Foundation Model Adaptation papers, 2023–2026

Key findings

• Foundation Model Adaptation went from 159 papers in 2023 to 602 in 2026, roughly 3.8x in three years.
• NeurIPS publishes the most Foundation Model Adaptation work: 531 papers from 2023 to 2026, 36% of the four-venue total.
• The fastest-growing overlap is with Deep learning · foundation models: papers tagged with both rose from 7 in 2023 to 66 in 2026.
• Among the 5 topics under Meta-Learning and Transfer, it ranks #1 by 2026 paper count; the fastest grower in the group, Continual Learning, is up 1.7x versus 3.8x here.

Representative papers

Spread across years and venues so every edition shows up

• NeurIPS 2026(Mis)generalization of Helpful-Only Fine-Tuning
• ICML 2026Active Learning with Foundation Model Priors: Efficient Learning under Class Imbalance
• ICLR 2026Benchmarking ECG Foundational Models: A Reality Check Across Clinical Tasks
• CVPR 2026CD-Buffer Complementary Dual-Buffer Framework for Test-Time Adaptation in Adverse Weather
• NeurIPS 2025An Investigation of Memorization Risk in Healthcare Foundation Models
• ICML 2025A Bayesian Model Selection Criterion for Selecting Pretraining Checkpoints
• ICLR 2025Better autoregressive regression with LLMs via regression-aware fine-tuning
• CVPR 20255%>100%: Breaking Performance Shackles of Full Fine-Tuning on Visual Recognition Tasks
• NeurIPS 2024Instruction Tuning Large Language Models to Understand Electronic Health Records
• ICML 2024By Tying Embeddings You Are Assuming the Distributional Hypothesis
• ICLR 2024A Hard-to-Beat Baseline for Training-free CLIP-based Adaptation
• CVPR 2024DePT: Decoupled Prompt Tuning
• NeurIPS 2023A Fast and Accurate Estimator for Large Scale Linear Model via Data Averaging
• ICML 2023Are Neurons Actually Collapsed? On the Fine-Grained Structure in Neural Representations
• ICLR 2023A Closer Look at Model Adaptation using Feature Distortion and Simplicity Bias
• CVPR 2023A-La-Carte Prompt Tuning (APT): Combining Distinct Data via Composable Prompting
• NeurIPS 2026A Graph Foundation Model for Unified Clustering
• ICML 2026AdaMeZO: Adam-style Zeroth-Order Optimizer for LLM Fine-tuning Without Maintaining the Moments
• ICLR 2026Bridging Radiology and Pathology Foundation Models via Concept-Based Multimodal Co-Adaptation
• CVPR 2026Fed-ADE Adaptive Learning Rate for Federated Post-adaptation under Distribution Shift

All Foundation Model Adaptation papers

70 papers, page 2 of 2

51. ICML 2024Prompting is a Double-Edged Sword: Improving Worst-Group Robustness of Foundation Models
52. ICML 2024Random Masking Finds Winning Tickets for Parameter Efficient Fine-tuning
53. ICML 2024Recovering the Pre-Fine-Tuning Weights of Generative Models
54. ICML 2024Reducing Fine-Tuning Memory Overhead by Approximate and Memory-Sharing Backpropagation
55. ICML 2024Revisiting the Power of Prompt for Visual Tuning
56. ICML 2024Riemannian Preconditioned LoRA for Fine-Tuning Foundation Models
57. ICML 2024Robust CLIP: Unsupervised Adversarial Fine-Tuning of Vision Embeddings for Robust Large Vision-Language Models
58. ICML 2024RoSA: Accurate Parameter-Efficient Fine-Tuning via Robust Adaptation
59. ICML 2024Safety Fine-Tuning at (Almost) No Cost: A Baseline for Vision Large Language Models
60. ICML 2024SAM-E: Leveraging Visual Foundation Model with Sequence Imitation for Embodied Manipulation
61. ICML 2024Selecting Large Language Model to Fine-tune via Rectified Scaling Law
62. ICML 2024Self-Play Fine-Tuning Converts Weak Language Models to Strong Language Models
63. ICML 2024Sparse is Enough in Fine-tuning Pre-trained Large Language Models
64. ICML 2024SPP: Sparsity-Preserved Parameter-Efficient Fine-Tuning for Large Language Models
65. ICML 2024SuDA: Support-based Domain Adaptation for Sim2Real Hinge Joint Tracking with Flexible Sensors
66. ICML 2024To Cool or not to Cool? Temperature Network Meets Large Foundation Models via DRO
67. ICML 2024Towards Causal Foundation Model: on Duality between Optimal Balancing and Attention
68. ICML 2024Transferring Knowledge From Large Foundation Models to Small Downstream Models
69. ICML 2024Unleashing the Power of Meta-tuning for Few-shot Generalization Through Sparse Interpolated Experts
70. ICML 2024Variance-reduced Zeroth-Order Methods for Fine-Tuning Language Models

FAQ

How many Foundation Model Adaptation papers were published at NeurIPS, ICLR, ICML and CVPR from 2023 to 2026?

1,492 in total: 159 in 2023, 270 in 2024, 461 in 2025, 602 in 2026.

How many Foundation Model Adaptation papers are at NeurIPS 2026?

NeurIPS 2026 has 182 Foundation Model Adaptation papers, versus 174 the year before.

How many Foundation Model Adaptation papers are at ICLR 2026?

ICLR 2026 has 187 Foundation Model Adaptation papers, versus 149 the year before.

How many Foundation Model Adaptation papers are at ICML 2026?

ICML 2026 has 142 Foundation Model Adaptation papers, versus 76 the year before.

How many Foundation Model Adaptation papers are at CVPR 2026?

CVPR 2026 has 91 Foundation Model Adaptation papers, versus 62 the year before.

Which conference publishes the most Foundation Model Adaptation papers?

NeurIPS, with 531 papers from 2023 to 2026.