Multi-Agent RL papers, 2023–2026

Key findings

• Multi-Agent RL went from 311 papers in 2023 to 868 in 2026, roughly 2.8x in three years.
• NeurIPS publishes the most Multi-Agent RL work: 809 papers from 2023 to 2026, 38% of the four-venue total.
• The fastest-growing overlap is with Multimodal LLMs: papers tagged with both rose from 9 in 2023 to 70 in 2026.
• Among the 5 topics under Games and Planning, it ranks #1 by 2026 paper count; the fastest grower in the group, Classical Planning, is up 3.3x versus 2.8x here.

Representative papers

Spread across years and venues so every edition shows up

• NeurIPS 20262-Step Agent: How a Bayesian Decision Maker Learns from AI-Decision Support
• ICML 2026A Causal Decomposition Approach for Fair Contextual Multi-Armed Bandits
• ICLR 2026Calibrated Information Bottleneck for Trusted Multi-modal Clustering
• CVPR 2026A Sanity Check for Multi-In-Domain Face Forgery Detection in the
• NeurIPS 2025Algorithms and SQ Lower Bounds for Robustly Learning Real-valued Multi-Index Models
• ICML 2025A Classification View on Meta Learning Bandits
• ICLR 2025BEEM: Boosting Performance of Early Exit DNNs using Multi-Exit Classifiers as Experts
• CVPR 2025All-Day Multi-Camera Multi-Target Tracking
• NeurIPS 2024A New Multi-Source Light Detection Benchmark and Semi-Supervised Focal Light Detection
• ICML 2024A Federated Stochastic Multi-level Compositional Minimax Algorithm for Deep AUC Maximization
• ICLR 2024An Intuitive Multi-Frequency Feature Representation for SO(3)-Equivariant Networks
• CVPR 2024DeconfuseTrack: Dealing with Confusion for Multi-Object Tracking
• NeurIPS 2023A Novel Approach for Effective Multi-View Clustering with Information-Theoretic Perspective
• ICML 2023A Framework for Adapting Offline Algorithms to Solve Combinatorial Multi-Armed Bandit Problems with Bandit Feedback
• ICLR 2023An Additive Instance-Wise Approach to Multi-class Model Interpretation
• CVPR 2023A Light Touch Approach to Teaching Transformers Multi-View Geometry
• NeurIPS 2026A Black-Box Reduction from Regret to Multi-Level Coverage
• ICML 2026A Consensus Anchor-guided Hypergraph Framework for Incomplete Multi-view Clustering
• ICLR 2026Confident Block Diagonal Structure-Aware Invariable Graph Completion for Incomplete Multi-view Clustering
• CVPR 2026Anti-Degradation Lifelong Multi-View Clustering

