Multi-Agent RL papers, 2023–2026

Key findings

• Multi-Agent RL went from 311 papers in 2023 to 868 in 2026, roughly 2.8x in three years.
• NeurIPS publishes the most Multi-Agent RL work: 809 papers from 2023 to 2026, 38% of the four-venue total.
• The fastest-growing overlap is with Multimodal LLMs: papers tagged with both rose from 9 in 2023 to 70 in 2026.
• Among the 5 topics under Games and Planning, it ranks #1 by 2026 paper count; the fastest grower in the group, Classical Planning, is up 3.3x versus 2.8x here.

Representative papers

Spread across years and venues so every edition shows up

• NeurIPS 20262-Step Agent: How a Bayesian Decision Maker Learns from AI-Decision Support
• ICML 2026A Causal Decomposition Approach for Fair Contextual Multi-Armed Bandits
• ICLR 2026Calibrated Information Bottleneck for Trusted Multi-modal Clustering
• CVPR 2026A Sanity Check for Multi-In-Domain Face Forgery Detection in the
• NeurIPS 2025Algorithms and SQ Lower Bounds for Robustly Learning Real-valued Multi-Index Models
• ICML 2025A Classification View on Meta Learning Bandits
• ICLR 2025BEEM: Boosting Performance of Early Exit DNNs using Multi-Exit Classifiers as Experts
• CVPR 2025All-Day Multi-Camera Multi-Target Tracking
• NeurIPS 2024A New Multi-Source Light Detection Benchmark and Semi-Supervised Focal Light Detection
• ICML 2024A Federated Stochastic Multi-level Compositional Minimax Algorithm for Deep AUC Maximization
• ICLR 2024An Intuitive Multi-Frequency Feature Representation for SO(3)-Equivariant Networks
• CVPR 2024DeconfuseTrack: Dealing with Confusion for Multi-Object Tracking
• NeurIPS 2023A Novel Approach for Effective Multi-View Clustering with Information-Theoretic Perspective
• ICML 2023A Framework for Adapting Offline Algorithms to Solve Combinatorial Multi-Armed Bandit Problems with Bandit Feedback
• ICLR 2023An Additive Instance-Wise Approach to Multi-class Model Interpretation
• CVPR 2023A Light Touch Approach to Teaching Transformers Multi-View Geometry
• NeurIPS 2026A Black-Box Reduction from Regret to Multi-Level Coverage
• ICML 2026A Consensus Anchor-guided Hypergraph Framework for Incomplete Multi-view Clustering
• ICLR 2026Confident Block Diagonal Structure-Aware Invariable Graph Completion for Incomplete Multi-view Clustering
• CVPR 2026Anti-Degradation Lifelong Multi-View Clustering

