Reinforcement Learning papers, 2023–2026

Key findings

• Reinforcement Learning went from 1,070 papers in 2023 to 2,985 in 2026, roughly 2.8x in three years.
• NeurIPS publishes the most Reinforcement Learning work: 2,494 papers from 2023 to 2026, 36% of the four-venue total.
• The fastest-growing overlap is with Reasoning Models: papers tagged with both rose from 9 in 2023 to 437 in 2026.

Representative papers

Spread across years and venues so every edition shows up

• NeurIPS 2026\texttt{FEROM}: Frontier Endogenous Reveal-Order Marginal Policy Optimization for Masked Diffusion LMs
• ICML 2026$\text{DT}^\text{2}$: Decision-Targeted Digital Twins
• ICLR 2026$\nabla$-Reasoner: LLM Reasoning via Test-Time Gradient Descent in Textual Space
• CVPR 2026A Causal Marriage between VLM and IRM from Understanding to
• NeurIPS 2025$\texttt{G1}$: Teaching LLMs to Reason on Graphs with Reinforcement Learning
• ICML 2025A Computationally Efficient Algorithm for Infinite-Horizon Average-Reward Linear MDPs
• ICLR 2025$\phi$-Update: A Class of Policy Update Methods with Policy Convergence Guarantee
• CVPR 2025All-Optical Nonlinear Diffractive Deep Network for Ultrafast Image Denoising
• NeurIPS 2024A Critical Evaluation of AI Feedback for Aligning Large Language Models
• ICML 2024${\rm E}(3)$-Equivariant Actor-Critic Methods for Cooperative Multi-Agent Reinforcement Learning
• ICLR 2024A Black-box Approach for Non-stationary Multi-agent Reinforcement Learning
• CVPR 2024DMR: Decomposed Multi-Modality Representations for Frames and Events Fusion in Visual Reinforcement Learning
• NeurIPS 2023“Why Not Looking backward?” A Robust Two-Step Method to Automatically Terminate Bayesian Optimization
• ICML 2023A Connection between One-Step RL and Critic Regularization in Reinforcement Learning
• ICLR 2023$O(T^{-1})$ Convergence of Optimistic-Follow-the-Regularized-Leader in Two-Player Zero-Sum Markov Games
• CVPR 2023"Seeing" Electric Network Frequency From Events
• NeurIPS 2026$\varphi$TD: Distributional Reinforcement Learning using Characteristic Functions
• ICML 2026$\textit{S}$-SPPO: Semantic-Calibrated Self-Play Preference Optimization
• ICLR 2026$AutoDrive\text{-}P^3$: Unified Chain of Perception–Prediction–Planning Thought via Reinforcement Fine-Tuning
• CVPR 2026AdaptVision Efficient Vision-Language Models via Adaptive Visual Acquisition

