Reinforcement Learning papers, 2023–2026

Key findings

• Reinforcement Learning went from 1,070 papers in 2023 to 2,985 in 2026, roughly 2.8x in three years.
• NeurIPS publishes the most Reinforcement Learning work: 2,494 papers from 2023 to 2026, 36% of the four-venue total.
• The fastest-growing overlap is with Reasoning Models: papers tagged with both rose from 9 in 2023 to 437 in 2026.

Representative papers

Spread across years and venues so every edition shows up

• NeurIPS 2026\texttt{FEROM}: Frontier Endogenous Reveal-Order Marginal Policy Optimization for Masked Diffusion LMs
• ICML 2026$\text{DT}^\text{2}$: Decision-Targeted Digital Twins
• ICLR 2026$\nabla$-Reasoner: LLM Reasoning via Test-Time Gradient Descent in Textual Space
• CVPR 2026A Causal Marriage between VLM and IRM from Understanding to
• NeurIPS 2025$\texttt{G1}$: Teaching LLMs to Reason on Graphs with Reinforcement Learning
• ICML 2025A Computationally Efficient Algorithm for Infinite-Horizon Average-Reward Linear MDPs
• ICLR 2025$\phi$-Update: A Class of Policy Update Methods with Policy Convergence Guarantee
• CVPR 2025All-Optical Nonlinear Diffractive Deep Network for Ultrafast Image Denoising
• NeurIPS 2024A Critical Evaluation of AI Feedback for Aligning Large Language Models
• ICML 2024${\rm E}(3)$-Equivariant Actor-Critic Methods for Cooperative Multi-Agent Reinforcement Learning
• ICLR 2024A Black-box Approach for Non-stationary Multi-agent Reinforcement Learning
• CVPR 2024DMR: Decomposed Multi-Modality Representations for Frames and Events Fusion in Visual Reinforcement Learning
• NeurIPS 2023“Why Not Looking backward?” A Robust Two-Step Method to Automatically Terminate Bayesian Optimization
• ICML 2023A Connection between One-Step RL and Critic Regularization in Reinforcement Learning
• ICLR 2023$O(T^{-1})$ Convergence of Optimistic-Follow-the-Regularized-Leader in Two-Player Zero-Sum Markov Games
• CVPR 2023"Seeing" Electric Network Frequency From Events
• NeurIPS 2026$\varphi$TD: Distributional Reinforcement Learning using Characteristic Functions
• ICML 2026$\textit{S}$-SPPO: Semantic-Calibrated Self-Play Preference Optimization
• ICLR 2026$AutoDrive\text{-}P^3$: Unified Chain of Perception–Prediction–Planning Thought via Reinforcement Fine-Tuning
• CVPR 2026AdaptVision Efficient Vision-Language Models via Adaptive Visual Acquisition