All Multi-Agent RL papers

311 papers, page 3 of 7

101. CVPR 2023Viewpoint Equivariance for Multi-View 3D Object Detection
102. CVPR 2023ViP3D: End-to-End Visual Trajectory Prediction via 3D Agent Queries
103. CVPR 2023Visual Prompt Multi-Modal Tracking
104. CVPR 2023VolRecon: Volume Rendering of Signed Ray Distance Functions for Generalizable Multi-View Reconstruction
105. CVPR 2023Weakly Supervised Monocular 3D Object Detection Using Multi-View Projection and Direction Consistency
106. CVPR 2023X3KD: Knowledge Distillation Across Modalities, Tasks and Stages for Multi-Camera 3D Object Detection
107. ICLR 2023$O(T^{-1})$ Convergence of Optimistic-Follow-the-Regularized-Leader in Two-Player Zero-Sum Markov Games
108. ICLR 2023Achieving Near-Optimal Individual Regret & Low Communications in Multi-Agent Bandits
109. ICLR 2023Adversarial Diversity in Hanabi
110. ICLR 2023Agent-based Graph Neural Networks
111. ICLR 2023An Additive Instance-Wise Approach to Multi-class Model Interpretation
112. ICLR 2023Asynchronous Gradient Play in Zero-Sum Multi-agent Games
113. ICLR 2023Can We Find Nash Equilibria at a Linear Rate in Markov Games?
114. ICLR 2023Certifiably Robust Policy Learning against Adversarial Multi-Agent Communication
115. ICLR 2023Cheap Talk Discovery and Utilization in Multi-Agent Reinforcement Learning
116. ICLR 2023Collaborative Pure Exploration in Kernel Bandit
117. ICLR 2023Discovering Generalizable Multi-agent Coordination Skills from Multi-task Offline Data
118. ICLR 2023Effects of Graph Convolutions in Multi-layer Networks
119. ICLR 2023Efficient Discrete Multi Marginal Optimal Transport Regularization
120. ICLR 2023Enhancing Meta Learning via Multi-Objective Soft Improvement Functions
121. ICLR 2023Fast Nonlinear Vector Quantile Regression
122. ICLR 2023Generating Diverse Cooperative Agents by Learning Incompatible Policies
123. ICLR 2023GoBigger: A Scalable Platform for Cooperative-Competitive Multi-Agent Interactive Simulation
124. ICLR 2023Gradient Gating for Deep Multi-Rate Learning on Graphs
125. ICLR 2023Is a Caption Worth a Thousand Images? A Study on Representation Learning
126. ICLR 2023Learning multi-scale local conditional probability models of images
127. ICLR 2023MACTA: A Multi-agent Reinforcement Learning Approach for Cache Timing Attacks and Detection
128. ICLR 2023MAESTRO: Open-Ended Environment Design for Multi-Agent Reinforcement Learning
129. ICLR 2023More Centralized Training, Still Decentralized Execution: Multi-Agent Conditional Policy Factorization
130. ICLR 2023Multi-level Protein Structure Pre-training via Prompt Learning
131. ICLR 2023Multi-Objective Reinforcement Learning: Convexity, Stationarity and Pareto Optimality
132. ICLR 2023Multi-Rate VAE: Train Once, Get the Full Rate-Distortion Curve
133. ICLR 2023Nearly Minimax Optimal Offline Reinforcement Learning with Linear Function Approximation: Single-Agent MDP and Markov Game
134. ICLR 2023Offline Congestion Games: How Feedback Type Affects Data Coverage Requirement
135. ICLR 2023Order Matters: Agent-by-agent Policy Optimization
136. ICLR 2023Recon: Reducing Conflicting Gradients From the Root For Multi-Task Learning
137. ICLR 2023Revisiting Populations in multi-agent Communication
138. ICLR 2023RPM: Generalizable Multi-Agent Policies for Multi-Agent Reinforcement Learning
139. ICLR 2023Scaling Laws for a Multi-Agent Reinforcement Learning Model
140. ICLR 2023Scaling Pareto-Efficient Decision Making via Offline Multi-Objective RL
141. ICLR 2023Stateful Active Facilitator: Coordination and Environmental Heterogeneity in Cooperative Multi-Agent Reinforcement Learning
142. ICLR 2023Taking a Step Back with KCal: Multi-Class Kernel-Based Calibration for Deep Neural Networks
143. ICLR 2023Towards Effective and Interpretable Human-Agent Collaboration in MOBA Games: A Communication Perspective
144. ICML 2023A Conditional Normalizing Flow for Accelerated Multi-Coil MR Imaging
145. ICML 2023A Framework for Adapting Offline Algorithms to Solve Combinatorial Multi-Armed Bandit Problems with Bandit Feedback
146. ICML 2023A Game-Theoretic Framework for Managing Risk in Multi-Agent Systems
147. ICML 2023A Group Symmetric Stochastic Differential Equation Model for Molecule Multi-modal Pretraining
148. ICML 2023An Adaptive Entropy-Regularization Framework for Multi-Agent Reinforcement Learning
149. ICML 2023Atari-5: Distilling the Arcade Learning Environment down to Five Games
150. ICML 2023Attention-Based Recurrence for Multi-Agent Reinforcement Learning under Stochastic Partial Observability

FAQ

How many Multi-Agent RL papers were published at NeurIPS, ICLR, ICML and CVPR from 2023 to 2026?

2,126 in total: 311 in 2023, 373 in 2024, 574 in 2025, 868 in 2026.

How many Multi-Agent RL papers are at NeurIPS 2026?

NeurIPS 2026 has 319 Multi-Agent RL papers, versus 255 the year before.

How many Multi-Agent RL papers are at ICLR 2026?

ICLR 2026 has 153 Multi-Agent RL papers, versus 91 the year before.

How many Multi-Agent RL papers are at ICML 2026?

ICML 2026 has 224 Multi-Agent RL papers, versus 115 the year before.

How many Multi-Agent RL papers are at CVPR 2026?

CVPR 2026 has 172 Multi-Agent RL papers, versus 113 the year before.

Which conference publishes the most Multi-Agent RL papers?

NeurIPS, with 809 papers from 2023 to 2026.