Foundation Model Adaptation papers, 2023–2026

Key findings

• Foundation Model Adaptation went from 159 papers in 2023 to 602 in 2026, roughly 3.8x in three years.
• NeurIPS publishes the most Foundation Model Adaptation work: 531 papers from 2023 to 2026, 36% of the four-venue total.
• The fastest-growing overlap is with Deep learning · foundation models: papers tagged with both rose from 7 in 2023 to 66 in 2026.
• Among the 5 topics under Meta-Learning and Transfer, it ranks #1 by 2026 paper count; the fastest grower in the group, Continual Learning, is up 1.7x versus 3.8x here.

Representative papers

Spread across years and venues so every edition shows up

• NeurIPS 2026(Mis)generalization of Helpful-Only Fine-Tuning
• ICML 2026Active Learning with Foundation Model Priors: Efficient Learning under Class Imbalance
• ICLR 2026Benchmarking ECG Foundational Models: A Reality Check Across Clinical Tasks
• CVPR 2026CD-Buffer Complementary Dual-Buffer Framework for Test-Time Adaptation in Adverse Weather
• NeurIPS 2025An Investigation of Memorization Risk in Healthcare Foundation Models
• ICML 2025A Bayesian Model Selection Criterion for Selecting Pretraining Checkpoints
• ICLR 2025Better autoregressive regression with LLMs via regression-aware fine-tuning
• CVPR 20255%>100%: Breaking Performance Shackles of Full Fine-Tuning on Visual Recognition Tasks
• NeurIPS 2024Instruction Tuning Large Language Models to Understand Electronic Health Records
• ICML 2024By Tying Embeddings You Are Assuming the Distributional Hypothesis
• ICLR 2024A Hard-to-Beat Baseline for Training-free CLIP-based Adaptation
• CVPR 2024DePT: Decoupled Prompt Tuning
• NeurIPS 2023A Fast and Accurate Estimator for Large Scale Linear Model via Data Averaging
• ICML 2023Are Neurons Actually Collapsed? On the Fine-Grained Structure in Neural Representations
• ICLR 2023A Closer Look at Model Adaptation using Feature Distortion and Simplicity Bias
• CVPR 2023A-La-Carte Prompt Tuning (APT): Combining Distinct Data via Composable Prompting
• NeurIPS 2026A Graph Foundation Model for Unified Clustering
• ICML 2026AdaMeZO: Adam-style Zeroth-Order Optimizer for LLM Fine-tuning Without Maintaining the Moments
• ICLR 2026Bridging Radiology and Pathology Foundation Models via Concept-Based Multimodal Co-Adaptation
• CVPR 2026Fed-ADE Adaptive Learning Rate for Federated Post-adaptation under Distribution Shift

