Multi-Agent RL papers, 2023–2026

Key findings

• Multi-Agent RL went from 311 papers in 2023 to 868 in 2026, roughly 2.8x in three years.
• NeurIPS publishes the most Multi-Agent RL work: 809 papers from 2023 to 2026, 38% of the four-venue total.
• The fastest-growing overlap is with Multimodal LLMs: papers tagged with both rose from 9 in 2023 to 70 in 2026.
• Among the 5 topics under Games and Planning, it ranks #1 by 2026 paper count; the fastest grower in the group, Classical Planning, is up 3.3x versus 2.8x here.

Representative papers

Spread across years and venues so every edition shows up

• NeurIPS 20262-Step Agent: How a Bayesian Decision Maker Learns from AI-Decision Support
• ICML 2026A Causal Decomposition Approach for Fair Contextual Multi-Armed Bandits
• ICLR 2026Calibrated Information Bottleneck for Trusted Multi-modal Clustering
• CVPR 2026A Sanity Check for Multi-In-Domain Face Forgery Detection in the
• NeurIPS 2025Algorithms and SQ Lower Bounds for Robustly Learning Real-valued Multi-Index Models
• ICML 2025A Classification View on Meta Learning Bandits
• ICLR 2025BEEM: Boosting Performance of Early Exit DNNs using Multi-Exit Classifiers as Experts
• CVPR 2025All-Day Multi-Camera Multi-Target Tracking
• NeurIPS 2024A New Multi-Source Light Detection Benchmark and Semi-Supervised Focal Light Detection
• ICML 2024A Federated Stochastic Multi-level Compositional Minimax Algorithm for Deep AUC Maximization
• ICLR 2024An Intuitive Multi-Frequency Feature Representation for SO(3)-Equivariant Networks
• CVPR 2024DeconfuseTrack: Dealing with Confusion for Multi-Object Tracking
• NeurIPS 2023A Novel Approach for Effective Multi-View Clustering with Information-Theoretic Perspective
• ICML 2023A Framework for Adapting Offline Algorithms to Solve Combinatorial Multi-Armed Bandit Problems with Bandit Feedback
• ICLR 2023An Additive Instance-Wise Approach to Multi-class Model Interpretation
• CVPR 2023A Light Touch Approach to Teaching Transformers Multi-View Geometry
• NeurIPS 2026A Black-Box Reduction from Regret to Multi-Level Coverage
• ICML 2026A Consensus Anchor-guided Hypergraph Framework for Incomplete Multi-view Clustering
• ICLR 2026Confident Block Diagonal Structure-Aware Invariable Graph Completion for Incomplete Multi-view Clustering
• CVPR 2026Anti-Degradation Lifelong Multi-View Clustering

All Multi-Agent RL papers

224 papers, page 5 of 5

201. ICML 2026TABX: A High-Throughput Sandbox Battle Simulator for Multi-Agent Reinforcement Learning
202. ICML 2026TACTIC: Task-Aware Sparse Coordination Graphs for Multi-Task Multi-agent Reinforcement Learning
203. ICML 2026TeamTR: Trust-Region Fine-Tuning for Multi-Agent LLM Coordination
204. ICML 2026The Truth Stays in the Family: Enhancing Contextual Truthfulness via Inherited Heads in Model Lineages
205. ICML 2026The Value of Variance: Mitigating Debate Collapse in Multi-Agent Systems via Uncertainty-Driven Policy Optimization
206. ICML 2026Threat2Traffic: Multi-Agent Environment Synthesis for Malware Traffic Generation from Threat Intelligence
207. ICML 2026Toward Culturally Aligned LLMs through Ontology-Guided Multi-Agent Reasoning
208. ICML 2026Towards Complete Multi-Agent Coordination Policy Learning via Denoising Maximum Entropy Optimization
209. ICML 2026Transformed Latent Variable Multi-Output Gaussian Processes
210. ICML 2026Transformers learn factored representations
211. ICML 2026Value Aggregation with Uncertainty in Online Decentralized MARL
212. ICML 2026Vulnerable Agent Identification in Large-Scale Multi-Agent Reinforcement Learning
213. ICML 2026Weasel: Out-of-Domain Generalization for Web Agents via Importance-Diversity Data Selection
214. ICML 2026What Linear Probes Miss: Multi-View Probing for Weight-Space Learning
215. ICML 2026What Preferences Can—and Cannot—Predict in Multi-Agent Online Learning
216. ICML 2026When Agents Go Rogue: Activation-Based Detection of Malicious Behaviors in Multi-Agent Systems
217. ICML 2026When and How Human Curation Backfires: Preference Alignment under Multi-Model Self-Consuming Loop
218. ICML 2026When Embedding-Based Defenses Fail: Rethinking Safety in LLM-Based Multi-Agent Systems
219. ICML 2026When LLMs Develop Languages: Symbolic Communication for Efficient Multi-Agent Reasoning
220. ICML 2026When More Experts Hurt: Underfitting in Multi-Expert Learning to Defer
221. ICML 2026When Planning Fails Despite Correct Execution: On Epistemic Calibration for LLM-Based Multi-Agent Systems
222. ICML 2026When Replanning Becomes the Bottleneck: Budgeted Replanning for Embodied Agents
223. ICML 2026Why Dedicated Critics: Eliminating Target Drift in Multi-Constraint RL
224. ICML 2026Why Specialist Models Still Matter: A Heterogeneous Multi-Agent Paradigm for Medical Artificial Intelligence

FAQ

How many Multi-Agent RL papers were published at NeurIPS, ICLR, ICML and CVPR from 2023 to 2026?

2,126 in total: 311 in 2023, 373 in 2024, 574 in 2025, 868 in 2026.

How many Multi-Agent RL papers are at NeurIPS 2026?

NeurIPS 2026 has 319 Multi-Agent RL papers, versus 255 the year before.

How many Multi-Agent RL papers are at ICLR 2026?

ICLR 2026 has 153 Multi-Agent RL papers, versus 91 the year before.

How many Multi-Agent RL papers are at ICML 2026?

ICML 2026 has 224 Multi-Agent RL papers, versus 115 the year before.

How many Multi-Agent RL papers are at CVPR 2026?

CVPR 2026 has 172 Multi-Agent RL papers, versus 113 the year before.

Which conference publishes the most Multi-Agent RL papers?

NeurIPS, with 809 papers from 2023 to 2026.