Multi-Agent RL papers, 2023–2026

Key findings

• Multi-Agent RL went from 311 papers in 2023 to 868 in 2026, roughly 2.8x in three years.
• NeurIPS publishes the most Multi-Agent RL work: 809 papers from 2023 to 2026, 38% of the four-venue total.
• The fastest-growing overlap is with Multimodal LLMs: papers tagged with both rose from 9 in 2023 to 70 in 2026.
• Among the 5 topics under Games and Planning, it ranks #1 by 2026 paper count; the fastest grower in the group, Classical Planning, is up 3.3x versus 2.8x here.

Representative papers

Spread across years and venues so every edition shows up

• NeurIPS 20262-Step Agent: How a Bayesian Decision Maker Learns from AI-Decision Support
• ICML 2026A Causal Decomposition Approach for Fair Contextual Multi-Armed Bandits
• ICLR 2026Calibrated Information Bottleneck for Trusted Multi-modal Clustering
• CVPR 2026A Sanity Check for Multi-In-Domain Face Forgery Detection in the
• NeurIPS 2025Algorithms and SQ Lower Bounds for Robustly Learning Real-valued Multi-Index Models
• ICML 2025A Classification View on Meta Learning Bandits
• ICLR 2025BEEM: Boosting Performance of Early Exit DNNs using Multi-Exit Classifiers as Experts
• CVPR 2025All-Day Multi-Camera Multi-Target Tracking
• NeurIPS 2024A New Multi-Source Light Detection Benchmark and Semi-Supervised Focal Light Detection
• ICML 2024A Federated Stochastic Multi-level Compositional Minimax Algorithm for Deep AUC Maximization
• ICLR 2024An Intuitive Multi-Frequency Feature Representation for SO(3)-Equivariant Networks
• CVPR 2024DeconfuseTrack: Dealing with Confusion for Multi-Object Tracking
• NeurIPS 2023A Novel Approach for Effective Multi-View Clustering with Information-Theoretic Perspective
• ICML 2023A Framework for Adapting Offline Algorithms to Solve Combinatorial Multi-Armed Bandit Problems with Bandit Feedback
• ICLR 2023An Additive Instance-Wise Approach to Multi-class Model Interpretation
• CVPR 2023A Light Touch Approach to Teaching Transformers Multi-View Geometry
• NeurIPS 2026A Black-Box Reduction from Regret to Multi-Level Coverage
• ICML 2026A Consensus Anchor-guided Hypergraph Framework for Incomplete Multi-view Clustering
• ICLR 2026Confident Block Diagonal Structure-Aware Invariable Graph Completion for Incomplete Multi-view Clustering
• CVPR 2026Anti-Degradation Lifelong Multi-View Clustering

