Reinforcement Learning papers, 2023–2026

Key findings

• Reinforcement Learning went from 1,070 papers in 2023 to 2,985 in 2026, roughly 2.8x in three years.
• NeurIPS publishes the most Reinforcement Learning work: 2,494 papers from 2023 to 2026, 36% of the four-venue total.
• The fastest-growing overlap is with Reasoning Models: papers tagged with both rose from 9 in 2023 to 437 in 2026.

Representative papers

Spread across years and venues so every edition shows up

• NeurIPS 2026\texttt{FEROM}: Frontier Endogenous Reveal-Order Marginal Policy Optimization for Masked Diffusion LMs
• ICML 2026$\text{DT}^\text{2}$: Decision-Targeted Digital Twins
• ICLR 2026$\nabla$-Reasoner: LLM Reasoning via Test-Time Gradient Descent in Textual Space
• CVPR 2026A Causal Marriage between VLM and IRM from Understanding to
• NeurIPS 2025$\texttt{G1}$: Teaching LLMs to Reason on Graphs with Reinforcement Learning
• ICML 2025A Computationally Efficient Algorithm for Infinite-Horizon Average-Reward Linear MDPs
• ICLR 2025$\phi$-Update: A Class of Policy Update Methods with Policy Convergence Guarantee
• CVPR 2025All-Optical Nonlinear Diffractive Deep Network for Ultrafast Image Denoising
• NeurIPS 2024A Critical Evaluation of AI Feedback for Aligning Large Language Models
• ICML 2024${\rm E}(3)$-Equivariant Actor-Critic Methods for Cooperative Multi-Agent Reinforcement Learning
• ICLR 2024A Black-box Approach for Non-stationary Multi-agent Reinforcement Learning
• CVPR 2024DMR: Decomposed Multi-Modality Representations for Frames and Events Fusion in Visual Reinforcement Learning
• NeurIPS 2023“Why Not Looking backward?” A Robust Two-Step Method to Automatically Terminate Bayesian Optimization
• ICML 2023A Connection between One-Step RL and Critic Regularization in Reinforcement Learning
• ICLR 2023$O(T^{-1})$ Convergence of Optimistic-Follow-the-Regularized-Leader in Two-Player Zero-Sum Markov Games
• CVPR 2023"Seeing" Electric Network Frequency From Events
• NeurIPS 2026$\varphi$TD: Distributional Reinforcement Learning using Characteristic Functions
• ICML 2026$\textit{S}$-SPPO: Semantic-Calibrated Self-Play Preference Optimization
• ICLR 2026$AutoDrive\text{-}P^3$: Unified Chain of Perception–Prediction–Planning Thought via Reinforcement Fine-Tuning
• CVPR 2026AdaptVision Efficient Vision-Language Models via Adaptive Visual Acquisition

