Multi-Agent RL papers, 2023–2026

Key findings

• Multi-Agent RL went from 311 papers in 2023 to 868 in 2026, roughly 2.8x in three years.
• NeurIPS publishes the most Multi-Agent RL work: 809 papers from 2023 to 2026, 38% of the four-venue total.
• The fastest-growing overlap is with Multimodal LLMs: papers tagged with both rose from 9 in 2023 to 70 in 2026.
• Among the 5 topics under Games and Planning, it ranks #1 by 2026 paper count; the fastest grower in the group, Classical Planning, is up 3.3x versus 2.8x here.

Representative papers

Spread across years and venues so every edition shows up

• NeurIPS 20262-Step Agent: How a Bayesian Decision Maker Learns from AI-Decision Support
• ICML 2026A Causal Decomposition Approach for Fair Contextual Multi-Armed Bandits
• ICLR 2026Calibrated Information Bottleneck for Trusted Multi-modal Clustering
• CVPR 2026A Sanity Check for Multi-In-Domain Face Forgery Detection in the
• NeurIPS 2025Algorithms and SQ Lower Bounds for Robustly Learning Real-valued Multi-Index Models
• ICML 2025A Classification View on Meta Learning Bandits
• ICLR 2025BEEM: Boosting Performance of Early Exit DNNs using Multi-Exit Classifiers as Experts
• CVPR 2025All-Day Multi-Camera Multi-Target Tracking
• NeurIPS 2024A New Multi-Source Light Detection Benchmark and Semi-Supervised Focal Light Detection
• ICML 2024A Federated Stochastic Multi-level Compositional Minimax Algorithm for Deep AUC Maximization
• ICLR 2024An Intuitive Multi-Frequency Feature Representation for SO(3)-Equivariant Networks
• CVPR 2024DeconfuseTrack: Dealing with Confusion for Multi-Object Tracking
• NeurIPS 2023A Novel Approach for Effective Multi-View Clustering with Information-Theoretic Perspective
• ICML 2023A Framework for Adapting Offline Algorithms to Solve Combinatorial Multi-Armed Bandit Problems with Bandit Feedback
• ICLR 2023An Additive Instance-Wise Approach to Multi-class Model Interpretation
• CVPR 2023A Light Touch Approach to Teaching Transformers Multi-View Geometry
• NeurIPS 2026A Black-Box Reduction from Regret to Multi-Level Coverage
• ICML 2026A Consensus Anchor-guided Hypergraph Framework for Incomplete Multi-view Clustering
• ICLR 2026Confident Block Diagonal Structure-Aware Invariable Graph Completion for Incomplete Multi-view Clustering
• CVPR 2026Anti-Degradation Lifelong Multi-View Clustering

