Multi-Agent RL papers, 2023–2026

Key findings

• Multi-Agent RL went from 311 papers in 2023 to 868 in 2026, roughly 2.8x in three years.
• NeurIPS publishes the most Multi-Agent RL work: 809 papers from 2023 to 2026, 38% of the four-venue total.
• The fastest-growing overlap is with Multimodal LLMs: papers tagged with both rose from 9 in 2023 to 70 in 2026.
• Among the 5 topics under Games and Planning, it ranks #1 by 2026 paper count; the fastest grower in the group, Classical Planning, is up 3.3x versus 2.8x here.

Representative papers

Spread across years and venues so every edition shows up

• NeurIPS 20262-Step Agent: How a Bayesian Decision Maker Learns from AI-Decision Support
• ICML 2026A Causal Decomposition Approach for Fair Contextual Multi-Armed Bandits
• ICLR 2026Calibrated Information Bottleneck for Trusted Multi-modal Clustering
• CVPR 2026A Sanity Check for Multi-In-Domain Face Forgery Detection in the
• NeurIPS 2025Algorithms and SQ Lower Bounds for Robustly Learning Real-valued Multi-Index Models
• ICML 2025A Classification View on Meta Learning Bandits
• ICLR 2025BEEM: Boosting Performance of Early Exit DNNs using Multi-Exit Classifiers as Experts
• CVPR 2025All-Day Multi-Camera Multi-Target Tracking
• NeurIPS 2024A New Multi-Source Light Detection Benchmark and Semi-Supervised Focal Light Detection
• ICML 2024A Federated Stochastic Multi-level Compositional Minimax Algorithm for Deep AUC Maximization
• ICLR 2024An Intuitive Multi-Frequency Feature Representation for SO(3)-Equivariant Networks
• CVPR 2024DeconfuseTrack: Dealing with Confusion for Multi-Object Tracking
• NeurIPS 2023A Novel Approach for Effective Multi-View Clustering with Information-Theoretic Perspective
• ICML 2023A Framework for Adapting Offline Algorithms to Solve Combinatorial Multi-Armed Bandit Problems with Bandit Feedback
• ICLR 2023An Additive Instance-Wise Approach to Multi-class Model Interpretation
• CVPR 2023A Light Touch Approach to Teaching Transformers Multi-View Geometry
• NeurIPS 2026A Black-Box Reduction from Regret to Multi-Level Coverage
• ICML 2026A Consensus Anchor-guided Hypergraph Framework for Incomplete Multi-view Clustering
• ICLR 2026Confident Block Diagonal Structure-Aware Invariable Graph Completion for Incomplete Multi-view Clustering
• CVPR 2026Anti-Degradation Lifelong Multi-View Clustering

