Foundation Model Adaptation papers, 2023–2026

Key findings

• Foundation Model Adaptation went from 159 papers in 2023 to 602 in 2026, roughly 3.8x in three years.
• NeurIPS publishes the most Foundation Model Adaptation work: 531 papers from 2023 to 2026, 36% of the four-venue total.
• The fastest-growing overlap is with Deep learning · foundation models: papers tagged with both rose from 7 in 2023 to 66 in 2026.
• Among the 5 topics under Meta-Learning and Transfer, it ranks #1 by 2026 paper count; the fastest grower in the group, Continual Learning, is up 1.7x versus 3.8x here.

Representative papers

Spread across years and venues so every edition shows up

• NeurIPS 2026(Mis)generalization of Helpful-Only Fine-Tuning
• ICML 2026Active Learning with Foundation Model Priors: Efficient Learning under Class Imbalance
• ICLR 2026Benchmarking ECG Foundational Models: A Reality Check Across Clinical Tasks
• CVPR 2026CD-Buffer Complementary Dual-Buffer Framework for Test-Time Adaptation in Adverse Weather
• NeurIPS 2025An Investigation of Memorization Risk in Healthcare Foundation Models
• ICML 2025A Bayesian Model Selection Criterion for Selecting Pretraining Checkpoints
• ICLR 2025Better autoregressive regression with LLMs via regression-aware fine-tuning
• CVPR 20255%>100%: Breaking Performance Shackles of Full Fine-Tuning on Visual Recognition Tasks
• NeurIPS 2024Instruction Tuning Large Language Models to Understand Electronic Health Records
• ICML 2024By Tying Embeddings You Are Assuming the Distributional Hypothesis
• ICLR 2024A Hard-to-Beat Baseline for Training-free CLIP-based Adaptation
• CVPR 2024DePT: Decoupled Prompt Tuning
• NeurIPS 2023A Fast and Accurate Estimator for Large Scale Linear Model via Data Averaging
• ICML 2023Are Neurons Actually Collapsed? On the Fine-Grained Structure in Neural Representations
• ICLR 2023A Closer Look at Model Adaptation using Feature Distortion and Simplicity Bias
• CVPR 2023A-La-Carte Prompt Tuning (APT): Combining Distinct Data via Composable Prompting
• NeurIPS 2026A Graph Foundation Model for Unified Clustering
• ICML 2026AdaMeZO: Adam-style Zeroth-Order Optimizer for LLM Fine-tuning Without Maintaining the Moments
• ICLR 2026Bridging Radiology and Pathology Foundation Models via Concept-Based Multimodal Co-Adaptation
• CVPR 2026Fed-ADE Adaptive Learning Rate for Federated Post-adaptation under Distribution Shift

All Foundation Model Adaptation papers

36 papers, page 1 of 1

1. ICML 2023A Kernel-Based View of Language Model Fine-Tuning
2. ICML 2023AdaNPC: Exploring Non-Parametric Classifier for Test-Time Adaptation
3. ICML 2023Are Neurons Actually Collapsed? On the Fine-Grained Structure in Neural Representations
4. ICML 2023Bidirectional Adaptation for Robust Semi-Supervised Learning with Inconsistent Data Distributions
5. ICML 2023ClimaX: A foundation model for weather and climate
6. ICML 2023CocktailSGD: Fine-tuning Foundation Models over 500Mbps Networks
7. ICML 2023Conditional Tree Matching for Inference-Time Adaptation of Tree Prediction Models
8. ICML 2023Constant Matters: Fine-grained Error Bound on Differentially Private Continual Observation
9. ICML 2023Cross-Modal Fine-Tuning: Align then Refine
10. ICML 2023Curious Replay for Model-based Adaptation
11. ICML 2023Double-Weighting for Covariate Shift Adaptation
12. ICML 2023Efficient Personalized Federated Learning via Sparse Model-Adaptation
13. ICML 2023Explore and Exploit the Diverse Knowledge in Model Zoo for Domain Generalization
14. ICML 2023Exploring the Benefits of Training Expert Language Models over Instruction Tuning
15. ICML 2023Flash: Concept Drift Adaptation in Federated Learning
16. ICML 2023Flexible Model Aggregation for Quantile Regression
17. ICML 2023How Many Perturbations Break This Model? Evaluating Robustness Beyond Adversarial Accuracy
18. ICML 2023Human-Timescale Adaptation in an Open-Ended Task Space
19. ICML 2023In Search for a Generalizable Method for Source Free Domain Adaptation
20. ICML 2023LegendreTron: Uprising Proper Multiclass Loss Learning
21. ICML 2023Magneto: A Foundation Transformer
22. ICML 2023Master-ASR: Achieving Multilingual Scalability and Low-Resource Adaptation in ASR with Modular Learning
23. ICML 2023MetaDiffuser: Diffusion Model as Conditional Planner for Offline Meta-RL
24. ICML 2023Mitigating Spurious Correlations in Multi-modal Models during Fine-tuning
25. ICML 2023Model Transferability with Responsive Decision Subjects
26. ICML 2023mPLUG-2: A Modularized Multi-modal Foundation Model Across Text, Image and Video
27. ICML 2023On the Power of Foundation Models
28. ICML 2023On the Role of Attention in Prompt-tuning
29. ICML 2023Random Classification Noise does not defeat All Convex Potential Boosters Irrespective of Model Choice
30. ICML 2023RLSbench: Domain Adaptation Under Relaxed Label Shift
31. ICML 2023SinDDM: A Single Image Denoising Diffusion Model
32. ICML 2023Structural Re-weighting Improves Graph Domain Adaptation
33. ICML 2023Target-Aware Generative Augmentations for Single-Shot Adaptation
34. ICML 2023Task-Specific Skill Localization in Fine-tuned Language Models
35. ICML 2023Taxonomy-Structured Domain Adaptation
36. ICML 2023Test-time Adaptation with Slot-Centric Models

FAQ

How many Foundation Model Adaptation papers were published at NeurIPS, ICLR, ICML and CVPR from 2023 to 2026?

1,492 in total: 159 in 2023, 270 in 2024, 461 in 2025, 602 in 2026.

How many Foundation Model Adaptation papers are at NeurIPS 2026?

NeurIPS 2026 has 182 Foundation Model Adaptation papers, versus 174 the year before.

How many Foundation Model Adaptation papers are at ICLR 2026?

ICLR 2026 has 187 Foundation Model Adaptation papers, versus 149 the year before.

How many Foundation Model Adaptation papers are at ICML 2026?

ICML 2026 has 142 Foundation Model Adaptation papers, versus 76 the year before.

How many Foundation Model Adaptation papers are at CVPR 2026?

CVPR 2026 has 91 Foundation Model Adaptation papers, versus 62 the year before.

Which conference publishes the most Foundation Model Adaptation papers?

NeurIPS, with 531 papers from 2023 to 2026.