General ML · unsupervised and semisupervised learning papers, 2023–2026

Key findings

• General ML · unsupervised and semisupervised learning went from 649 papers in 2023 to 799 in 2026, roughly 1.2x in three years.
• ICML publishes the most General ML · unsupervised and semisupervised learning work: 859 papers from 2023 to 2026, 32% of the four-venue total.
• The fastest-growing overlap is with Deep learning · self supervised learning: papers tagged with both rose from 23 in 2023 to 86 in 2026.
• Among the 6 topics under General Machine Learning, it ranks #1 by 2026 paper count; the fastest grower in the group, General ML · evaluation, is up 4.3x versus 1.2x here.

Representative papers

Spread across years and venues so every edition shows up

• NeurIPS 2026A general kernel framework for non-CND distance measures using $|\mathcal{D}|$-dimensional sparse landmark embeddings
• ICML 2026$\mu$pscaling small models: Principled warm starts and hyperparameter transfer
• ICLR 2026A Generalized Geometric Theoretical Framework of Centroid Discriminant Analysis for Linear Classification of Multi-dimensional Data
• CVPR 2026COG Confidence-aware Optimal Geometric Correspondence for Unsupervised Single-reference Novel Object
• NeurIPS 2025$O(\sqrt{T})$ Static Regret and Instance Dependent Constraint Violation for Constrained Online Convex Optimization
• ICML 2025A Square Peg in a Square Hole: Meta-Expert for Long-Tailed Semi-Supervised Learning
• ICLR 2025A General Framework for Producing Interpretable Semantic Text Embeddings
• CVPR 2025A General Adaptive Dual-level Weighting Mechanism for Remote Sensing Pansharpening
• NeurIPS 2024GlotCC: An Open Broad-Coverage CommonCrawl Corpus and Pipeline for Minority Languages
• ICML 2024CKGConv: General Graph Convolution with Continuous Kernels
• ICLR 2024A Graph is Worth 1-bit Spikes: When Graph Contrastive Learning Meets Spiking Neural Networks
• CVPR 2024Dual Prototype Attention for Unsupervised Video Object Segmentation
• NeurIPS 2023$H$-Consistency Bounds: Characterization and Extensions
• ICML 2023A Mathematical Model for Curriculum Learning for Parities
• ICLR 2023A General Framework For Proving The Equivariant Strong Lottery Ticket Hypothesis
• CVPR 2023A General Regret Bound of Preconditioned Gradient Method for DNN Training
• NeurIPS 2026Attention-based PCA
• ICML 2026A Control-Theoretic View of Mamba on Stability and Robustness
• ICLR 2026A Single Architecture for Representing Invariance Under Any Space Group
• CVPR 2026CROWn A Unified Framework for Anti-Aliased Downsampling and Phase-Calibrated Fusion

