Foundation Model Adaptation papers, 2023–2026

Key findings

• Foundation Model Adaptation went from 159 papers in 2023 to 602 in 2026, roughly 3.8x in three years.
• NeurIPS publishes the most Foundation Model Adaptation work: 531 papers from 2023 to 2026, 36% of the four-venue total.
• The fastest-growing overlap is with Deep learning · foundation models: papers tagged with both rose from 7 in 2023 to 66 in 2026.
• Among the 5 topics under Meta-Learning and Transfer, it ranks #1 by 2026 paper count; the fastest grower in the group, Continual Learning, is up 1.7x versus 3.8x here.

Representative papers

Spread across years and venues so every edition shows up

• NeurIPS 2026(Mis)generalization of Helpful-Only Fine-Tuning
• ICML 2026Active Learning with Foundation Model Priors: Efficient Learning under Class Imbalance
• ICLR 2026Benchmarking ECG Foundational Models: A Reality Check Across Clinical Tasks
• CVPR 2026CD-Buffer Complementary Dual-Buffer Framework for Test-Time Adaptation in Adverse Weather
• NeurIPS 2025An Investigation of Memorization Risk in Healthcare Foundation Models
• ICML 2025A Bayesian Model Selection Criterion for Selecting Pretraining Checkpoints
• ICLR 2025Better autoregressive regression with LLMs via regression-aware fine-tuning
• CVPR 20255%>100%: Breaking Performance Shackles of Full Fine-Tuning on Visual Recognition Tasks
• NeurIPS 2024Instruction Tuning Large Language Models to Understand Electronic Health Records
• ICML 2024By Tying Embeddings You Are Assuming the Distributional Hypothesis
• ICLR 2024A Hard-to-Beat Baseline for Training-free CLIP-based Adaptation
• CVPR 2024DePT: Decoupled Prompt Tuning
• NeurIPS 2023A Fast and Accurate Estimator for Large Scale Linear Model via Data Averaging
• ICML 2023Are Neurons Actually Collapsed? On the Fine-Grained Structure in Neural Representations
• ICLR 2023A Closer Look at Model Adaptation using Feature Distortion and Simplicity Bias
• CVPR 2023A-La-Carte Prompt Tuning (APT): Combining Distinct Data via Composable Prompting
• NeurIPS 2026A Graph Foundation Model for Unified Clustering
• ICML 2026AdaMeZO: Adam-style Zeroth-Order Optimizer for LLM Fine-tuning Without Maintaining the Moments
• ICLR 2026Bridging Radiology and Pathology Foundation Models via Concept-Based Multimodal Co-Adaptation
• CVPR 2026Fed-ADE Adaptive Learning Rate for Federated Post-adaptation under Distribution Shift

