Multi-Agent RL papers, 2023–2026

Key findings

• Multi-Agent RL went from 311 papers in 2023 to 868 in 2026, roughly 2.8x in three years.
• NeurIPS publishes the most Multi-Agent RL work: 809 papers from 2023 to 2026, 38% of the four-venue total.
• The fastest-growing overlap is with Multimodal LLMs: papers tagged with both rose from 9 in 2023 to 70 in 2026.
• Among the 5 topics under Games and Planning, it ranks #1 by 2026 paper count; the fastest grower in the group, Classical Planning, is up 3.3x versus 2.8x here.

Representative papers

Spread across years and venues so every edition shows up

• NeurIPS 20262-Step Agent: How a Bayesian Decision Maker Learns from AI-Decision Support
• ICML 2026A Causal Decomposition Approach for Fair Contextual Multi-Armed Bandits
• ICLR 2026Calibrated Information Bottleneck for Trusted Multi-modal Clustering
• CVPR 2026A Sanity Check for Multi-In-Domain Face Forgery Detection in the
• NeurIPS 2025Algorithms and SQ Lower Bounds for Robustly Learning Real-valued Multi-Index Models
• ICML 2025A Classification View on Meta Learning Bandits
• ICLR 2025BEEM: Boosting Performance of Early Exit DNNs using Multi-Exit Classifiers as Experts
• CVPR 2025All-Day Multi-Camera Multi-Target Tracking
• NeurIPS 2024A New Multi-Source Light Detection Benchmark and Semi-Supervised Focal Light Detection
• ICML 2024A Federated Stochastic Multi-level Compositional Minimax Algorithm for Deep AUC Maximization
• ICLR 2024An Intuitive Multi-Frequency Feature Representation for SO(3)-Equivariant Networks
• CVPR 2024DeconfuseTrack: Dealing with Confusion for Multi-Object Tracking
• NeurIPS 2023A Novel Approach for Effective Multi-View Clustering with Information-Theoretic Perspective
• ICML 2023A Framework for Adapting Offline Algorithms to Solve Combinatorial Multi-Armed Bandit Problems with Bandit Feedback
• ICLR 2023An Additive Instance-Wise Approach to Multi-class Model Interpretation
• CVPR 2023A Light Touch Approach to Teaching Transformers Multi-View Geometry
• NeurIPS 2026A Black-Box Reduction from Regret to Multi-Level Coverage
• ICML 2026A Consensus Anchor-guided Hypergraph Framework for Incomplete Multi-view Clustering
• ICLR 2026Confident Block Diagonal Structure-Aware Invariable Graph Completion for Incomplete Multi-view Clustering
• CVPR 2026Anti-Degradation Lifelong Multi-View Clustering