All Reinforcement Learning papers

2,985 papers, page 12 of 60

551. ICLR 2026FAPO: Flawed-Aware Policy Optimization for Efficient and Reliable Reasoning
552. ICLR 2026FastGRPO: Accelerating Policy Optimization via Concurrency-aware Speculative Decoding and Online Draft Learning
553. ICLR 2026Fathom-DeepResearch: Unlocking Long Horizon Information Retrieval and Synthesis for SLMs
554. ICLR 2026Federated ADMM from Bayesian Duality
555. ICLR 2026Fine-R1: Make Multi-modal LLMs Excel in Fine-Grained Visual Recognition by Chain-of-Thought Reasoning
556. ICLR 2026Fine-tuning Behavioral Cloning Policies with Preference‑Based Reinforcement Learning
557. ICLR 2026Fine-Tuning Diffusion Models via Intermediate Distribution Shaping
558. ICLR 2026Finite-Time Analysis of Actor-Critic Methods with Deep Neural Network Approximation
559. ICLR 2026FIRE: Frobenius-Isometry Reinitialization for Balancing the Stability–Plasticity Tradeoff
560. ICLR 2026floq: Training Critics via Flow-Matching for Scaling Compute in Value-Based RL
561. ICLR 2026Flow Actor-Critic for Offline Reinforcement Learning
562. ICLR 2026Flow Matching Policy Gradients
563. ICLR 2026Flow Matching with Injected Noise for Offline-to-Online Reinforcement Learning
564. ICLR 2026Flow-Based Single-Step Completion for Efficient and Expressive Policy Learning
565. ICLR 2026Flowing Through States: Neural ODE Regularization for Reinforcement Learning
566. ICLR 2026FlowRL: Matching Reward Distributions for LLM Reasoning
567. ICLR 2026Foundational Automatic Evaluators: Scaling Multi-Task Generative Evaluator Training for Reasoning-Centric Domains
568. ICLR 2026FrameThinker: Learning to Think with Long Videos via Multi-Turn Frame Spotlighting
569. ICLR 2026From Broad Exploration to Stable Synthesis: Entropy-Guided Optimization for Autoregressive Image Generation
570. ICLR 2026From Curiosity to Caution: Mitigating Reward Hacking for Best-of-$N$ with Pessimism
571. ICLR 2026From f(x) and g(x) to f(g(x)): LLMs Learn New Skills in RL by Composing Old Ones
572. ICLR 2026From Gradient Volume to Shapley Fairness: Towards Fair Multi-Task Learning
573. ICLR 2026From Language to Locomotion: Retargeting-free Humanoid Control via Motion Latent Guidance
574. ICLR 2026From Narrow to Panoramic Vision: Attention-Guided Cold-Start Reshapes Multimodal Reasoning
575. ICLR 2026From Observations to Events: Event-Aware World Models for Reinforcement Learning
576. ICLR 2026From Parameters to Behaviors: Unsupervised Compression of the Policy Space
577. ICLR 2026From Seeing to Experiencing: Scaling Navigation Foundation Models with Reinforcement Learning
578. ICLR 2026From Sequential to Parallel: Reformulating Dynamic Programming as GPU Kernels for Large-Scale Stochastic Combinatorial Optimization
579. ICLR 2026From Sorting Algorithms to Scalable Kernels: Bayesian Optimization in High-Dimensional Permutation Spaces
580. ICLR 2026From Ticks to Flows: Dynamics of Neural Reinforcement Learning in Continuous Environments
581. ICLR 2026From Verifiable Dot to Reward Chain: Harnessing Verifiable Reference-based Rewards for Reinforcement Learning of Open-ended Generation
582. ICLR 2026Frozen Policy Iteration: Computationally Efficient RL under Linear $Q^{\pi}$ Realizability for Deterministic Dynamics
583. ICLR 2026FrugalRAG: Less is More in RL Finetuning for Multi-hop Question Answering
584. ICLR 2026Gaia2: Benchmarking LLM Agents on Dynamic and Asynchronous Environments
585. ICLR 2026GALAX: Graph-Augmented Language Model for Explainable Reinforcement-Guided Subgraph Reasoning in Precision Medicine
586. ICLR 2026GAR: Generative Adversarial Reinforcement Learning for Formal Theorem Proving
587. ICLR 2026GAS: Enhancing Reward-Cost Balance of Generative Model-assisted Offline Safe RL
588. ICLR 2026GDPval: Evaluating AI Model Performance on Real-World Economically Valuable Tasks
589. ICLR 2026GEM: A Gym for Generalist LLMs
590. ICLR 2026General Exploratory Bonus for Optimistic Exploration in RLHF
591. ICLR 2026Generalizable End-to-End Tool-Use RL with Synthetic CodeGym
592. ICLR 2026Generalization of RLVR Using Causal Reasoning as a Testbed
593. ICLR 2026Generalized Parallel Scaling with Interdependent Generations
594. ICLR 2026Generative Adversarial Post-Training Mitigates Reward Hacking in Live Human-AI Music Interaction
595. ICLR 2026Generative Adversarial Reasoner: Enhancing LLM Reasoning with Adversarial Reinforcement Learning
596. ICLR 2026Geometric-Mean Policy Optimization
597. ICLR 2026Geometry of Uncertainty: Learning Metric Spaces for Multimodal State Estimation in RL
598. ICLR 2026GEPA: Reflective Prompt Evolution Can Outperform Reinforcement Learning
599. ICLR 2026GEPO: Group Expectation Policy Optimization for Stable Heterogeneous Reinforcement Learning
600. ICLR 2026Getting Your LLMs Ready for Reinforcement Learning with Lightweight SFT

FAQ

How many Reinforcement Learning papers were published at NeurIPS, ICLR, ICML and CVPR from 2023 to 2026?

6,885 in total: 1,070 in 2023, 1,190 in 2024, 1,640 in 2025, 2,985 in 2026.

How many Reinforcement Learning papers are at NeurIPS 2026?

NeurIPS 2026 has 760 Reinforcement Learning papers, versus 784 the year before.

How many Reinforcement Learning papers are at ICLR 2026?

ICLR 2026 has 911 Reinforcement Learning papers, versus 379 the year before.

How many Reinforcement Learning papers are at ICML 2026?

ICML 2026 has 1,021 Reinforcement Learning papers, versus 405 the year before.

How many Reinforcement Learning papers are at CVPR 2026?

CVPR 2026 has 293 Reinforcement Learning papers, versus 72 the year before.

Which conference publishes the most Reinforcement Learning papers?

NeurIPS, with 2,494 papers from 2023 to 2026.