All General ML · unsupervised and semisupervised learning papers

684 papers, page 4 of 14

151. ICLR 2026Separable Neural Networks: Approximation Theory, NTK Regime, and Preconditioned Gradient Descent
152. ICLR 2026Sequential Information Bottleneck Fusion: Towards Robust and Generalizable Multi-Modal Brain Tumor Segmentation
153. ICLR 2026Sharp asymptotic theory for Q-learning with \texttt{LD2Z} learning rate and its generalization
154. ICLR 2026sleep2vec: Unified Cross-Modal Alignment for Heterogeneous Nocturnal Biosignals
155. ICLR 2026SNAPHARD CONTRAST LEARNING
156. ICLR 2026Softmax is not Enough (for Adaptive Conformal Classification)
157. ICLR 2026Spatial Structure and Selective Text Jointly Facilitate Image Clustering
158. ICLR 2026Spectral Attention Steering for Prompt Highlighting
159. ICLR 2026SpectralGCD: Spectral Concept Selection and Cross-modal Representation Learning for Generalized Category Discovery
160. ICLR 2026SpikeGen: Decoupled “Rods and Cones” Visual Representation Processing with Latent Generative Framework
161. ICLR 2026Splat and Distill: Augmenting Teachers with Feed-Forward 3D Reconstruction For 3D-Aware Distillation
162. ICLR 2026Steering Language Models with Weight Arithmetic
163. ICLR 2026Summaries as Centroids for Interpretable and Scalable Text Clustering
164. ICLR 2026Supporting Multimodal Intermediate Fusion with Informatic Constraint and Distribution Coherence
165. ICLR 2026SUSD: Structured Unsupervised Skill Discovery through State Factorization
166. ICLR 2026t-SNE Exaggerates Clusters, Provably
167. ICLR 2026The Logical Expressiveness of Topological Neural Networks
168. ICLR 2026Thicker and Quicker: The Jumbo Token for Fast Plain Vision Transformers
169. ICLR 2026Token Distillation: Attention-Aware Input Embeddings for New Tokens
170. ICLR 2026Topology and geometry of the learning space of ReLU networks: connectivity and singularities
171. ICLR 2026Towards Improved Sentence Representations using Token Graphs
172. ICLR 2026TrainRef: Curating Data with Label Distribution and Minimal Reference for Accurate Prediction and Reliable Confidence
173. ICLR 2026Transformers as Unsupervised Learning Algorithms: A study on Gaussian Mixtures
174. ICLR 2026TS-DDAE: A novel Temporal-Spectral Denoising Diffusion AutoEncoder for Wireless Signal Recognition Model Pre-training
175. ICLR 2026Tucker-FNO: Tensor Tucker-Fourier Neural Operator and its Universal Approximation Theory
176. ICLR 2026Tversky Neural Networks: Psychologically Plausible Deep Learning with Differentiable Tversky Similarity
177. ICLR 2026Understanding and Improving Length Generalization in Hierarchical Sparse Attention Models
178. ICLR 2026Unified and Efficient Multi-view Clustering from Probabilistic Perspective
179. ICLR 2026UNIVERSAL AND EFFICIENT LOADING BALANCING FOR RL TRAINING OF LARGE MULTIMODAL MODELS
180. ICLR 2026Universal Beta Splatting
181. ICLR 2026Unlearning Evaluation through Subset Statistical Independence
182. ICLR 2026Unsupervised Learning of Efficient Exploration: Pre-training Adaptive Policies via Self-Imposed Goals
183. ICLR 2026Unsupervised Representation Learning - an Invariant Risk Minimization Perspective
184. ICLR 2026Unsupervised Representation Learning for 3D Mesh Parameterization with Semantic and Visibility Objectives
185. ICLR 2026Watch the Weights: Unsupervised monitoring and control of fine-tuned LLMs
186. ICLR 2026Why Prototypes Collapse: Diagnosing and Preventing Partial Collapse in Prototypical Self-Supervised Learning
187. ICLR 2026ZeroTuning: Unlocking the Initial Token's Power to Enhance Large Language Models Without Training
188. ICLR 2025A General Framework for Off-Policy Learning with Partially-Observed Reward
189. ICLR 2025A General Framework for Producing Interpretable Semantic Text Embeddings
190. ICLR 2025A Percolation Model of Emergence: Analyzing Transformers Trained on a Formal Language
191. ICLR 2025A Simple yet Effective $\Delta\Delta G$ Predictor is An Unsupervised Antibody Optimizer and Explainer
192. ICLR 2025A Theoretically-Principled Sparse, Connected, and Rigid Graph Representation of Molecules
193. ICLR 2025Advancing Out-of-Distribution Detection via Local Neuroplasticity
194. ICLR 2025Advancing Prompt-Based Methods for Replay-Independent General Continual Learning
195. ICLR 2025Affine Steerable Equivariant Layer for Canonicalization of Neural Networks
196. ICLR 2025Approaching Rate-Distortion Limits in Neural Compression with Lattice Transform Coding
197. ICLR 2025Ask, and it shall be given: On the Turing completeness of prompting
198. ICLR 2025Associative memory and dead neurons
199. ICLR 2025AutoUAD: Hyper-parameter Optimization for Unsupervised Anomaly Detection
200. ICLR 2025Beyond Random Augmentations: Pretraining with Hard Views

FAQ

How many General ML · unsupervised and semisupervised learning papers were published at NeurIPS, ICLR, ICML and CVPR from 2023 to 2026?

2,683 in total: 649 in 2023, 553 in 2024, 682 in 2025, 799 in 2026.

How many General ML · unsupervised and semisupervised learning papers are at NeurIPS 2026?

NeurIPS 2026 has 194 General ML · unsupervised and semisupervised learning papers, versus 203 the year before.

How many General ML · unsupervised and semisupervised learning papers are at ICLR 2026?

ICLR 2026 has 187 General ML · unsupervised and semisupervised learning papers, versus 174 the year before.

How many General ML · unsupervised and semisupervised learning papers are at ICML 2026?

ICML 2026 has 348 General ML · unsupervised and semisupervised learning papers, versus 239 the year before.

How many General ML · unsupervised and semisupervised learning papers are at CVPR 2026?

CVPR 2026 has 70 General ML · unsupervised and semisupervised learning papers, versus 66 the year before.

Which conference publishes the most General ML · unsupervised and semisupervised learning papers?

ICML, with 859 papers from 2023 to 2026.