All Foundation Model Adaptation papers

602 papers, page 11 of 13

501. NeurIPS 2026HandXFM: Semantic-Structural Distillation for Hand Radiograph Foundation Models
502. NeurIPS 2026High Performance Differentially Private Fine-Tuning using Dataset Distillation
503. NeurIPS 2026How Finite-Rank Bottleneck Shape the Low-Rank Adaptation Landscape
504. NeurIPS 2026How Much of a Model Do We Need? Redundancy and Slimmability in Remote Sensing Foundation Models
505. NeurIPS 2026Hybrid-LoRA: Bridging Full Fine-Tuning and Low-Rank Adaptation for Post-Training
506. NeurIPS 2026Hyperbolic Displacement-Constrained Adaptation for CLIP-Based Class-Incremental Learning
507. NeurIPS 2026ImmuVis: Hyperconvolutional Foundation Models for Imaging Mass Cytometry
508. NeurIPS 2026Inertia-1: An Open Exploration of Wearable Motion Foundation Models
509. NeurIPS 2026IRIS: Interpolative Rényi Iterative Self-play for Large Language Model Fine-Tuning
510. NeurIPS 2026Kairos: Toward Adaptive and Parameter-Efficient Time Series Foundation Models
511. NeurIPS 2026Language-Induced Priors for Domain Adaptation
512. NeurIPS 2026Latent Riemannian Flow Matching for Geometry-Grounded 3D Foundation Models
513. NeurIPS 2026LEAN: Library-Based Adaptation for Asynchronous, Federated Fine-Tuning
514. NeurIPS 2026Learning Rate Matters: Vanilla LoRA May Suffice for LLM Fine-tuning
515. NeurIPS 2026Lift, See, Act: Hierarchical Robot Policy Pretraining with 3D Foundation Models
516. NeurIPS 2026LOFT: Low-Rank Orthogonal Fine-Tuning via Task-Aware Support Selection
517. NeurIPS 2026Mask-Conditioned Gradient Masking for Fine-Tuning Mixture-of-Experts Diffusion Language Models
518. NeurIPS 2026MICE: Multi-animal Interaction Context Encoder — A Hierarchical Foundation Model for Mouse Behavior
519. NeurIPS 2026Monroe: A Molecular Foundation Model for In-context Probabilistic Inference
520. NeurIPS 2026Multimodal Foundation Agents Should Use Brain Data as Privileged Supervision
521. NeurIPS 2026Multimodal LLMs Outperform Pathology Foundation Models in Cross-Domain Histological Similarity
522. NeurIPS 2026NADS: Navigator-Guided Data Selection for Mitigating Catastrophic Forgetting in Fine-Tuning
523. NeurIPS 2026Neuro-KE: Knowledge-Guided Interfaces for Semantically Grounded EEG Foundation Models
524. NeurIPS 2026NeuroAtlas: Benchmarking Foundation Models for Clinical EEG and Brain-Computer Interfaces
525. NeurIPS 2026NeuroNTP - A Generalizable Multimodal Foundation Model for Epilepsy
526. NeurIPS 2026No One Knows the State-of-the-Art in Geospatial Foundation Models
527. NeurIPS 2026Nüwa.RNA: An RNA Foundation Model for Unified Representation with Deep Structure Infusion
528. NeurIPS 2026OATS: Online Data Augmentation for Time Series Foundation Models
529. NeurIPS 2026On the Design Space of Discrete Diffusion Online Adaptation for Molecular Optimization
530. NeurIPS 2026One Adapter For All: Towards Generalizable Many-To-One Domain Adaptation In Heterogeneous Collaborative Perception
531. NeurIPS 2026One Algorithm, Two Goals: Dual Scoring for Parameter and Data Selection in LLM Fine-Tuning
532. NeurIPS 2026One Language-Free Foundation Model Is Enough for Universal Vision Anomaly Detection
533. NeurIPS 2026One Loss to Rule Them All: Marked Time-to-Event for Structured EHR Foundation Models
534. NeurIPS 2026Online Change-point Detection using Foundation Probabilistic Forecasting Models
535. NeurIPS 2026OpenMHC: Accelerating the Science of Wearable Foundation Models
536. NeurIPS 2026Optimistic Q-value Adaptation for Offline-to-Online Reinforcement Learning
537. NeurIPS 2026OrbitLoRA: Learning Rotation-Aware Low-Data Adaptation of Vision Foundation Models
538. NeurIPS 2026PACZero: PAC-Private Fine-Tuning of Language Models via Sign Quantization
539. NeurIPS 2026Pan-FM: A Pan-Organ Foundation Model with Saliency-Guided Masking for Missing Robustness
540. NeurIPS 2026Personalized Safety in Federated Fine-Tuning of Large Language Models
541. NeurIPS 2026Position: The Road to Generalizable Neuro-Symbolic Learning Should be Paved with Foundation Models
542. NeurIPS 2026Pretraining Curricula Enable Selective Fine-tuning
543. NeurIPS 2026PriFT: Prior-Support Guided Token Reweighting for Supervised Fine-Tuning
544. NeurIPS 2026PriorVLA: Prior-Preserving Adaptation for Vision-Language-Action Models
545. NeurIPS 2026PRISM: Principal Subspace Alignment for Parameter-Efficient Fine-Tuning
546. NeurIPS 2026PROLA: Principal-Orthogonal Low-rank Adaptation for Predictive Spatiotemporal Weather Downscaling
547. NeurIPS 2026ProMo3D: Probing Motion Cues in Frozen 3D Foundation Models
548. NeurIPS 2026Prysma: Efficient Modality Adaptation for SLO-aware LLM-based Video Question Answering
549. NeurIPS 2026RAD-TFM: Robust and Domain-Adapted Tabular Foundation Models
550. NeurIPS 2026RadOmni: Advancing Foundation Model for Non-contrast CT with Omni Radiology Knowledge

FAQ

How many Foundation Model Adaptation papers were published at NeurIPS, ICLR, ICML and CVPR from 2023 to 2026?

1,492 in total: 159 in 2023, 270 in 2024, 461 in 2025, 602 in 2026.

How many Foundation Model Adaptation papers are at NeurIPS 2026?

NeurIPS 2026 has 182 Foundation Model Adaptation papers, versus 174 the year before.

How many Foundation Model Adaptation papers are at ICLR 2026?

ICLR 2026 has 187 Foundation Model Adaptation papers, versus 149 the year before.

How many Foundation Model Adaptation papers are at ICML 2026?

ICML 2026 has 142 Foundation Model Adaptation papers, versus 76 the year before.

How many Foundation Model Adaptation papers are at CVPR 2026?

CVPR 2026 has 91 Foundation Model Adaptation papers, versus 62 the year before.

Which conference publishes the most Foundation Model Adaptation papers?

NeurIPS, with 531 papers from 2023 to 2026.