Foundation Model Adaptation papers, 2023–2026

Key findings

• Foundation Model Adaptation went from 159 papers in 2023 to 602 in 2026, roughly 3.8x in three years.
• NeurIPS publishes the most Foundation Model Adaptation work: 531 papers from 2023 to 2026, 36% of the four-venue total.
• The fastest-growing overlap is with Deep learning · foundation models: papers tagged with both rose from 7 in 2023 to 66 in 2026.
• Among the 5 topics under Meta-Learning and Transfer, it ranks #1 by 2026 paper count; the fastest grower in the group, Continual Learning, is up 1.7x versus 3.8x here.

Representative papers

Spread across years and venues so every edition shows up

• NeurIPS 2026(Mis)generalization of Helpful-Only Fine-Tuning
• ICML 2026Active Learning with Foundation Model Priors: Efficient Learning under Class Imbalance
• ICLR 2026Benchmarking ECG Foundational Models: A Reality Check Across Clinical Tasks
• CVPR 2026CD-Buffer Complementary Dual-Buffer Framework for Test-Time Adaptation in Adverse Weather
• NeurIPS 2025An Investigation of Memorization Risk in Healthcare Foundation Models
• ICML 2025A Bayesian Model Selection Criterion for Selecting Pretraining Checkpoints
• ICLR 2025Better autoregressive regression with LLMs via regression-aware fine-tuning
• CVPR 20255%>100%: Breaking Performance Shackles of Full Fine-Tuning on Visual Recognition Tasks
• NeurIPS 2024Instruction Tuning Large Language Models to Understand Electronic Health Records
• ICML 2024By Tying Embeddings You Are Assuming the Distributional Hypothesis
• ICLR 2024A Hard-to-Beat Baseline for Training-free CLIP-based Adaptation
• CVPR 2024DePT: Decoupled Prompt Tuning
• NeurIPS 2023A Fast and Accurate Estimator for Large Scale Linear Model via Data Averaging
• ICML 2023Are Neurons Actually Collapsed? On the Fine-Grained Structure in Neural Representations
• ICLR 2023A Closer Look at Model Adaptation using Feature Distortion and Simplicity Bias
• CVPR 2023A-La-Carte Prompt Tuning (APT): Combining Distinct Data via Composable Prompting
• NeurIPS 2026A Graph Foundation Model for Unified Clustering
• ICML 2026AdaMeZO: Adam-style Zeroth-Order Optimizer for LLM Fine-tuning Without Maintaining the Moments
• ICLR 2026Bridging Radiology and Pathology Foundation Models via Concept-Based Multimodal Co-Adaptation
• CVPR 2026Fed-ADE Adaptive Learning Rate for Federated Post-adaptation under Distribution Shift

