Foundation Model Adaptation papers, 2023–2026

Key findings

• Foundation Model Adaptation went from 159 papers in 2023 to 602 in 2026, roughly 3.8x in three years.
• NeurIPS publishes the most Foundation Model Adaptation work: 531 papers from 2023 to 2026, 36% of the four-venue total.
• The fastest-growing overlap is with Deep learning · foundation models: papers tagged with both rose from 7 in 2023 to 66 in 2026.
• Among the 5 topics under Meta-Learning and Transfer, it ranks #1 by 2026 paper count; the fastest grower in the group, Continual Learning, is up 1.7x versus 3.8x here.

Representative papers

Spread across years and venues so every edition shows up

• NeurIPS 2026(Mis)generalization of Helpful-Only Fine-Tuning
• ICML 2026Active Learning with Foundation Model Priors: Efficient Learning under Class Imbalance
• ICLR 2026Benchmarking ECG Foundational Models: A Reality Check Across Clinical Tasks
• CVPR 2026CD-Buffer Complementary Dual-Buffer Framework for Test-Time Adaptation in Adverse Weather
• NeurIPS 2025An Investigation of Memorization Risk in Healthcare Foundation Models
• ICML 2025A Bayesian Model Selection Criterion for Selecting Pretraining Checkpoints
• ICLR 2025Better autoregressive regression with LLMs via regression-aware fine-tuning
• CVPR 20255%>100%: Breaking Performance Shackles of Full Fine-Tuning on Visual Recognition Tasks
• NeurIPS 2024Instruction Tuning Large Language Models to Understand Electronic Health Records
• ICML 2024By Tying Embeddings You Are Assuming the Distributional Hypothesis
• ICLR 2024A Hard-to-Beat Baseline for Training-free CLIP-based Adaptation
• CVPR 2024DePT: Decoupled Prompt Tuning
• NeurIPS 2023A Fast and Accurate Estimator for Large Scale Linear Model via Data Averaging
• ICML 2023Are Neurons Actually Collapsed? On the Fine-Grained Structure in Neural Representations
• ICLR 2023A Closer Look at Model Adaptation using Feature Distortion and Simplicity Bias
• CVPR 2023A-La-Carte Prompt Tuning (APT): Combining Distinct Data via Composable Prompting
• NeurIPS 2026A Graph Foundation Model for Unified Clustering
• ICML 2026AdaMeZO: Adam-style Zeroth-Order Optimizer for LLM Fine-tuning Without Maintaining the Moments
• ICLR 2026Bridging Radiology and Pathology Foundation Models via Concept-Based Multimodal Co-Adaptation
• CVPR 2026Fed-ADE Adaptive Learning Rate for Federated Post-adaptation under Distribution Shift

