General ML · reinforcement learning papers, 2023–2026

Key findings

• General ML · reinforcement learning went from 287 papers in 2023 to 575 in 2026, roughly 2.0x in three years.
• ICLR publishes the most General ML · reinforcement learning work: 847 papers from 2023 to 2026, 51% of the four-venue total.
• The fastest-growing overlap is with Diffusion Models: papers tagged with both rose from 2 in 2023 to 34 in 2026.
• Among the 6 topics under General Machine Learning, it ranks #2 by 2026 paper count; the fastest grower in the group, General ML · evaluation, is up 4.3x versus 2.0x here.

Representative papers

Spread across years and venues so every edition shows up

• NeurIPS 2026The Sample Complexity of Multiple Change Point Identification under Bandit Feedback
• ICML 2026De-attribute to Forget for LLM Unlearning
• ICLR 2026AbstRaL: Augmenting LLMs' Reasoning by Reinforcing Abstract Thinking
• CVPR 2026Dynamic Important Example Mining for Reinforcement Finetuning
• NeurIPS 2025RULE: Reinforcement UnLEarning Achieves Forget-retain Pareto Optimality
• ICML 2025The Number of Trials Matters in Infinite-Horizon General-Utility Markov Decision Processes
• ICLR 2025A General Framework for Off-Policy Learning with Partially-Observed Reward
• CVPR 2025Automated Proof of Polynomial Inequalities via Reinforcement Learning
• NeurIPS 2024Learning General Parameterized Policies for Infinite Horizon Average Reward Constrained MDPs via Primal-Dual Policy Gradient Algorithm
• ICML 2024Provable Risk-Sensitive Distributional Reinforcement Learning with General Function Approximation
• ICLR 2024Bandits with Replenishable Knapsacks: the Best of both Worlds
• CVPR 2024Improving Unsupervised Hierarchical Representation with Reinforcement Learning
• NeurIPS 2023General Munchausen Reinforcement Learning with Tsallis Kullback-Leibler Divergence
• ICML 2023Non-stationary Reinforcement Learning under General Function Approximation
• ICLR 2023A General Framework for Sample-Efficient Function Approximation in Reinforcement Learning
• CVPR 2023Frustratingly Easy Regularization on Representation Can Boost Deep Reinforcement Learning
• NeurIPS 2026Learning When to Stop: Selective Imitation Learning Under Arbitrary Dynamics Shift
• ICML 2026Fox in the Henhouse: Supply-Chain Backdoor Attacks Against Reinforcement Learning
• ICLR 2026APPLE: Toward General Active Perception via Reinforcement Learning
• CVPR 2026Reinforcement-Guided Synthetic Data Generation for Privacy-Sensitive Identity Recognition

