Reinforcement Learning papers, 2023–2026

Key findings

• Reinforcement Learning went from 1,070 papers in 2023 to 2,985 in 2026, roughly 2.8x in three years.
• NeurIPS publishes the most Reinforcement Learning work: 2,494 papers from 2023 to 2026, 36% of the four-venue total.
• The fastest-growing overlap is with Reasoning Models: papers tagged with both rose from 9 in 2023 to 437 in 2026.

Representative papers

Spread across years and venues so every edition shows up

• NeurIPS 2026\texttt{FEROM}: Frontier Endogenous Reveal-Order Marginal Policy Optimization for Masked Diffusion LMs
• ICML 2026$\text{DT}^\text{2}$: Decision-Targeted Digital Twins
• ICLR 2026$\nabla$-Reasoner: LLM Reasoning via Test-Time Gradient Descent in Textual Space
• CVPR 2026A Causal Marriage between VLM and IRM from Understanding to
• NeurIPS 2025$\texttt{G1}$: Teaching LLMs to Reason on Graphs with Reinforcement Learning
• ICML 2025A Computationally Efficient Algorithm for Infinite-Horizon Average-Reward Linear MDPs
• ICLR 2025$\phi$-Update: A Class of Policy Update Methods with Policy Convergence Guarantee
• CVPR 2025All-Optical Nonlinear Diffractive Deep Network for Ultrafast Image Denoising
• NeurIPS 2024A Critical Evaluation of AI Feedback for Aligning Large Language Models
• ICML 2024${\rm E}(3)$-Equivariant Actor-Critic Methods for Cooperative Multi-Agent Reinforcement Learning
• ICLR 2024A Black-box Approach for Non-stationary Multi-agent Reinforcement Learning
• CVPR 2024DMR: Decomposed Multi-Modality Representations for Frames and Events Fusion in Visual Reinforcement Learning
• NeurIPS 2023“Why Not Looking backward?” A Robust Two-Step Method to Automatically Terminate Bayesian Optimization
• ICML 2023A Connection between One-Step RL and Critic Regularization in Reinforcement Learning
• ICLR 2023$O(T^{-1})$ Convergence of Optimistic-Follow-the-Regularized-Leader in Two-Player Zero-Sum Markov Games
• CVPR 2023"Seeing" Electric Network Frequency From Events
• NeurIPS 2026$\varphi$TD: Distributional Reinforcement Learning using Characteristic Functions
• ICML 2026$\textit{S}$-SPPO: Semantic-Calibrated Self-Play Preference Optimization
• ICLR 2026$AutoDrive\text{-}P^3$: Unified Chain of Perception–Prediction–Planning Thought via Reinforcement Fine-Tuning
• CVPR 2026AdaptVision Efficient Vision-Language Models via Adaptive Visual Acquisition