All Foundation Model Adaptation papers

531 papers, page 3 of 11

101. NeurIPS 2026Multimodal LLMs Outperform Pathology Foundation Models in Cross-Domain Histological Similarity
102. NeurIPS 2026NADS: Navigator-Guided Data Selection for Mitigating Catastrophic Forgetting in Fine-Tuning
103. NeurIPS 2026Neuro-KE: Knowledge-Guided Interfaces for Semantically Grounded EEG Foundation Models
104. NeurIPS 2026NeuroAtlas: Benchmarking Foundation Models for Clinical EEG and Brain-Computer Interfaces
105. NeurIPS 2026NeuroNTP - A Generalizable Multimodal Foundation Model for Epilepsy
106. NeurIPS 2026No One Knows the State-of-the-Art in Geospatial Foundation Models
107. NeurIPS 2026Nüwa.RNA: An RNA Foundation Model for Unified Representation with Deep Structure Infusion
108. NeurIPS 2026OATS: Online Data Augmentation for Time Series Foundation Models
109. NeurIPS 2026On the Design Space of Discrete Diffusion Online Adaptation for Molecular Optimization
110. NeurIPS 2026One Adapter For All: Towards Generalizable Many-To-One Domain Adaptation In Heterogeneous Collaborative Perception
111. NeurIPS 2026One Algorithm, Two Goals: Dual Scoring for Parameter and Data Selection in LLM Fine-Tuning
112. NeurIPS 2026One Language-Free Foundation Model Is Enough for Universal Vision Anomaly Detection
113. NeurIPS 2026One Loss to Rule Them All: Marked Time-to-Event for Structured EHR Foundation Models
114. NeurIPS 2026Online Change-point Detection using Foundation Probabilistic Forecasting Models
115. NeurIPS 2026OpenMHC: Accelerating the Science of Wearable Foundation Models
116. NeurIPS 2026Optimistic Q-value Adaptation for Offline-to-Online Reinforcement Learning
117. NeurIPS 2026OrbitLoRA: Learning Rotation-Aware Low-Data Adaptation of Vision Foundation Models
118. NeurIPS 2026PACZero: PAC-Private Fine-Tuning of Language Models via Sign Quantization
119. NeurIPS 2026Pan-FM: A Pan-Organ Foundation Model with Saliency-Guided Masking for Missing Robustness
120. NeurIPS 2026Personalized Safety in Federated Fine-Tuning of Large Language Models
121. NeurIPS 2026Position: The Road to Generalizable Neuro-Symbolic Learning Should be Paved with Foundation Models
122. NeurIPS 2026Pretraining Curricula Enable Selective Fine-tuning
123. NeurIPS 2026PriFT: Prior-Support Guided Token Reweighting for Supervised Fine-Tuning
124. NeurIPS 2026PriorVLA: Prior-Preserving Adaptation for Vision-Language-Action Models
125. NeurIPS 2026PRISM: Principal Subspace Alignment for Parameter-Efficient Fine-Tuning
126. NeurIPS 2026PROLA: Principal-Orthogonal Low-rank Adaptation for Predictive Spatiotemporal Weather Downscaling
127. NeurIPS 2026ProMo3D: Probing Motion Cues in Frozen 3D Foundation Models
128. NeurIPS 2026Prysma: Efficient Modality Adaptation for SLO-aware LLM-based Video Question Answering
129. NeurIPS 2026RAD-TFM: Robust and Domain-Adapted Tabular Foundation Models
130. NeurIPS 2026RadOmni: Advancing Foundation Model for Non-contrast CT with Omni Radiology Knowledge
131. NeurIPS 2026RAHF: Reward-Amplified Human Feedback for Closed-Loop Policy Fine-Tuning
132. NeurIPS 2026Raw-Routed Mixture of Adapters: A Causal Intervention for Routing Collapse in Time Series Foundation Models
133. NeurIPS 2026RayTun3R: Online Camera Adaptation in 3D Foundation Models
134. NeurIPS 2026Reasoning-Trace Collapse: Evaluating the Loss of Explicit Reasoning During Fine-Tuning
135. NeurIPS 2026Relation-Aware Graph Foundation Model
136. NeurIPS 2026Resource-Aware Parameter-Efficient Model Adaptation for Onboard High-Dimensional Data
137. NeurIPS 2026Rest-Tuning: Data-Efficient Adaptation of EEG Foundation Models to Individuals via Resting-State Signals
138. NeurIPS 2026Rethinking "RL Generalizes, SFT Memorizes": The Role of SFT Data
139. NeurIPS 2026Rethinking LLM Fine-Tuning via Weight Space Reparameterization: Preserving Safety during Downstream Adaptation
140. NeurIPS 2026RIZZ: Routing Interactions to Near Zero-Interference Zones for Continual Adaptation of Black-Box Agents
141. NeurIPS 2026Robust and Efficient Finetuning of Vision Foundation Models via Implicit Ensembling
142. NeurIPS 2026Robust Diffusion Models via Divergence-Induced Weighted Denoising
143. NeurIPS 2026SaMA: Morpho Adaptation via Asymmetric Expansion of Kronecker Product
144. NeurIPS 2026SapiensID 2.0: Aligning Human Recognition Foundation Models with Human Perception
145. NeurIPS 2026Scalable Adaptation of 3D Geometric Foundation Models via Weak Supervision from Internet Video
146. NeurIPS 2026Scalable Variational Bayesian Fine-Tuning of LLMs via Orthogonalized Low-Rank Adapters
147. NeurIPS 2026ScreenShot: A Foundation Model for Few-Shot Combination Drug Screening
148. NeurIPS 2026SDS-LoRA: Overcoming Anisotropic Gradient Scaling in Low-Rank Adaptation
149. NeurIPS 2026SLDR: Defending Against Malicious Fine-tuning via Selective Layers Recovery and Dynamic Routing
150. NeurIPS 2026Solver-as-Teacher: Solver-Guided On-Policy Post-Training Framework for PDE Foundation Models

FAQ

How many Foundation Model Adaptation papers were published at NeurIPS, ICLR, ICML and CVPR from 2023 to 2026?

1,492 in total: 159 in 2023, 270 in 2024, 461 in 2025, 602 in 2026.

How many Foundation Model Adaptation papers are at NeurIPS 2026?

NeurIPS 2026 has 182 Foundation Model Adaptation papers, versus 174 the year before.

How many Foundation Model Adaptation papers are at ICLR 2026?

ICLR 2026 has 187 Foundation Model Adaptation papers, versus 149 the year before.

How many Foundation Model Adaptation papers are at ICML 2026?

ICML 2026 has 142 Foundation Model Adaptation papers, versus 76 the year before.

How many Foundation Model Adaptation papers are at CVPR 2026?

CVPR 2026 has 91 Foundation Model Adaptation papers, versus 62 the year before.

Which conference publishes the most Foundation Model Adaptation papers?

NeurIPS, with 531 papers from 2023 to 2026.