All Foundation Model Adaptation papers

602 papers, page 7 of 13

301. ICML 2026Can We Build a Monolithic Model for Fake Image Detection? SICA: Semantic-Induced Constrained Adaptation for Unified-Yet-Discriminative Artifact Feature Space Reconstruction
302. ICML 2026Causal Fine-Tuning under Latent Confounded Shift
303. ICML 2026ChaosNexus: A Foundation Model for ODE-based Chaotic System Forecasting with Hierarchical Multi-scale Awareness
304. ICML 2026COBRA: Contribution-Based Bayesian Rank Allocation for Parameter-Efficient Fine-Tuning
305. ICML 2026CoLA: Cross-Modal Low-rank Adaptation for Multimodal Downstream Tasks
306. ICML 2026Collaborative and Efficient Fine-tuning: Leveraging Task Similarity
307. ICML 2026Compression as Adaptation: Implicit Visual Representation with Diffusion Foundation Models
308. ICML 2026ConFlux: Multivariate Time Series in Flux, One Unified Forecast in Confluence
309. ICML 2026Constrained Flow Optimization via Sequential Fine-Tuning for Molecular Design
310. ICML 2026Cross-Modal Knowledge Distillation without Paired Data: Theoretical Foundation and Algorithm
311. ICML 2026CSPLoRA: Confidence-Guided Structure Planning for Low-Rank Adaptation
312. ICML 2026Cure-SFT: Diagnostic-Guided Data Curation for Instruction Tuning
313. ICML 2026Data Difficulty and the Generalization–Extrapolation Tradeoff in LLM Fine-Tuning
314. ICML 2026Decoupled Low-Rank Adaptation for Robust Federated Fine-Tuning
315. ICML 2026Decoupled Training with Local Reinforcement Fine-Tuning in Federated Learning
316. ICML 2026DiP-G: Discrete Prompting for Graph Neural Networks
317. ICML 2026Distilling Linearized Behavior into Non-linear Fine-Tuning for Effective Task Arithmetic
318. ICML 2026Distribution Transformers: Fast Approximate Bayesian Inference With On-The-Fly Prior Adaptation
319. ICML 2026Diversity-aware Weight Perturbation Promotes Robust Adaptation
320. ICML 2026Don't Reinvent the Wheel, Just Realign the Spokes: Resource-Efficient Federated Fine-Tuning via Rank-Wise Expert Assembly
321. ICML 2026DTop-p MoE: Sparsity-Controlled Dynamic Top-p MoE for Foundation Model Pre-training
322. ICML 2026EDCO: Dynamic Curriculum Orchestration for Domain-specific Large Language Model Fine-tuning
323. ICML 2026EEG-FM-Bench: A Comprehensive Benchmark for the Systematic Evaluation and Diagnostic Analyses of EEG Foundation Models
324. ICML 2026EmBrace: A Collective Knowledge Fusion Framework Toward Unified EEG Foundation Models
325. ICML 2026End-to-End Compression for Tabular Foundation Models
326. ICML 2026Energy-Structured Low-Rank Adaptation for Continual Learning
327. ICML 2026Evolution Strategies at Scale: LLM Fine-Tuning Beyond Reinforcement Learning
328. ICML 2026FedHera: Towards Drift-Resilient Federated Fine-tuning with Heterogeneous Resources
329. ICML 2026FedPissa: Towards Federated Personalized Adaptation of Foundation Models via LoRA Subspace Mapping
330. ICML 2026FedTreeLoRA: Reconciling Statistical and Functional Heterogeneity in Federated LoRA Fine-Tuning
331. ICML 2026Fine-Tuning of Transformer models with Frames
332. ICML 2026Fine-Tuning Without Forgetting In-Context Learning: A Theoretical Analysis of Linear Attention Models
333. ICML 2026Fingerprinting Pre-trained Encoders under Arbitrary Downstream Fine-Tuning via Adversarial Shifting
334. ICML 2026FIRE: Multi-Fidelity Regression with Distribution-Conditioned In-Context Learning Using Tabular Foundation Models
335. ICML 2026FiX: Introducing Fine-grained Forget Gate into Softmax Attention
336. ICML 2026Foundation Inference Models for Ordinary Differential Equations
337. ICML 2026From Static Constraints to Dynamic Adaptation: Sample-Level Constraint Relaxation for Offline-to-Online Reinforcement Learning
338. ICML 2026Geometry-Preserving Orthonormal Initialization for Low-Rank Adaptation in RLVR
339. ICML 2026GFMate: Empowering Graph Foundation Models with Test-time Prompt Tuning
340. ICML 2026GOTabPFN: From Feature Ordering to Compact Tokenization for Tabular Foundation Models on High-Dimensional Data
341. ICML 2026GPan-LoRA: Gaussian Process Amortized Networks for Bayesian Low-Rank Adaptation in Large Language Models
342. ICML 2026GR-LoRA: Gradient-Recycling Low-Rank Adaptation for Class-Incremental Learning
343. ICML 2026Hierarchical Causal Abduction: A Foundation Framework for Explainable Model Predictive Control
344. ICML 2026ICR-RL: Deep Reinforcement Learning via In-Context-Regression
345. ICML 2026iLoRA: Bayesian Low-Rank Adaptation with Latent Interaction Graphs for Microbiome Diagnosis
346. ICML 2026Is One Layer Enough? Understanding Inference Dynamics in Tabular Foundation Models
347. ICML 2026JANUS-LORA: A Balanced Low-Rank Adaptation for Continual Learning
348. ICML 2026KromHC: Manifold-Constrained Hyper-Connections with Kronecker-Product Residual Matrices
349. ICML 2026Learning a Zeroth-Order Optimizer for Fine-Tuning LLMs
350. ICML 2026Learning Graph Foundation Models on Riemannian Graph-of-Graphs

FAQ

How many Foundation Model Adaptation papers were published at NeurIPS, ICLR, ICML and CVPR from 2023 to 2026?

1,492 in total: 159 in 2023, 270 in 2024, 461 in 2025, 602 in 2026.

How many Foundation Model Adaptation papers are at NeurIPS 2026?

NeurIPS 2026 has 182 Foundation Model Adaptation papers, versus 174 the year before.

How many Foundation Model Adaptation papers are at ICLR 2026?

ICLR 2026 has 187 Foundation Model Adaptation papers, versus 149 the year before.

How many Foundation Model Adaptation papers are at ICML 2026?

ICML 2026 has 142 Foundation Model Adaptation papers, versus 76 the year before.

How many Foundation Model Adaptation papers are at CVPR 2026?

CVPR 2026 has 91 Foundation Model Adaptation papers, versus 62 the year before.

Which conference publishes the most Foundation Model Adaptation papers?

NeurIPS, with 531 papers from 2023 to 2026.