All Reinforcement Learning papers

1,021 papers, page 19 of 21

901. ICML 2026The Two-Hump Problem: Bridging the Difficulty Gap in Mathematical Reinforcement Learning
902. ICML 2026The Unlearnability Phenomenon in RLVR for Language Models
903. ICML 2026The Value Function Semi-Algebraic Set in Partially Observable Markov Decision Processes
904. ICML 2026Theoretical Perspectives on Data Quality and Synergistic Effects in Pre- and Post-Training Reasoning Models
905. ICML 2026ThetaEvolve: Test-time Learning on Open Problems
906. ICML 2026Think Fast and Slow: Step-Level Cognitive Depth Adaptation for LLM Agents
907. ICML 2026Think Less, Act Early: Reinforced Latent Reasoning with Early Exit in Vision-Language-Action Models
908. ICML 2026Thinking in Latent Space: Progressive Multimodal Simplification for Visual Reasoning
909. ICML 2026This State Looks Like That: Self-Interpretable Reinforcement Learning Agents using Prototype Soft Actor-Critic
910. ICML 2026ThoughtFold: Folding Reasoning Chains via Introspective Preference Learning
911. ICML 2026ThreadWeaver: Adaptive Threading for Efficient Parallel Reasoning in Language Models
912. ICML 2026Threshold-Guided Optimization for Visual Generative Models
913. ICML 2026ThunderAgent: A Fast, Simple, and Program-Aware Agentic Inference System
914. ICML 2026TIC-VLA: A Think-in-Control Vision-Language-Action Model for Robot Navigation in Dynamic Environments
915. ICML 2026Time Series Reasoning via Process-Verifiable Thinking Data Synthesis and Scheduling for Tailored LLM Reasoning
916. ICML 2026Time-Consistent Robust Multi-Objective Reinforcement Learning via a Bellman–Isaacs Weight-Adversary Recursion
917. ICML 2026TimeRewarder: Learning Dense Reward from Passive Videos via Frame-wise Temporal Distance
918. ICML 2026TMS: Trajectory-Mixed Supervision for On-Policy Self Distillation
919. ICML 2026TodoEvolve: Learning to Architect Agent Planning Systems
920. ICML 2026Token-Sparse Medical Multimodal Reasoning via Dual-Stream Reinforcement Learning
921. ICML 2026ToolOrchestra: Elevating Intelligence via Efficient Model and Tool Orchestration
922. ICML 2026Tournament Style RL: Stabilizing Policy Optimization on Non Verifiable Problems
923. ICML 2026Toward Subspace-Perturbed Trajectory-Aware Backdoor Attacks in Deep Reinforcement Learning
924. ICML 2026Toward Training Superintelligent Software Agents through Self-Play SWE-RL
925. ICML 2026Towards Achieving Optimal Strong Regret and Constraint Violation via Computationally Efficient Model-free RL
926. ICML 2026Towards Cold-Start Drafting and Continual Refining: A Value-Driven Memory Approach with Application to NPU Kernel Synthesis
927. ICML 2026Towards Complete Multi-Agent Coordination Policy Learning via Denoising Maximum Entropy Optimization
928. ICML 2026Towards Efficient and Expressive Offline RL via Flow-Anchored Noise-conditioned Q-Learning
929. ICML 2026Towards Efficient Large Language Reasoning Models via Extreme-Ratio Chain-of-Thought Compression
930. ICML 2026Towards Execution-Grounded Automated AI Research
931. ICML 2026Towards High-Fidelity CAD Generation via LLM-Driven Program Generation and Text-Based B-Rep Primitive Grounding
932. ICML 2026Towards On-Policy SFT: Distribution Discriminant Theory and its Applications in LLM Training
933. ICML 2026Towards Parameter-Free Temporal Difference Learning
934. ICML 2026Towards Pareto-Optimal Tool-Integrated Agents with Pareto Ranking Policy Optimization
935. ICML 2026Towards Practical World Model-based Reinforcement Learning for Vision-Language-Action Models
936. ICML 2026TQL: Scaling Q-Functions with Transformers by Preventing Attention Collapse
937. ICML 2026TRACE: Toulmin-based Reasoning Assessment through Constructive Elements for LLM CoT Evaluation
938. ICML 2026TraCeS: Learning Per-Timestep Constraint-Violation Credit from Sparse Trajectory-Level Labels
939. ICML 2026Tracking Drift: Variation-Aware Entropy Scheduling for Non-Stationary Reinforcement Learning
940. ICML 2026Train for Truth, Keep the Skills: Binary Retrieval-Augmented Reward Mitigates Hallucinations
941. ICML 2026Training AI Co-Scientists Using Rubric Rewards
942. ICML 2026Training Diffusion Language Models for Black-Box Optimization
943. ICML 2026Trajectory-Level Data Augmentation for Offline Reinforcement Learning
944. ICML 2026Transferable Reinforcement Learning via Probabilistic Latent Embeddings and Dynamic Policy Adaptation for Sim-to-Real Deployment
945. ICML 2026Transformers with RL or SFT Provably Learn Sparse Boolean Functions, But Differently
946. ICML 2026Transitivity Meets Cyclicity: Explicit Preference Decomposition for Dynamic Large Language Model Alignment
947. ICML 2026Transport or Discard: Robust Unbalanced Optimal Transport for Cross-Domain Policy Adaptation
948. ICML 2026TreePO: Enhancing Policy Efficacy and Inference Efficiency with Tree Modeling
949. ICML 2026Triadic Dynamics Aware Diffusion Posterior Sampling for Inverse Problems: Optimizing Guidance and Stochasticity Schedules
950. ICML 2026TRIP-Bench: A Benchmark for Long-Horizon Interactive Agents in Real-World Scenarios

FAQ

How many Reinforcement Learning papers were published at NeurIPS, ICLR, ICML and CVPR from 2023 to 2026?

6,885 in total: 1,070 in 2023, 1,190 in 2024, 1,640 in 2025, 2,985 in 2026.

How many Reinforcement Learning papers are at NeurIPS 2026?

NeurIPS 2026 has 760 Reinforcement Learning papers, versus 784 the year before.

How many Reinforcement Learning papers are at ICLR 2026?

ICLR 2026 has 911 Reinforcement Learning papers, versus 379 the year before.

How many Reinforcement Learning papers are at ICML 2026?

ICML 2026 has 1,021 Reinforcement Learning papers, versus 405 the year before.

How many Reinforcement Learning papers are at CVPR 2026?

CVPR 2026 has 293 Reinforcement Learning papers, versus 72 the year before.

Which conference publishes the most Reinforcement Learning papers?

NeurIPS, with 2,494 papers from 2023 to 2026.