Foundation Model Adaptation papers, 2023–2026

Key findings

• Foundation Model Adaptation went from 159 papers in 2023 to 602 in 2026, roughly 3.8x in three years.
• NeurIPS publishes the most Foundation Model Adaptation work: 531 papers from 2023 to 2026, 36% of the four-venue total.
• The fastest-growing overlap is with Deep learning · foundation models: papers tagged with both rose from 7 in 2023 to 66 in 2026.
• Among the 5 topics under Meta-Learning and Transfer, it ranks #1 by 2026 paper count; the fastest grower in the group, Continual Learning, is up 1.7x versus 3.8x here.

Representative papers

Spread across years and venues so every edition shows up

• NeurIPS 2026(Mis)generalization of Helpful-Only Fine-Tuning
• ICML 2026Active Learning with Foundation Model Priors: Efficient Learning under Class Imbalance
• ICLR 2026Benchmarking ECG Foundational Models: A Reality Check Across Clinical Tasks
• CVPR 2026CD-Buffer Complementary Dual-Buffer Framework for Test-Time Adaptation in Adverse Weather
• NeurIPS 2025An Investigation of Memorization Risk in Healthcare Foundation Models
• ICML 2025A Bayesian Model Selection Criterion for Selecting Pretraining Checkpoints
• ICLR 2025Better autoregressive regression with LLMs via regression-aware fine-tuning
• CVPR 20255%>100%: Breaking Performance Shackles of Full Fine-Tuning on Visual Recognition Tasks
• NeurIPS 2024Instruction Tuning Large Language Models to Understand Electronic Health Records
• ICML 2024By Tying Embeddings You Are Assuming the Distributional Hypothesis
• ICLR 2024A Hard-to-Beat Baseline for Training-free CLIP-based Adaptation
• CVPR 2024DePT: Decoupled Prompt Tuning
• NeurIPS 2023A Fast and Accurate Estimator for Large Scale Linear Model via Data Averaging
• ICML 2023Are Neurons Actually Collapsed? On the Fine-Grained Structure in Neural Representations
• ICLR 2023A Closer Look at Model Adaptation using Feature Distortion and Simplicity Bias
• CVPR 2023A-La-Carte Prompt Tuning (APT): Combining Distinct Data via Composable Prompting
• NeurIPS 2026A Graph Foundation Model for Unified Clustering
• ICML 2026AdaMeZO: Adam-style Zeroth-Order Optimizer for LLM Fine-tuning Without Maintaining the Moments
• ICLR 2026Bridging Radiology and Pathology Foundation Models via Concept-Based Multimodal Co-Adaptation
• CVPR 2026Fed-ADE Adaptive Learning Rate for Federated Post-adaptation under Distribution Shift

All Foundation Model Adaptation papers

81 papers, page 2 of 2

51. NeurIPS 2023Near-Optimal $k$-Clustering in the Sliding Window Model
52. NeurIPS 2023On Sparse Modern Hopfield Model
53. NeurIPS 2023On the Connection between Pre-training Data Diversity and Fine-tuning Robustness
54. NeurIPS 2023Optimal Transport Model Distributional Robustness
55. NeurIPS 2023OV-PARTS: Towards Open-Vocabulary Part Segmentation
56. NeurIPS 2023Parameter-efficient Tuning of Large-scale Multimodal Foundation Model
57. NeurIPS 2023PIXIU: A Comprehensive Benchmark, Instruction Dataset and Large Language Model for Finance
58. NeurIPS 2023Preference-grounded Token-level Guidance for Language Model Fine-tuning
59. NeurIPS 2023R-divergence for Estimating Model-oriented Distribution Discrepancy
60. NeurIPS 2023RDumb: A simple approach that questions our progress in continual test-time adaptation
61. NeurIPS 2023Res-Tuning: A Flexible and Efficient Tuning Paradigm via Unbinding Tuner from Backbone
62. NeurIPS 2023Retaining Beneficial Information from Detrimental Data for Neural Network Repair
63. NeurIPS 2023Rewarded soups: towards Pareto-optimal alignment by interpolating weights fine-tuned on diverse rewards
64. NeurIPS 2023SegRefiner: Towards Model-Agnostic Segmentation Refinement with Discrete Diffusion Process
65. NeurIPS 2023Self-Chained Image-Language Model for Video Localization and Question Answering
66. NeurIPS 2023SPA: A Graph Spectral Alignment Perspective for Domain Adaptation
67. NeurIPS 2023Subspace Identification for Multi-Source Domain Adaptation
68. NeurIPS 2023Synthetic-to-Real Pose Estimation with Geometric Reconstruction
69. NeurIPS 2023Task-Robust Pre-Training for Worst-Case Downstream Adaptation
70. NeurIPS 2023The Goldilocks of Pragmatic Understanding: Fine-Tuning Strategy Matters for Implicature Resolution by LLMs
71. NeurIPS 2023TIES-Merging: Resolving Interference When Merging Models
72. NeurIPS 2023To Repeat or Not To Repeat: Insights from Scaling LLM under Token-Crisis
73. NeurIPS 2023Topological RANSAC for instance verification and retrieval without fine-tuning
74. NeurIPS 2023Towards Foundation Models for Scientific Machine Learning: Characterizing Scaling and Transfer Behavior
75. NeurIPS 2023Towards Optimal Caching and Model Selection for Large Model Inference
76. NeurIPS 2023Towards Stable Backdoor Purification through Feature Shift Tuning
77. NeurIPS 2023Training-free Diffusion Model Adaptation for Variable-Sized Text-to-Image Synthesis
78. NeurIPS 2023Undirected Probabilistic Model for Tensor Decomposition
79. NeurIPS 2023WalkLM: A Uniform Language Model Fine-tuning Framework for Attributed Graph Embedding
80. NeurIPS 2023When Visual Prompt Tuning Meets Source-Free Domain Adaptive Semantic Segmentation
81. NeurIPS 2023Winner-Take-All Column Row Sampling for Memory Efficient Adaptation of Language Model

FAQ

How many Foundation Model Adaptation papers were published at NeurIPS, ICLR, ICML and CVPR from 2023 to 2026?

1,492 in total: 159 in 2023, 270 in 2024, 461 in 2025, 602 in 2026.

How many Foundation Model Adaptation papers are at NeurIPS 2026?

NeurIPS 2026 has 182 Foundation Model Adaptation papers, versus 174 the year before.

How many Foundation Model Adaptation papers are at ICLR 2026?

ICLR 2026 has 187 Foundation Model Adaptation papers, versus 149 the year before.

How many Foundation Model Adaptation papers are at ICML 2026?

ICML 2026 has 142 Foundation Model Adaptation papers, versus 76 the year before.

How many Foundation Model Adaptation papers are at CVPR 2026?

CVPR 2026 has 91 Foundation Model Adaptation papers, versus 62 the year before.

Which conference publishes the most Foundation Model Adaptation papers?

NeurIPS, with 531 papers from 2023 to 2026.