All Multi-Agent RL papers

868 papers, page 10 of 18

451. ICML 2026LEGO: An LLM-Enabled Hierarchical Optimizer for Tensor Computation Graphs with Structure-Aware Search and Compositional Synthesis
452. ICML 2026Let the Prototype Guide You: Robust Aggregation of Sparse Multi-Class Annotations via Annotator Prototype Learning
453. ICML 2026LLawCo: Learning Laws of Cooperation for Modeling Embodied Multi-Agent Behavior
454. ICML 2026LLM-Guided Communication for Cooperative Multi-Agent Reinforcement Learning
455. ICML 2026LRAgent: Efficient KV Cache Sharing for Multi-LoRA LLM Agents
456. ICML 2026LS$^{2}$MC-GDA: A Smoothed Algorithm for Federated Stochastic Multi-Level Compositional Minimax Optimization
457. ICML 2026MaMa: A Game-Theoretic Approach for Designing Safe Agentic Systems
458. ICML 2026MARS-SQL: A Multi-Agent Reinforcement Learning Framework For Text-To-SQL
459. ICML 2026MARS: Modular Agent with Reflective Search for Automated AI Research
460. ICML 2026MAS-Architect: Declarative Multi-Agent System Design via Separation of Concerns
461. ICML 2026MAS-ProVe: Understanding the Process Verification of Multi-Agent Systems
462. ICML 2026MASPO: Joint Prompt Optimization for LLM-based Multi-Agent Systems
463. ICML 2026MASPOB: Bandit-Based Prompt Optimization for Multi-Agent Systems with Graph Neural Networks
464. ICML 2026MEAL: A Benchmark for Continual Multi-Agent Reinforcement Learning
465. ICML 2026MEMO: Memory-Augmented Model Context Optimization for Robust Multi-Turn Multi-Agent LLM Games
466. ICML 2026MEnvAgent: Scalable Polyglot Environment Construction for Verifiable Software Engineering
467. ICML 2026Meta-Black-Box Optimization Can Do Search Guidance for Expensive Constrained Multi-Objective Optimization
468. ICML 2026MIMO-LP: A Multi-Input Multi-Output Framework for Subgraph-based Link Prediction
469. ICML 2026MindFlow: Mind Supernet Powered Thinking Flows for Research Idea Innovation
470. ICML 2026Mitigating Conversational Inertia in Multi-Turn Agents
471. ICML 2026ML-Agent: Reinforcing LLM Agents for Autonomous Machine Learning Engineering
472. ICML 2026MOC: Multi-Order Communication in LLM-based Multi-Agent Systems
473. ICML 2026MonoScale: Scaling Multi-Agent System with Monotonic Improvement
474. ICML 2026Mosaic: Runtime-Efficient Multi-Agent Embodied Planning
475. ICML 2026MulFCoder: Framework-conditioned Multi-agent for MLLM-based Multi-framework Front-end Code Generation
476. ICML 2026Multi-Adapter Representation Interventions via Energy Calibration
477. ICML 2026Multi-agent imitation learning with function approximation: linear Markov games and beyond
478. ICML 2026Multi-Agent Reinforcement Learning with Submodular Reward
479. ICML 2026Multi-Agent Teams Hold Experts Back
480. ICML 2026Multi-Distribution Robust Conformal Prediction
481. ICML 2026Multi-Level Strategic Classification: Incentivizing Improvement through Promotion and Relegation Dynamics
482. ICML 2026Multi-marginal temporal Schrödinger Bridge Matching from unpaired data
483. ICML 2026Multi-scale Explainer for Graph Neural Networks
484. ICML 2026Multi-Task Bayesian In-Context Learning
485. ICML 2026Multi-timescale Reinforcement Learning by Value Reconstruction
486. ICML 2026Multi-view Consistent Latent Action Learning for World Modeling and Control
487. ICML 2026Multi-Way Representation Alignment
488. ICML 2026Narrowing the ANN–SNN Gap for Continuous 1D Temporal Signal Classification with Multi-Scale Temporal Encoding and Sparsity-Regularized Transform Encoding
489. ICML 2026Near-Optimal Regret for KL-Regularized Multi-Armed Bandits
490. ICML 2026Not All Prefills Are Equal: PPD Disaggregation for Multi-turn LLM Serving
491. ICML 2026Offline Multi-agent Continual Cooperation via Skill Partition and Reuse
492. ICML 2026Offline Two-Player Zero-Sum Markov Games with KL Regularization
493. ICML 2026OMAC: A Holistic Optimization Framework for LLM-Based Multi-Agent Collaboration
494. ICML 2026On Effectiveness and Efficiency of Agentic Tool-calling and RL Training
495. ICML 2026One Coin Has Two Sides: Single Poistive Multi Label Learning from Salient Annotations
496. ICML 2026Online Linear Programming for Multi-Objective Routing in LLM Serving
497. ICML 2026Optimal and Scalable MAPF via Multi-Marginal Optimal Transport and Schrödinger Bridges
498. ICML 2026Optimal Rates for Feasible Payoff Set Estimation in Games
499. ICML 2026PhenoBrain: Phenotype-Conditioned Long-Range Communication for Multi-Modal Brain Network Analysis
500. ICML 2026Population-Free Pareto Tracking for Sample-Efficient Multi-Policy MORL

FAQ

How many Multi-Agent RL papers were published at NeurIPS, ICLR, ICML and CVPR from 2023 to 2026?

2,126 in total: 311 in 2023, 373 in 2024, 574 in 2025, 868 in 2026.

How many Multi-Agent RL papers are at NeurIPS 2026?

NeurIPS 2026 has 319 Multi-Agent RL papers, versus 255 the year before.

How many Multi-Agent RL papers are at ICLR 2026?

ICLR 2026 has 153 Multi-Agent RL papers, versus 91 the year before.

How many Multi-Agent RL papers are at ICML 2026?

ICML 2026 has 224 Multi-Agent RL papers, versus 115 the year before.

How many Multi-Agent RL papers are at CVPR 2026?

CVPR 2026 has 172 Multi-Agent RL papers, versus 113 the year before.

Which conference publishes the most Multi-Agent RL papers?

NeurIPS, with 809 papers from 2023 to 2026.