All Reinforcement Learning papers

1,640 papers, page 13 of 33

601. ICML 2025Graph-Supported Dynamic Algorithm Configuration for Multi-Objective Combinatorial Optimization
602. ICML 2025Guided Zeroth-Order Methods for Stochastic Non-convex Problems with Decision-Dependent Distributions
603. ICML 2025Habitizing Diffusion Planning for Efficient and Effective Decision Making
604. ICML 2025Hierarchical Reinforcement Learning with Targeted Causal Interventions
605. ICML 2025Hierarchical Reinforcement Learning with Uncertainty-Guided Diffusional Subgoals
606. ICML 2025High-Dimensional Prediction for Sequential Decision Making
607. ICML 2025How does Labeling Error Impact Contrastive Learning? A Perspective from Data Dimensionality Reduction
608. ICML 2025HYGMA: Hypergraph Coordination Networks with Dynamic Grouping for Multi-Agent Reinforcement Learning
609. ICML 2025Hyper: Hyperparameter Robust Efficient Exploration in Reinforcement Learning
610. ICML 2025Hyperspherical Normalization for Scalable Deep Reinforcement Learning
611. ICML 2025IL-SOAR : Imitation Learning with Soft Optimistic Actor cRitic
612. ICML 2025Imitation Learning from a Single Temporally Misaligned Video
613. ICML 2025Improved Lower Bounds for First-order Stochastic Non-convex Optimization under Markov Sampling
614. ICML 2025Improved Off-policy Reinforcement Learning in Biological Sequence Design
615. ICML 2025Improving Parallel Program Performance with LLM Optimizers via Agent-System Interfaces
616. ICML 2025Improving Reward Model Generalization from Adversarial Process Enhanced Preferences
617. ICML 2025Improving the Continuity of Goal-Achievement Ability via Policy Self-Regularization for Goal-Conditioned Reinforcement Learning
618. ICML 2025Improving Transformer World Models for Data-Efficient RL
619. ICML 2025Improving Value Estimation Critically Enhances Vanilla Policy Gradient
620. ICML 2025In-Context Reinforcement Learning From Suboptimal Historical Data
621. ICML 2025Incentivize without Bonus: Provably Efficient Model-based Online Multi-agent RL for Markov Games
622. ICML 2025Inducing, Detecting and Characterising Neural Modules: A Pipeline for Functional Interpretability in Reinforcement Learning
623. ICML 2025Intersectional Fairness in Reinforcement Learning with Large State and Constraint Spaces
624. ICML 2025Inverse Reinforcement Learning with Switching Rewards and History Dependency for Characterizing Animal Behaviors
625. ICML 2025Investigating the Overlooked Hessian Structure: From CNNs to LLMs
626. ICML 2025Is Best-of-N the Best of Them? Coverage, Scaling, and Optimality in Inference-Time Alignment
627. ICML 2025KEA: Keeping Exploration Alive by Proactively Coordinating Exploration Strategies
628. ICML 2025Knowledge Retention in Continual Model-Based Reinforcement Learning
629. ICML 2025LangTime: A Language-Guided Unified Model for Time Series Forecasting with Proximal Policy Optimization
630. ICML 2025Language Models as Implicit Tree Search
631. ICML 2025LARM: Large Auto-Regressive Model for Long-Horizon Embodied Intelligence
632. ICML 2025Latent Action Learning Requires Supervision in the Presence of Distractors
633. ICML 2025Layer-wise Alignment: Examining Safety Alignment Across Image Encoder Layers in Vision Language Models
634. ICML 2025LBI-FL: Low-Bit Integerized Federated Learning with Temporally Dynamic Bit-Width Allocation
635. ICML 2025Learning Dynamics under Environmental Constraints via Measurement-Induced Bundle Structures
636. ICML 2025Learning from Suboptimal Data in Continuous Control via Auto-Regressive Soft Q-Network
637. ICML 2025Learning Fused State Representations for Control from Multi-View Observations
638. ICML 2025Learning Mean Field Control on Sparse Graphs
639. ICML 2025Learning Policy Committees for Effective Personalization in MDPs with Diverse Tasks
640. ICML 2025Learning Progress Driven Multi-Agent Curriculum
641. ICML 2025Learning to Reuse Policies in State Evolvable Environments
642. ICML 2025Learning to Trust Bellman Updates: Selective State-Adaptive Regularization for Offline RL
643. ICML 2025Learning Utilities from Demonstrations in Markov Decision Processes
644. ICML 2025Learning with Selectively Labeled Data from Multiple Decision-makers
645. ICML 2025Leveraging Offline Data in Linear Latent Contextual Bandits
646. ICML 2025Leveraging Skills from Unlabeled Prior Data for Efficient Online Exploration
647. ICML 2025Linear $Q$-Learning Does Not Diverge in $L^2$: Convergence Rates to a Bounded Set
648. ICML 2025LineFlow: A Framework to Learn Active Control of Production Lines
649. ICML 2025LipsNet++: Unifying Filter and Controller into a Policy Network
650. ICML 2025LLM Alignment as Retriever Optimization: An Information Retrieval Perspective

FAQ

How many Reinforcement Learning papers were published at NeurIPS, ICLR, ICML and CVPR from 2023 to 2026?

6,885 in total: 1,070 in 2023, 1,190 in 2024, 1,640 in 2025, 2,985 in 2026.

How many Reinforcement Learning papers are at NeurIPS 2026?

NeurIPS 2026 has 760 Reinforcement Learning papers, versus 784 the year before.

How many Reinforcement Learning papers are at ICLR 2026?

ICLR 2026 has 911 Reinforcement Learning papers, versus 379 the year before.

How many Reinforcement Learning papers are at ICML 2026?

ICML 2026 has 1,021 Reinforcement Learning papers, versus 405 the year before.

How many Reinforcement Learning papers are at CVPR 2026?

CVPR 2026 has 293 Reinforcement Learning papers, versus 72 the year before.

Which conference publishes the most Reinforcement Learning papers?

NeurIPS, with 2,494 papers from 2023 to 2026.