All Multi-Agent RL papers

574 papers, page 4 of 12

151. ICLR 2025EMOS: Embodiment-aware Heterogeneous Multi-robot Operating System with LLM Agents
152. ICLR 2025Flow: Modularized Agentic Workflow Automation
153. ICLR 2025Fourier Head: Helping Large Language Models Learn Complex Probability Distributions
154. ICLR 2025From GNNs to Trees: Multi-Granular Interpretability for Graph Neural Networks
155. ICLR 2025Generalized Principal-Agent Problem with a Learning Agent
156. ICLR 2025GOAL: A Generalist Combinatorial Optimization Agent Learner
157. ICLR 2025Graph Neural Networks Gone Hogwild
158. ICLR 2025Have the VLMs Lost Confidence? A Study of Sycophancy in VLMs
159. ICLR 2025Hypothetical Minds: Scaffolding Theory of Mind for Multi-Agent Tasks with Large Language Models
160. ICLR 2025ILLUSION: Unveiling Truth with a Comprehensive Multi-Modal, Multi-Lingual Deepfake Dataset
161. ICLR 2025Internet of Agents: Weaving a Web of Heterogeneous Agents for Collaborative Intelligence
162. ICLR 2025IntersectionZoo: Eco-driving for Benchmarking Multi-Agent Contextual Reinforcement Learning
163. ICLR 2025Inverse Attention Agents for Multi-Agent Systems
164. ICLR 2025InvestESG: A multi-agent reinforcement learning benchmark for studying climate investment as a social dilemma
165. ICLR 2025Learned Reference-based Diffusion Sampler for multi-modal distributions
166. ICLR 2025Learning Multi-Index Models with Neural Networks via Mean-Field Langevin Dynamics
167. ICLR 2025Learning on One Mode: Addressing Multi-modality in Offline Reinforcement Learning
168. ICLR 2025Learning to Help in Multi-Class Settings
169. ICLR 2025Lightweight Neural App Control
170. ICLR 2025LiveXiv - A Multi-Modal live benchmark based on Arxiv papers content
171. ICLR 2025MACPO: Weak-to-Strong Alignment via Multi-Agent Contrastive Preference Optimization
172. ICLR 2025MindSearch: Mimicking Human Minds Elicits Deep AI Searcher
173. ICLR 2025Minimal Impact ControlNet: Advancing Multi-ControlNet Integration
174. ICLR 2025Mixture-of-Agents Enhances Large Language Model Capabilities
175. ICLR 2025MTU-Bench: A Multi-granularity Tool-Use Benchmark for Large Language Models
176. ICLR 2025Multi-Dimensional Conformal Prediction
177. ICLR 2025Multi-Draft Speculative Sampling: Canonical Decomposition and Theoretical Limits
178. ICLR 2025Multi-Label Node Classification with Label Influence Propagation
179. ICLR 2025Multi-modal Agent Tuning: Building a VLM-Driven Agent for Efficient Tool Usage
180. ICLR 2025Multiagent Finetuning: Self Improvement with Diverse Reasoning Chains
181. ICLR 2025Near-Optimal Online Learning for Multi-Agent Submodular Coordination: Tight Approximation and Communication Efficiency
182. ICLR 2025OBI-Bench: Can LMMs Aid in Study of Ancient Script on Oracle Bones?
183. ICLR 2025Pairwise Elimination with Instance-Dependent Guarantees for Bandits with Cost Subsidy
184. ICLR 2025PARTNR: A Benchmark for Planning and Reasoning in Embodied Multi-agent Tasks
185. ICLR 2025POGEMA: A Benchmark Platform for Cooperative Multi-Agent Pathfinding
186. ICLR 2025Rational Decision-Making Agent with Learning Internal Utility Judgment
187. ICLR 2025Rethinking Self-Distillation: Label Averaging and Enhanced Soft Label Refinement with Partial Labels
188. ICLR 2025REVISITING MULTI-PERMUTATION EQUIVARIANCE THROUGH THE LENS OF IRREDUCIBLE REPRESENTATIONS
189. ICLR 2025Robust Gymnasium: A Unified Modular Benchmark for Robust Reinforcement Learning
190. ICLR 2025SaMer: A Scenario-aware Multi-dimensional Evaluator for Large Language Models
191. ICLR 2025Scaling Large Language Model-based Multi-Agent Collaboration
192. ICLR 2025SelectFormer in Data Markets: Privacy-Preserving and Efficient Data Selection for Transformers with Multi-Party Computation
193. ICLR 2025Self-Evolving Multi-Agent Collaboration Networks for Software Development
194. ICLR 2025Simple yet Effective Incomplete Multi-view Clustering: Similarity-level Imputation and Intra-view Hybrid-group Prototype Construction
195. ICLR 2025Single-agent Poisoning Attacks Suffice to Ruin Multi-Agent Learning
196. ICLR 2025Sports-Traj: A Unified Trajectory Generation Model for Multi-Agent Movement in Sports
197. ICLR 2025Stochastic Semi-Gradient Descent for Learning Mean Field Games with Population-Aware Function Approximation
198. ICLR 2025Towards Optimal Multi-draft Speculative Decoding
199. ICLR 2025Trusted Multi-View Classification via Evolutionary Multi-View Fusion
200. ICLR 2025uniINF: Best-of-Both-Worlds Algorithm for Parameter-Free Heavy-Tailed MABs

FAQ

How many Multi-Agent RL papers were published at NeurIPS, ICLR, ICML and CVPR from 2023 to 2026?

2,126 in total: 311 in 2023, 373 in 2024, 574 in 2025, 868 in 2026.

How many Multi-Agent RL papers are at NeurIPS 2026?

NeurIPS 2026 has 319 Multi-Agent RL papers, versus 255 the year before.

How many Multi-Agent RL papers are at ICLR 2026?

ICLR 2026 has 153 Multi-Agent RL papers, versus 91 the year before.

How many Multi-Agent RL papers are at ICML 2026?

ICML 2026 has 224 Multi-Agent RL papers, versus 115 the year before.

How many Multi-Agent RL papers are at CVPR 2026?

CVPR 2026 has 172 Multi-Agent RL papers, versus 113 the year before.

Which conference publishes the most Multi-Agent RL papers?

NeurIPS, with 809 papers from 2023 to 2026.