All Multi-Agent RL papers

2,126 papers, page 11 of 43

501. ICML 2026PragLocker: Protecting Agent Intellectual Property in Untrusted Deployments via Non-Portable Prompts
502. ICML 2026PrivAct: Internalizing Contextual Privacy Preservation via Multi-Agent Preference Training
503. ICML 2026Probability of Matching for Batch Multi-Objective Bayesian Optimization
504. ICML 2026ProConMV: Provenance-Enabled Conceptual Framework for Interpretable Multi-View Diabetic Retinopathy Diagnosis
505. ICML 2026Provably Convergent Actor-Critic for MARL through Risk-aversion
506. ICML 2026RADAR: Redundancy-Aware Diffusion for Multi-Agent Communication Structure Generation
507. ICML 2026Recognize Your Orchestrator: An Entropy Dynamics Perspective for LLM Multi-Agent Systems
508. ICML 2026Representational Similarity and Model Behavior in Multi-Agent Interaction
509. ICML 2026Reward and Guidance through Rubrics: Promoting Exploration to Improve Multi-Domain Reasoning
510. ICML 2026Robust Signal Enhancement via Fractional Detail Views and Knowledge Guided Multi-view Fusion
511. ICML 2026Role-Level Inductive Bias for Cross-Task Generalization in Multi-Agent Reinforcement Learning
512. ICML 2026Scalable Traffic Signal Control with Shared Policy Framework
513. ICML 2026ScaleEnv: Scaling Environment Synthesis from Scratch for Generalist Interactive Tool-Use Agent Training
514. ICML 2026ScaleSim: Serving Large-Scale Multi-Agent Simulation with Invocation Distance-Based Memory Management
515. ICML 2026Scaling Small Agents Through Strategy Auctions
516. ICML 2026SciAgentGym: Benchmarking Multi-Step Scientific Tool-Use in LLM Agents
517. ICML 2026Secure Multi-agent Reinforcement Learning for Service Systems with Affinity and Byzantine Nodes: Stability Analysis and Protection Design
518. ICML 2026Securing Multi-Agent Systems Against Corruptions via Node Contribution Backpropagation
519. ICML 2026Sparse Topology-Aware Pairwise Scoring for Large-Scale Multi-Agent Reinforcement Learning
520. ICML 2026Speculative Safety Honeypot: Toward Proactive Defense Against Multi-turn Agent Attacks
521. ICML 2026StitchCUDA: An Automated Multi-Agents End-to-End GPU Programing Framework with Rubric-based Agentic Reinforcement Learning
522. ICML 2026Structured Multi-modal Graph Disentanglement for Psychiatric Diagnosis
523. ICML 2026SWE-Bench Pro: Can AI Agents Solve Long-Horizon Software Engineering Tasks?
524. ICML 2026Systematic Failures in Collective Reasoning under Distributed Information in Multi-Agent LLMs
525. ICML 2026T$^2$PO: Uncertainty-Guided Exploration Control for Stable Multi-Turn Agentic Reinforcement Learning
526. ICML 2026TABX: A High-Throughput Sandbox Battle Simulator for Multi-Agent Reinforcement Learning
527. ICML 2026TACTIC: Task-Aware Sparse Coordination Graphs for Multi-Task Multi-agent Reinforcement Learning
528. ICML 2026TeamTR: Trust-Region Fine-Tuning for Multi-Agent LLM Coordination
529. ICML 2026The Truth Stays in the Family: Enhancing Contextual Truthfulness via Inherited Heads in Model Lineages
530. ICML 2026The Value of Variance: Mitigating Debate Collapse in Multi-Agent Systems via Uncertainty-Driven Policy Optimization
531. ICML 2026Threat2Traffic: Multi-Agent Environment Synthesis for Malware Traffic Generation from Threat Intelligence
532. ICML 2026Toward Culturally Aligned LLMs through Ontology-Guided Multi-Agent Reasoning
533. ICML 2026Towards Complete Multi-Agent Coordination Policy Learning via Denoising Maximum Entropy Optimization
534. ICML 2026Transformed Latent Variable Multi-Output Gaussian Processes
535. ICML 2026Transformers learn factored representations
536. ICML 2026Value Aggregation with Uncertainty in Online Decentralized MARL
537. ICML 2026Vulnerable Agent Identification in Large-Scale Multi-Agent Reinforcement Learning
538. ICML 2026Weasel: Out-of-Domain Generalization for Web Agents via Importance-Diversity Data Selection
539. ICML 2026What Linear Probes Miss: Multi-View Probing for Weight-Space Learning
540. ICML 2026What Preferences Can—and Cannot—Predict in Multi-Agent Online Learning
541. ICML 2026When Agents Go Rogue: Activation-Based Detection of Malicious Behaviors in Multi-Agent Systems
542. ICML 2026When and How Human Curation Backfires: Preference Alignment under Multi-Model Self-Consuming Loop
543. ICML 2026When Embedding-Based Defenses Fail: Rethinking Safety in LLM-Based Multi-Agent Systems
544. ICML 2026When LLMs Develop Languages: Symbolic Communication for Efficient Multi-Agent Reasoning
545. ICML 2026When More Experts Hurt: Underfitting in Multi-Expert Learning to Defer
546. ICML 2026When Planning Fails Despite Correct Execution: On Epistemic Calibration for LLM-Based Multi-Agent Systems
547. ICML 2026When Replanning Becomes the Bottleneck: Budgeted Replanning for Embodied Agents
548. ICML 2026Why Dedicated Critics: Eliminating Target Drift in Multi-Constraint RL
549. ICML 2026Why Specialist Models Still Matter: A Heterogeneous Multi-Agent Paradigm for Medical Artificial Intelligence
550. NeurIPS 20262-Step Agent: How a Bayesian Decision Maker Learns from AI-Decision Support

FAQ

How many Multi-Agent RL papers were published at NeurIPS, ICLR, ICML and CVPR from 2023 to 2026?

2,126 in total: 311 in 2023, 373 in 2024, 574 in 2025, 868 in 2026.

How many Multi-Agent RL papers are at NeurIPS 2026?

NeurIPS 2026 has 319 Multi-Agent RL papers, versus 255 the year before.

How many Multi-Agent RL papers are at ICLR 2026?

ICLR 2026 has 153 Multi-Agent RL papers, versus 91 the year before.

How many Multi-Agent RL papers are at ICML 2026?

ICML 2026 has 224 Multi-Agent RL papers, versus 115 the year before.

How many Multi-Agent RL papers are at CVPR 2026?

CVPR 2026 has 172 Multi-Agent RL papers, versus 113 the year before.

Which conference publishes the most Multi-Agent RL papers?

NeurIPS, with 809 papers from 2023 to 2026.