THOR: Tool-Integrated Hierarchical Optimization via RL for Mathematical Reasoning
1093. ICLR 2026Thyme: Think Beyond Images
1094. ICLR 2026TikZilla: Scaling Text-to-TikZ with High-Quality Data and Reinforcement Learning
1095. ICLR 2026Time Is a Feature: Exploiting Temporal Dynamics in Diffusion Language Models
1096. ICLR 2026TimeSearch-R: Adaptive Temporal Search for Long-Form Video Understanding via Self-Verification Reinforcement Learning
1097. ICLR 2026TimeSeg: An Information-Theoretic Segment-Wise Explainer for Time-Series Predictions
1098. ICLR 2026Tina: Tiny Reasoning Models via LoRA
1099. ICLR 2026TIPO: Text to Image with Text Pre-sampling for Prompt Optimization
1100. ICLR 2026TIPS: Turn-level Information-Potential Reward Shaping for Search-Augmented LLMs

FAQ

How many Reinforcement Learning papers were published at NeurIPS, ICLR, ICML and CVPR from 2023 to 2026?

6,885 in total: 1,070 in 2023, 1,190 in 2024, 1,640 in 2025, 2,985 in 2026.

How many Reinforcement Learning papers are at NeurIPS 2026?

NeurIPS 2026 has 760 Reinforcement Learning papers, versus 784 the year before.

How many Reinforcement Learning papers are at ICLR 2026?

ICLR 2026 has 911 Reinforcement Learning papers, versus 379 the year before.

How many Reinforcement Learning papers are at ICML 2026?

ICML 2026 has 1,021 Reinforcement Learning papers, versus 405 the year before.

How many Reinforcement Learning papers are at CVPR 2026?

CVPR 2026 has 293 Reinforcement Learning papers, versus 72 the year before.

Which conference publishes the most Reinforcement Learning papers?

NeurIPS, with 2,494 papers from 2023 to 2026.