All General ML · reinforcement learning papers

335 papers, page 4 of 7

151. ICLR 2026Learning More with Less: A Dynamic Dual-Level Down-Sampling Framework for Efficient Policy Optimization
152. ICLR 2026Learning to Be Uncertain: Pre-training World Models with Horizon-Calibrated Uncertainty
153. ICLR 2026Learning To Draft: Adaptive Speculative Decoding with Reinforcement Learning
154. ICLR 2026Learning to Reason as Action Abstractions with Scalable Mid-Training RL
155. ICLR 2026Learning to Reason Efficiently with Discounted Reinforcement Learning
156. ICLR 2026Less Is More: Clustered Cross-Covariance Control for Offline RL
157. ICLR 2026Leveraging Explanation to Improve Generalization of Meta Reinforcement Learning
158. ICLR 2026Lipschitz Bandits with Stochastic Delayed Feedback
159. ICLR 2026Local Reinforcement Learning with Action-Conditioned Root Mean Squared Q-Functions
160. ICLR 2026LongRLVR: Long-Context Reinforcement Learning Requires Verifiable Context Rewards
161. ICLR 2026Look Back to Reason Forward: Revisitable Memory for Long-Context LLM Agents
162. ICLR 2026Look-ahead Reasoning with a Learned Model in Imperfect Information Games
163. ICLR 2026MAGE: Multi-scale Autoregressive Generation for Offline Reinforcement Learning
164. ICLR 2026MAGO: Beyond Fixed Hyperparameters with Multi-Objective Pareto Optimization for Hybrid LLM Reasoning
165. ICLR 2026Masked Skill Token Training for Hierarchical Off-Dynamics Transfer
166. ICLR 2026Mastering Sparse CUDA Generation through Pretrained Models and Deep Reinforcement Learning
167. ICLR 2026Matching multiple experts: on the exploitability of multi-agent imitation learning
168. ICLR 2026Mean Flow Policy with Instantaneous Velocity Constraint for One-step Action Generation
169. ICLR 2026Memory-T1: Reinforcement Learning for Temporal Reasoning in Multi-session Agents
170. ICLR 2026Memory, Benchmark & Robots: A Benchmark for Solving Complex Tasks with Reinforcement Learning
171. ICLR 2026Minimax Optimal Adversarial Reinforcement Learning
172. ICLR 2026MIRA: Memory-Integrated Reinforcement Learning Agent with Limited LLM Guidance
173. ICLR 2026MIRACLE: Model-free Imitation and Reinforcement Learning for Adaptive Cut-Selection
174. ICLR 2026Mirage or Method? How Model–Task Alignment Induces Divergent RL Conclusions
175. ICLR 2026Mixture-of-World Models: Scaling Multi-Task Reinforcement Learning with Modular Latent Dynamics
176. ICLR 2026MOBODY: Model-Based Off-Dynamics Offline Reinforcement Learning
177. ICLR 2026Model-based Offline RL via Robust Value-Aware Model Learning with Implicitly Differentiable Adaptive Weighting
178. ICLR 2026Multi-Action Self-Improvement For Neural Combinatorial Optimization
179. ICLR 2026Multi-Agent Guided Policy Optimization
180. ICLR 2026MVR: Multi-view Video Reward Shaping for Reinforcement Learning
181. ICLR 2026Near-Optimal Sample Complexity Bounds for Constrained Average-Reward MDPs
182. ICLR 2026Near-Optimal Second-Order Guarantees for Model-Based Adversarial Imitation Learning
183. ICLR 2026Negotiated Reasoning: On Provably Addressing Relative Over-Generalization
184. ICLR 2026Neural+Symbolic Approaches for Interpretable Actor-Critic Reinforcement Learning
185. ICLR 2026Object-Centric World Models from Few-Shot Annotations for Sample-Efficient Reinforcement Learning
186. ICLR 2026Occupancy Reward Shaping: Improving Credit Assignment for Offline Goal-Conditioned Reinforcement Learning
187. ICLR 2026Octax: Accelerated CHIP-8 Arcade Environments for Reinforcement Learning in JAX
188. ICLR 2026Off-Policy Evaluation for Ranking Policies under Deterministic Logging Policies
189. ICLR 2026Off-Policy Safe Reinforcement Learning with Cost-Constrained Optimistic Exploration
190. ICLR 2026Offline Preference-Based Value Optimization
191. ICLR 2026Offline Reinforcement Learning with Adaptive Feature Fusion
192. ICLR 2026On Discovering Algorithms for Adversarial Imitation Learning
193. ICLR 2026On Entropy Control in LLM-RL Algorithms
194. ICLR 2026On the Computational Limits of AI4S-RL : A Unified $\varepsilon$-$N$ Analysis
195. ICLR 2026On the Design of KL-Regularized Policy Gradient Algorithms for LLM Reasoning
196. ICLR 2026On the Direction of RLVR Updates for LLM Reasoning: Identification and Exploitation
197. ICLR 2026On the Generalization of SFT: A Reinforcement Learning Perspective with Reward Rectification
198. ICLR 2026On the Tension Between Optimality and Adversarial Robustness in Policy Optimization
199. ICLR 2026One Model for All Tasks: Leveraging Efficient World Models in Multi-Task Planning
200. ICLR 2026One-Step Flow Q-Learning: Addressing the Diffusion Policy Bottleneck in Offline Reinforcement Learning

FAQ

How many General ML · reinforcement learning papers were published at NeurIPS, ICLR, ICML and CVPR from 2023 to 2026?

1,676 in total: 287 in 2023, 403 in 2024, 411 in 2025, 575 in 2026.

How many General ML · reinforcement learning papers are at NeurIPS 2026?

NeurIPS 2026 has 113 General ML · reinforcement learning papers, versus 108 the year before.

How many General ML · reinforcement learning papers are at ICLR 2026?

ICLR 2026 has 335 General ML · reinforcement learning papers, versus 230 the year before.

How many General ML · reinforcement learning papers are at ICML 2026?

ICML 2026 has 113 General ML · reinforcement learning papers, versus 71 the year before.

How many General ML · reinforcement learning papers are at CVPR 2026?

CVPR 2026 has 14 General ML · reinforcement learning papers, versus 2 the year before.

Which conference publishes the most General ML · reinforcement learning papers?

ICLR, with 847 papers from 2023 to 2026.