All Multi-Agent RL papers

224 papers, page 4 of 5

151. ICML 2026Multi-Adapter Representation Interventions via Energy Calibration
152. ICML 2026Multi-agent imitation learning with function approximation: linear Markov games and beyond
153. ICML 2026Multi-Agent Reinforcement Learning with Submodular Reward
154. ICML 2026Multi-Agent Teams Hold Experts Back
155. ICML 2026Multi-Distribution Robust Conformal Prediction
156. ICML 2026Multi-Level Strategic Classification: Incentivizing Improvement through Promotion and Relegation Dynamics
157. ICML 2026Multi-marginal temporal Schrödinger Bridge Matching from unpaired data
158. ICML 2026Multi-scale Explainer for Graph Neural Networks
159. ICML 2026Multi-Task Bayesian In-Context Learning
160. ICML 2026Multi-timescale Reinforcement Learning by Value Reconstruction
161. ICML 2026Multi-view Consistent Latent Action Learning for World Modeling and Control
162. ICML 2026Multi-Way Representation Alignment
163. ICML 2026Narrowing the ANN–SNN Gap for Continuous 1D Temporal Signal Classification with Multi-Scale Temporal Encoding and Sparsity-Regularized Transform Encoding
164. ICML 2026Near-Optimal Regret for KL-Regularized Multi-Armed Bandits
165. ICML 2026Not All Prefills Are Equal: PPD Disaggregation for Multi-turn LLM Serving
166. ICML 2026Offline Multi-agent Continual Cooperation via Skill Partition and Reuse
167. ICML 2026Offline Two-Player Zero-Sum Markov Games with KL Regularization
168. ICML 2026OMAC: A Holistic Optimization Framework for LLM-Based Multi-Agent Collaboration
169. ICML 2026On Effectiveness and Efficiency of Agentic Tool-calling and RL Training
170. ICML 2026One Coin Has Two Sides: Single Poistive Multi Label Learning from Salient Annotations
171. ICML 2026Online Linear Programming for Multi-Objective Routing in LLM Serving
172. ICML 2026Optimal and Scalable MAPF via Multi-Marginal Optimal Transport and Schrödinger Bridges
173. ICML 2026Optimal Rates for Feasible Payoff Set Estimation in Games
174. ICML 2026PhenoBrain: Phenotype-Conditioned Long-Range Communication for Multi-Modal Brain Network Analysis
175. ICML 2026Population-Free Pareto Tracking for Sample-Efficient Multi-Policy MORL
176. ICML 2026PragLocker: Protecting Agent Intellectual Property in Untrusted Deployments via Non-Portable Prompts
177. ICML 2026PrivAct: Internalizing Contextual Privacy Preservation via Multi-Agent Preference Training
178. ICML 2026Probability of Matching for Batch Multi-Objective Bayesian Optimization
179. ICML 2026ProConMV: Provenance-Enabled Conceptual Framework for Interpretable Multi-View Diabetic Retinopathy Diagnosis
180. ICML 2026Provably Convergent Actor-Critic for MARL through Risk-aversion
181. ICML 2026RADAR: Redundancy-Aware Diffusion for Multi-Agent Communication Structure Generation
182. ICML 2026Recognize Your Orchestrator: An Entropy Dynamics Perspective for LLM Multi-Agent Systems
183. ICML 2026Representational Similarity and Model Behavior in Multi-Agent Interaction
184. ICML 2026Reward and Guidance through Rubrics: Promoting Exploration to Improve Multi-Domain Reasoning
185. ICML 2026Robust Signal Enhancement via Fractional Detail Views and Knowledge Guided Multi-view Fusion
186. ICML 2026Role-Level Inductive Bias for Cross-Task Generalization in Multi-Agent Reinforcement Learning
187. ICML 2026Scalable Traffic Signal Control with Shared Policy Framework
188. ICML 2026ScaleEnv: Scaling Environment Synthesis from Scratch for Generalist Interactive Tool-Use Agent Training
189. ICML 2026ScaleSim: Serving Large-Scale Multi-Agent Simulation with Invocation Distance-Based Memory Management
190. ICML 2026Scaling Small Agents Through Strategy Auctions
191. ICML 2026SciAgentGym: Benchmarking Multi-Step Scientific Tool-Use in LLM Agents
192. ICML 2026Secure Multi-agent Reinforcement Learning for Service Systems with Affinity and Byzantine Nodes: Stability Analysis and Protection Design
193. ICML 2026Securing Multi-Agent Systems Against Corruptions via Node Contribution Backpropagation
194. ICML 2026Sparse Topology-Aware Pairwise Scoring for Large-Scale Multi-Agent Reinforcement Learning
195. ICML 2026Speculative Safety Honeypot: Toward Proactive Defense Against Multi-turn Agent Attacks
196. ICML 2026StitchCUDA: An Automated Multi-Agents End-to-End GPU Programing Framework with Rubric-based Agentic Reinforcement Learning
197. ICML 2026Structured Multi-modal Graph Disentanglement for Psychiatric Diagnosis
198. ICML 2026SWE-Bench Pro: Can AI Agents Solve Long-Horizon Software Engineering Tasks?
199. ICML 2026Systematic Failures in Collective Reasoning under Distributed Information in Multi-Agent LLMs
200. ICML 2026T$^2$PO: Uncertainty-Guided Exploration Control for Stable Multi-Turn Agentic Reinforcement Learning

FAQ

How many Multi-Agent RL papers were published at NeurIPS, ICLR, ICML and CVPR from 2023 to 2026?

2,126 in total: 311 in 2023, 373 in 2024, 574 in 2025, 868 in 2026.

How many Multi-Agent RL papers are at NeurIPS 2026?

NeurIPS 2026 has 319 Multi-Agent RL papers, versus 255 the year before.

How many Multi-Agent RL papers are at ICLR 2026?

ICLR 2026 has 153 Multi-Agent RL papers, versus 91 the year before.

How many Multi-Agent RL papers are at ICML 2026?

ICML 2026 has 224 Multi-Agent RL papers, versus 115 the year before.

How many Multi-Agent RL papers are at CVPR 2026?

CVPR 2026 has 172 Multi-Agent RL papers, versus 113 the year before.

Which conference publishes the most Multi-Agent RL papers?

NeurIPS, with 809 papers from 2023 to 2026.