Foundation Model Adaptation papers, 2023–2026

Key findings

• Foundation Model Adaptation went from 159 papers in 2023 to 602 in 2026, roughly 3.8x in three years.
• NeurIPS publishes the most Foundation Model Adaptation work: 531 papers from 2023 to 2026, 36% of the four-venue total.
• The fastest-growing overlap is with Deep learning · foundation models: papers tagged with both rose from 7 in 2023 to 66 in 2026.
• Among the 5 topics under Meta-Learning and Transfer, it ranks #1 by 2026 paper count; the fastest grower in the group, Continual Learning, is up 1.7x versus 3.8x here.

Representative papers

Spread across years and venues so every edition shows up

• NeurIPS 2026(Mis)generalization of Helpful-Only Fine-Tuning
• ICML 2026Active Learning with Foundation Model Priors: Efficient Learning under Class Imbalance
• ICLR 2026Benchmarking ECG Foundational Models: A Reality Check Across Clinical Tasks
• CVPR 2026CD-Buffer Complementary Dual-Buffer Framework for Test-Time Adaptation in Adverse Weather
• NeurIPS 2025An Investigation of Memorization Risk in Healthcare Foundation Models
• ICML 2025A Bayesian Model Selection Criterion for Selecting Pretraining Checkpoints
• ICLR 2025Better autoregressive regression with LLMs via regression-aware fine-tuning
• CVPR 20255%>100%: Breaking Performance Shackles of Full Fine-Tuning on Visual Recognition Tasks
• NeurIPS 2024Instruction Tuning Large Language Models to Understand Electronic Health Records
• ICML 2024By Tying Embeddings You Are Assuming the Distributional Hypothesis
• ICLR 2024A Hard-to-Beat Baseline for Training-free CLIP-based Adaptation
• CVPR 2024DePT: Decoupled Prompt Tuning
• NeurIPS 2023A Fast and Accurate Estimator for Large Scale Linear Model via Data Averaging
• ICML 2023Are Neurons Actually Collapsed? On the Fine-Grained Structure in Neural Representations
• ICLR 2023A Closer Look at Model Adaptation using Feature Distortion and Simplicity Bias
• CVPR 2023A-La-Carte Prompt Tuning (APT): Combining Distinct Data via Composable Prompting
• NeurIPS 2026A Graph Foundation Model for Unified Clustering
• ICML 2026AdaMeZO: Adam-style Zeroth-Order Optimizer for LLM Fine-tuning Without Maintaining the Moments
• ICLR 2026Bridging Radiology and Pathology Foundation Models via Concept-Based Multimodal Co-Adaptation
• CVPR 2026Fed-ADE Adaptive Learning Rate for Federated Post-adaptation under Distribution Shift

All Foundation Model Adaptation papers

270 papers, page 6 of 6

251. NeurIPS 2024Source Code Foundation Models are Transferable Binary Analysis Knowledge Bases
252. NeurIPS 2024Spectral Adapter: Fine-Tuning in Spectral Space
253. NeurIPS 2024Stepping Forward on the Last Mile
254. NeurIPS 2024Stress-Testing Capability Elicitation With Password-Locked Models
255. NeurIPS 2024Style Adaptation and Uncertainty Estimation for Multi-Source Blended-Target Domain Adaptation
256. NeurIPS 2024SVFT: Parameter-Efficient Fine-Tuning with Singular Vectors
257. NeurIPS 2024Synthesize, Partition, then Adapt: Eliciting Diverse Samples from Foundation Models
258. NeurIPS 2024Text-space Graph Foundation Models: Comprehensive Benchmarks and New Insights
259. NeurIPS 2024The Impact of Initialization on LoRA Finetuning Dynamics
260. NeurIPS 2024The Representation Landscape of Few-Shot Learning and Fine-Tuning in Large Language Models
261. NeurIPS 2024Towards Calibrated Robust Fine-Tuning of Vision-Language Models
262. NeurIPS 2024Uncertainty-aware Fine-tuning of Segmentation Foundation Models
263. NeurIPS 2024Understanding Linear Probing then Fine-tuning Language Models from NTK Perspective
264. NeurIPS 2024UniDSeg: Unified Cross-Domain 3D Semantic Segmentation via Visual Foundation Models Prior
265. NeurIPS 2024Unveiling LoRA Intrinsic Ranks via Salience Analysis
266. NeurIPS 2024Vaccine: Perturbation-aware Alignment for Large Language Models against Harmful Fine-tuning Attack
267. NeurIPS 2024VB-LoRA: Extreme Parameter Efficient Fine-Tuning with Vector Banks
268. NeurIPS 2024Vision Foundation Model Enables Generalizable Object Pose Estimation
269. NeurIPS 2024What does guidance do? A fine-grained analysis in a simple setting
270. NeurIPS 2024WONDERBREAD: A Benchmark for Evaluating Multimodal Foundation Models on Business Process Management Tasks

FAQ

How many Foundation Model Adaptation papers were published at NeurIPS, ICLR, ICML and CVPR from 2023 to 2026?

1,492 in total: 159 in 2023, 270 in 2024, 461 in 2025, 602 in 2026.

How many Foundation Model Adaptation papers are at NeurIPS 2026?

NeurIPS 2026 has 182 Foundation Model Adaptation papers, versus 174 the year before.

How many Foundation Model Adaptation papers are at ICLR 2026?

ICLR 2026 has 187 Foundation Model Adaptation papers, versus 149 the year before.

How many Foundation Model Adaptation papers are at ICML 2026?

ICML 2026 has 142 Foundation Model Adaptation papers, versus 76 the year before.

How many Foundation Model Adaptation papers are at CVPR 2026?

CVPR 2026 has 91 Foundation Model Adaptation papers, versus 62 the year before.

Which conference publishes the most Foundation Model Adaptation papers?

NeurIPS, with 531 papers from 2023 to 2026.