All Multi-Agent RL papers

868 papers, page 7 of 18

301. ICLR 2026Spinning Straw into Gold: Relabeling LLM Agent Trajectories in Hindsight for Successful Demonstrations
302. ICLR 2026STARK: Strategic Team of Agents for Refining Kernels
303. ICLR 2026Stochastic Self-Organization in Multi-Agent Systems
304. ICLR 2026Stop Wasting Your Tokens: Towards Efficient Runtime Multi-Agent Systems
305. ICLR 2026Stronger-MAS: Multi-Agent Reinforcement Learning for Collaborative LLMs
306. ICLR 2026T-TAMER: Provably Taming Trade-offs in ML Serving
307. ICLR 2026TableDART: Dynamic Adaptive Multi-Modal Routing for Table Understanding
308. ICLR 2026Toward Enhancing Representation Learning in Federated Multi-Task Settings
309. ICLR 2026Towards Reliable Benchmarking: A Contamination Free, Controllable Evaluation Framework for Multi-step LLM Function Calling
310. ICLR 2026Towards Self-Evolving Agent Benchmarks : Validatable Agent Trajectory via Test-Time Exploration
311. ICLR 2026Towards Sustainable Investment Policies Informed by Opponent Shaping
312. ICLR 2026Trade in Minutes! Rationality-Driven Agentic System for Quantitative Financial Trading
313. ICLR 2026TRIM: Hybrid Inference via Targeted Stepwise Routing in Multi-Step Reasoning Tasks
314. ICLR 2026Trinity: An Evolved LLM Coordinator
315. ICLR 2026TUMIX: Multi-Agent Test-Time Scaling with Tool-Use Mixture
316. ICLR 2026Uncover Underlying Correspondence for Robust Multi-view Clustering
317. ICLR 2026Unified and Efficient Multi-view Clustering from Probabilistic Perspective
318. ICLR 2026UniTrack: Differentiable Graph Representation Learning for Multi-Object Tracking
319. ICLR 2026Unlocking the Power of Co-Occurrence in CLIP: A DualPrompt-Driven Method for Training-Free Zero-Shot Multi-Label Classification
320. ICLR 2026Unlocking the Power of Multi-Agent LLM for Reasoning: From Lazy Agents to Deliberation
321. ICLR 2026Visual Multi-Agent System: Mitigating Hallucination Snowballing via Visual Flow
322. ICLR 2026WebSailor-V2: Bridging the Chasm to Proprietary Agents via Synthetic Data and Scalable Reinforcement Learning
323. ICLR 2026When Agents “Misremember” Collectively: Exploring the Mandela Effect in LLM-based Multi-Agent Systems
324. ICLR 2026When Does Divide and Conquer Work for Long Context LLM? A Noise Decomposition Framework
325. ICLR 2026Why Keep Your Doubts to Yourself? Trading Visual Uncertainties in Multi-Agent Bandit Systems
326. ICML 2026(Doubly) Exponential Lower Bounds for Follow the Regularized Leader in Potential Games
327. ICML 2026$\texttt{Multi}^2$: Hierarchical Multi-Agent Decision-Making with LLM-Based Agents in Interactive Environments
328. ICML 2026$R^3$DAO: Reactive Recovery and Reconstruction for Long-horizon Data Agent Orchestration
329. ICML 2026A Capacity-Based Rationale for Multi-Head Attention
330. ICML 2026A Causal Decomposition Approach for Fair Contextual Multi-Armed Bandits
331. ICML 2026A Consensus Anchor-guided Hypergraph Framework for Incomplete Multi-view Clustering
332. ICML 2026A Diagnostic Study of Multi-Agent LLMs for Real-World Debates
333. ICML 2026A Noise Sensitivity Exponent Controls Large Statistical-to-Computational Gaps in Single- and Multi-Index Models
334. ICML 2026A Refined Generalization Analysis for Extreme Multi-class Supervised Contrastive Representation Learning
335. ICML 2026Accelerated Multiple Wasserstein Gradient Flows for Multi-objective Distributional Optimization
336. ICML 2026AdaHC: Accelerating Multi-Token Prediction with Adaptive Head Chunking with Pipeline Parallelism
337. ICML 2026Adaptive Multi-Round Allocation with Stochastic Arrivals
338. ICML 2026Adaptive Personalized Federated Learning via Multi-task Averaging of Kernel Mean Embeddings
339. ICML 2026AdvEvo-MARL: Shaping Internalized Safety through Adversarial Co-Evolution in Multi-Agent Reinforcement Learning
340. ICML 2026Agent Primitives: Reuseable Latent Building Blocks for Multi-Agent Systems
341. ICML 2026AgentSteerTTS: A Multi-Agent Closed-Loop Framework for Composite-Instruction Text-to-Speech
342. ICML 2026AgentTailor: A Semantic-Aware LLM-Based Multi-Agent System with Actor-Critic Structure
343. ICML 2026AgentWebBench: Benchmarking Multi-Agent Coordination in Agentic Web
344. ICML 2026AgentXRay: White-Boxing Agentic Systems via Workflow Reconstruction
345. ICML 2026Agora: Toward Autonomous Bug Detection in Production-Level Consensus Protocols with LLM Agents
346. ICML 2026AMDP: Asynchronous Multi-Directional Pipeline Parallelism for Large-Scale Models Training
347. ICML 2026Anytime Detection of Strategic Deviations in Multi-Agent Systems
348. ICML 2026AOrchestra: Automating Sub-Agent Creation for Agentic Orchestration
349. ICML 2026Architecture Matters for Multi-Agent Security
350. ICML 2026ArenaRL: Scaling RL for Open-Ended Agents via Tournament-based Relative Ranking

FAQ

How many Multi-Agent RL papers were published at NeurIPS, ICLR, ICML and CVPR from 2023 to 2026?

2,126 in total: 311 in 2023, 373 in 2024, 574 in 2025, 868 in 2026.

How many Multi-Agent RL papers are at NeurIPS 2026?

NeurIPS 2026 has 319 Multi-Agent RL papers, versus 255 the year before.

How many Multi-Agent RL papers are at ICLR 2026?

ICLR 2026 has 153 Multi-Agent RL papers, versus 91 the year before.

How many Multi-Agent RL papers are at ICML 2026?

ICML 2026 has 224 Multi-Agent RL papers, versus 115 the year before.

How many Multi-Agent RL papers are at CVPR 2026?

CVPR 2026 has 172 Multi-Agent RL papers, versus 113 the year before.

Which conference publishes the most Multi-Agent RL papers?

NeurIPS, with 809 papers from 2023 to 2026.