All Reinforcement Learning papers

1,021 papers, page 16 of 21

751. ICML 2026Reward Shaping Control Variates for Off-Policy Evaluation Under Sparse Rewards
752. ICML 2026Reward-Preserving Counterfactual State Editing for Offline Reinforcement Learning
753. ICML 2026RiskZero: Plan More to Risk Less with a Learned Model
754. ICML 2026RL with Learnable Textual Feedback: A Bilevel Approach
755. ICML 2026RL-SPH: Learning to Achieve Feasible Solutions for Integer Linear Programs
756. ICML 2026RL4RLA: Teaching ML to Discover Randomized Linear Algebra Algorithms Through Curriculum Design and Graph-Based Search
757. ICML 2026RLAnything: Forge Environment, Policy, and Reward Model in Completely Dynamic RL System
758. ICML 2026RLCracker: Evaluating the Worst-Case Vulnerability of LLM Watermarks with Adaptive RL Attacks
759. ICML 2026RLVE: Scaling Up Reinforcement Learning for Language Models with Adaptive Verifiable Environments
760. ICML 2026RN-D: Discretized Categorical Actors for On-Policy Reinforcement Learning
761. ICML 2026Robust Contextual Optimization with Missing Covariates
762. ICML 2026Robust In-Context Reinforcement Learning Under Reward Poisoning Attacks
763. ICML 2026Robust Sequential Experimental Design for A/B Testing
764. ICML 2026Robust-U1: Can MLLMs Self-Recover Corrupted Visual Content for Robust Understanding?
765. ICML 2026Role-Level Inductive Bias for Cross-Task Generalization in Multi-Agent Reinforcement Learning
766. ICML 2026RSAgent: Learning to Reason and Act via Multi-Turn Tool Invocations for Text-Guided Segmentation
767. ICML 2026Rubric Curriculum RL: Exploiting the Generation-Verification Gap in Non-Verifiable Domains
768. ICML 2026RuCL: Stratified Rubric-Based Curriculum Learning for Multimodal Large Language Model Reasoning
769. ICML 2026RulePlanner: All-in-One Reinforcement Learner for Unifying Design Rules in 3D Floorplanning
770. ICML 2026Safe In-Context Reinforcement Learning
771. ICML 2026Safe Reinforcement Learning with Preference-based Constraint Inference
772. ICML 2026Safety Alignment of LMs via Non-cooperative Games
773. ICML 2026Safety Game: Inference-Time Alignment of Black-Box LLMs via Constrained Optimization
774. ICML 2026Safety Generalization Under Distribution Shift in Safe Reinforcement Learning: A Diabetes Testbed
775. ICML 2026Safety Recovery in Reasoning Models Is Only a Few Early Steering Steps Away
776. ICML 2026SAGE: Shaping Anchors for Guided Exploration in RLVR of LLMs
777. ICML 2026Salus: Strategic Diagnostic Testing for Complex Diagnosis via Multi-Agent Reinforcement Learning
778. ICML 2026Sample-Efficient Diffusion-based Reinforcement Learning with Critic Guidance
779. ICML 2026SARL: Structure-Aligned Reinforcement Learning for Bridging the Perception-Action Gap in Airspace
780. ICML 2026Scalable and General Whole-Body Control for Cross-Humanoid Locomotion
781. ICML 2026Scalable Option Learning in High-Throughput Environments
782. ICML 2026Scalable Power Sampling: Unlocking Efficient, Training-Free Reasoning for LLMs via Distribution Sharpening
783. ICML 2026Scalable Reinforcement Learning via Adaptive Batch Scaling
784. ICML 2026Scalable Traffic Signal Control with Shared Policy Framework
785. ICML 2026ScaleMoE: Mixture-of-Experts for Scalable Continuous Control in Actor-Critic Reinforcement Learning
786. ICML 2026Scaling Agentic Verifier for Competitive Coding
787. ICML 2026Scaling Generative Verifiers For Natural Language Mathematical Proof Verification And Selection
788. ICML 2026Scaling Long-Horizon Agent via Context Folding
789. ICML 2026Scaling Multi-Agent Environment Co-Design with Diffusion Models
790. ICML 2026Scaling the Scaling Logic: Agentic Meta-Synthesis of Logic Reasoning
791. ICML 2026Scaling up Multi-Turn Off-Policy RL and Multi-Agent Tree Search for LLM Step-Provers
792. ICML 2026Scaling, Benchmarking, and Reasoning of Vision-Language Agents for Mobile GUI Navigation
793. ICML 2026ScenePilot: Controllable Boundary-Driven Critical Scenario Generation for Autonomous Driving
794. ICML 2026Scheduling Thoughts: Learning the Order of Thought in Diffusion Language Models
795. ICML 2026SCOPE: Selective Conformal Optimized Pairwise LLM Judging
796. ICML 2026Search-R2: Enhancing Search-Integrated Reasoning via Actor-Refiner Collaboration
797. ICML 2026Second-Order Smooth Planning with Optimal-Transport Bellman Smoothing
798. ICML 2026Secure Multi-agent Reinforcement Learning for Service Systems with Affinity and Byzantine Nodes: Stability Analysis and Protection Design
799. ICML 2026See First, Reason Later: Mutual Information-Guided Reinforcement Learning for Vision-Language Models
800. ICML 2026See, Act, Adapt: Active Perception for Unsupervised Cross-Domain Visual Adaptation via Personalized VLM-Guided Agent

FAQ

How many Reinforcement Learning papers were published at NeurIPS, ICLR, ICML and CVPR from 2023 to 2026?

6,885 in total: 1,070 in 2023, 1,190 in 2024, 1,640 in 2025, 2,985 in 2026.

How many Reinforcement Learning papers are at NeurIPS 2026?

NeurIPS 2026 has 760 Reinforcement Learning papers, versus 784 the year before.

How many Reinforcement Learning papers are at ICLR 2026?

ICLR 2026 has 911 Reinforcement Learning papers, versus 379 the year before.

How many Reinforcement Learning papers are at ICML 2026?

ICML 2026 has 1,021 Reinforcement Learning papers, versus 405 the year before.

How many Reinforcement Learning papers are at CVPR 2026?

CVPR 2026 has 293 Reinforcement Learning papers, versus 72 the year before.

Which conference publishes the most Reinforcement Learning papers?

NeurIPS, with 2,494 papers from 2023 to 2026.