All Foundation Model Adaptation papers

174 papers, page 3 of 4

101. NeurIPS 2025MindGYM: What Matters in Question Synthesis for Thinking-Centric Fine-Tuning?
102. NeurIPS 2025Minimax-Optimal Univariate Function Selection in Sparse Additive Models: Rates, Adaptation, and the Estimation-Selection Gap
103. NeurIPS 2025Mitigating Forgetting in LLM Fine-Tuning via Low-Perplexity Token Learning
104. NeurIPS 2025Mitra: Mixed Synthetic Priors for Enhancing Tabular Foundation Models
105. NeurIPS 2025MokA: Multimodal Low-Rank Adaptation for MLLMs
106. NeurIPS 2025Multi-Scale Finetuning for Encoder-based Time Series Foundation Models
107. NeurIPS 2025Multimodal 3D Genome Pre-training
108. NeurIPS 2025Neural Networks for Learnable and Scalable Influence Estimation of Instruction Fine-Tuning Data
109. NeurIPS 2025NeurIPT: Foundation Model for Neural Interfaces
110. NeurIPS 2025NormFit: A Lightweight Solution for Few-Shot Federated Learning with Non-IID Data
111. NeurIPS 2025OmniDraft: A cross-vocabulary, online adaptive drafter for on-device speculative decoding
112. NeurIPS 2025On the Loss of Context Awareness in General Instruction Fine-tuning
113. NeurIPS 2025One Prompt Fits All: Universal Graph Adaptation for Pretrained Models
114. NeurIPS 2025Optimization Inspired Few-Shot Adaptation for Large Language Models
115. NeurIPS 2025Parameter Efficient Fine-tuning via Explained Variance Adaptation
116. NeurIPS 2025PathVQ: Reforming Computational Pathology Foundation Model for Whole Slide Image Analysis via Vector Quantization
117. NeurIPS 2025Pay Attention to Small Weights
118. NeurIPS 2025PaZO: Preconditioned Accelerated Zeroth-Order Optimization for Fine-Tuning LLMs
119. NeurIPS 2025PoLAR: Polar-Decomposed Low-Rank Adapter Representation
120. NeurIPS 2025Principled Fine-tuning of LLMs from User-Edits: A Medley of Preference, Supervision, and Reward
121. NeurIPS 2025Prompt Tuning Transformers for Data Memorization
122. NeurIPS 2025Provable Meta-Learning with Low-Rank Adaptations
123. NeurIPS 2025Q3R: Quadratic Reweighted Rank Regularizer for Effective Low-Rank Training
124. NeurIPS 2025QBasicVSR: Temporal Awareness Adaptation Quantization for Video Super-Resolution
125. NeurIPS 2025Ravan: Multi-Head Low-Rank Adaptation for Federated Fine-Tuning
126. NeurIPS 2025RefLoRA: Refactored Low-Rank Adaptation for Efficient Fine-Tuning of Large Models
127. NeurIPS 2025REVE: A Foundation Model for EEG - Adapting to Any Setup with Large-Scale Pretraining on 25,000 Subjects
128. NeurIPS 2025Revisiting Semi-Supervised Learning in the Era of Foundation Models
129. NeurIPS 2025RidgeLoRA: Matrix Ridge Enhanced Low-Rank Adaptation of Large Language Models
130. NeurIPS 2025RoFt-Mol: Benchmarking Robust Fine-tuning with Molecular Graph Foundation Models
131. NeurIPS 2025RoMA: Scaling up Mamba-based Foundation Models for Remote Sensing
132. NeurIPS 2025S'MoRE: Structural Mixture of Residual Experts for Parameter-Efficient LLM Fine-tuning
133. NeurIPS 2025Seemingly Redundant Modules Enhance Robust Odor Learning in Fruit Flies
134. NeurIPS 2025Self-Improving Embodied Foundation Models
135. NeurIPS 2025SEMPO: Lightweight Foundation Models for Time Series Forecasting
136. NeurIPS 2025SensorLM: Learning the Language of Wearable Sensors
137. NeurIPS 2025Sheetpedia: A 300K-Spreadsheet Corpus for Spreadsheet Intelligence and LLM Fine-Tuning
138. NeurIPS 2025Single GPU Task Adaptation of Pathology Foundation Models for Whole Slide Image Analysis
139. NeurIPS 2025SPACE: Noise Contrastive Estimation Stabilizes Self-Play Fine-Tuning for Large Language Models
140. NeurIPS 2025Sparse MeZO: Less Parameters for Better Performance in Zeroth-Order LLM Fine-Tuning
141. NeurIPS 2025Spend Wisely: Maximizing Post-Training Gains in Iterative Synthetic Data Bootstrapping
142. NeurIPS 2025StelLA: Subspace Learning in Low-rank Adaptation using Stiefel Manifold
143. NeurIPS 2025Synergy over Discrepancy: A Partition-Based Approach to Multi-Domain LLM Fine-Tuning
144. NeurIPS 2025TabDPT: Scaling Tabular Foundation Models on Real Data
145. NeurIPS 2025TabSTAR: A Tabular Foundation Model for Tabular Data with Text Fields
146. NeurIPS 2025Tabula: A Tabular Self-Supervised Foundation Model for Single-Cell Transcriptomics
147. NeurIPS 2025Test-Time Adaptive Object Detection with Foundation Model
148. NeurIPS 2025Test-Time Spectrum-Aware Latent Steering for Zero-Shot Generalization in Vision-Language Models
149. NeurIPS 2025The Best Instruction-Tuning Data are Those That Fit
150. NeurIPS 2025The Illusion of Progress? A Critical Look at Test-Time Adaptation for Vision-Language Models

FAQ

How many Foundation Model Adaptation papers were published at NeurIPS, ICLR, ICML and CVPR from 2023 to 2026?

1,492 in total: 159 in 2023, 270 in 2024, 461 in 2025, 602 in 2026.

How many Foundation Model Adaptation papers are at NeurIPS 2026?

NeurIPS 2026 has 182 Foundation Model Adaptation papers, versus 174 the year before.

How many Foundation Model Adaptation papers are at ICLR 2026?

ICLR 2026 has 187 Foundation Model Adaptation papers, versus 149 the year before.

How many Foundation Model Adaptation papers are at ICML 2026?

ICML 2026 has 142 Foundation Model Adaptation papers, versus 76 the year before.

How many Foundation Model Adaptation papers are at CVPR 2026?

CVPR 2026 has 91 Foundation Model Adaptation papers, versus 62 the year before.

Which conference publishes the most Foundation Model Adaptation papers?

NeurIPS, with 531 papers from 2023 to 2026.