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Search papers from 30+ top conferences, including NeurIPS, ICLR, ICML, CVPR, ACL and AAAI. Filter by keyword, then open any paper for its abstract, authors and links.

arXiv

DiCoR: Decoupled Referent Disambiguation and Contour Recalibration for Efficient Referring Remote Sensing Image Segmentation

Ziyang Gao, Zhizhuo Jiang, Jingjing Chang, Yixin Yang, Yuwen Pan, Yong-Qiang Mao, Yu Liu, Hai-Bao Chen

Referring remote sensing image segmentation (RRSIS) aims to delineate targets specified by natural language expressions in remote sensing imagery. Existing methods mainly follow joint fusion segmentation (JFS) or decoupled prompt segmentation (DPS). JFS is efficient but often suffers from limited accuracy because referent localization and mask delineation are optimized under a unified objective, whereas DPS separates localization from mask generation using spatial prompts and foundation segmenters at the cost of higher memory consumption and inference latency. To bridge this gap, we propose DiCoR, a decoupled referent disambiguation and contour recalibration framework built on an efficient JFS pipeline. DiCoR addresses two key challenges: distinguishing the correct referent from ambiguous candidates and refining coarse masks after localization. A disambiguation-aware localization guidance strategy ranks salient candidate regions with adaptive linguistic cues and injects the resulting localization prior into fused features. A lightweight contour recalibration module further predicts residual corrections to coarse logits under localized contour supervision, improving mask quality with limited computational overhead. Experiments on RefSegRS, RRSIS-D, and RISBench show that DiCoR achieves the best segmentation accuracy across all three benchmarks. On RefSegRS, it improves mIoU and gIoU by 5.28% and 2.87% over a competitive JFS method while running 4.7% faster than a representative DPS method, demonstrating a favorable accuracy-efficiency trade-off. Code is available at https://github.com/zyGao1126/DiCoR.

arXiv

Bias Mitigation in Face Recognition via Demographic-based Supervised Contrastive Learning

Yu Linghu, Salman Mohammad, Xinyi Zhang, Manuel Günther

Face recognition systems have been shown to be biased toward certain demographic groups by exhibiting different error rates across gender, age, or ethnicity. Though the imbalance of the training data with respect to these demographics is one cause of this bias, training on artificially balanced groups does not completely mitigate the problem. For deployment, face recognition typically works at operating points allowing very low false match rates and, hence, on the tail of the non-match score distribution. While class balancing can improve the means of these distributions, the aim of our approach is to improve fairness by addressing the behavior in the tail. Particularly, we propose the Demographic-based Supervised Contrastive loss (DeSCon) for face recognition, which relies on a well-designed composition of training batches and demographic-aware pair selection. Our experimental evaluation on both demographically-labeled datasets and standard verification benchmarks shows that DeSCon can improve fairness beyond balancing training datasets while maintaining competitive verification performance. Source code is available upon request.

arXiv

A Deep RL based Framework for Targeted White Matter Tractography

Ankita Joshi

Fiber tractography's ability to reconstruct the brain's structural pathways, has made it a crucial component of modern neuroimaging, enabling detailed, non-invasive mapping of structural connectivity and supporting a wide range of neurological research and clinical applications. However, despite its importance, tractography remains a challenging task due to the inherent complexity of white matter structure and its susceptibility to false positives, which can lead to the misrepresentation of critical pathways. To overcome these limitations, in this thesis, we propose a hybrid framework that integrates reinforcement learning with supervised learning for refining RL policies, specifically tailored for tract-specific tractography. Notably, our framework does not rely on ground-truth fibers for training. Moreover, the tract-specific formulation bypasses the need for an explicit segmentation process, simplifying the overall pipeline. Our work includes two main contributions, each building upon the previous. First, we introduce a hybrid approach that combines reinforcement learning with supervised learning (specifically, GPT-based policy learning) to refine policies in a tract-specific context. Second, we propose a scalable framework for data-driven multi-policy fusion, which leverages the complementary strengths of multiple RL policies to improve tractography performance and robustness. We demonstrate the effectiveness of our framework through extensive validation on benchmark public datasets including TractoInferno, HCP, and ISMRM-2015, highlighting its ability to generalize across data sources and accurately reconstruct brain white matter tracts. We believe that these contributions represent significant advancements in the field of tractography, improving robustness, reliability, and accuracy while reducing dependence on ground-truth annotations.

arXiv

TennisVAR: A Stroke-Evidence-Grounded Multimodal Large Language Model for Tactical Reasoning in Tennis Videos

Yifan Mei, Qingling Shi, Changli Wu, Jiayuan Rao, Jiayi Ji, Liujuan Cao

Sports-video understanding is moving beyond event recognition toward explaining how actions collectively shape match progression, however, existing tennis-video methods either perceive individual strokes without modeling their tactical dependencies or generate high-level analyses without grounding them in the underlying events. To bridge this perception-to-understanding gap, we formulate stroke-evidence-grounded tactical reasoning, a new rally-level task that requires models to jointly predict an open-ended answer, a hierarchical tactic label, an ordered sequence of supporting strokes, and decisive key actions, with each evidence stroke anchored to its racket-ball contact frame. We further introduce TRACE (Tactical Reasoning with Action-Chain Evidence in Tennis), a large-scale expert-annotated benchmark containing 11,189 rally videos, 41,485 stroke events, 25,429 tactical units, and 11,189 question-answer pairs, which unifies fine-grained stroke attributes, cross-stroke tactical relations, hierarchical tactic annotations, and evidence-grounded questions across factual perception, tactical understanding, and decision reasoning. Building on TRACE, we propose TennisVAR (Tennis Video Action-chain Reasoner), an evidence-grounded multimodal large language model that follows an "event-relation-evidence-tactic" reasoning paradigm, where an Event Parsing Module converts continuous rallies into explicit stroke-event sequences while a Tactical Graph-Guided Temporal Reasoner jointly models rally progression and same-player decision dependencies to identify question-relevant evidence and decisive actions.

arXiv

Beyond Visual Evidence: Revealing and Mitigating Relational Privacy Leakage in Document MLLMs

Beining Xu, Hairui Wang, Jiaxin Wang, Changsheng Chen, Anirban Chakraborty

While the privacy risks of multimodal large language models (MLLMs) have drawn significant attention, the unique vulnerabilities of domain-specific MLLMs remain largely underexplored. Focusing on document understanding MLLMs for identity document processing, this paper investigates the privacy issues inherent in Key Information Extraction (KIE) tasks. We reveal that when input images lack sufficient visual evidence, these models often rely on memorized field relations from training data to infer missing content, thereby leaking multiple correlated fields containing sensitive personal information. To mitigate this risk, we make three key contributions.First, we propose the Dynamic Relational Unlearning Framework (DRUF) which comprises a Relational Decoupling Unlearning (RDU) module and a dynamic set update mechanism. It suppresses the leakage of high-risk field pairs while preserving KIE performance.Second, we introduce DocPrivacyBench, a novel benchmark to systematically evaluate a model's susceptibility to privacy leakage under conditions of absent or minimal visual evidence.Third, we evaluate three MLLMs and six unlearning methods using this benchmark, assessing both post-unlearning leakage suppression and utility preservation.Our results demonstrate that existing MLLMs consistently exhibit privacy leakage when visual evidence is scarce, particularly on noisier datasets. In contrast, DRUF outperforms the strongest baseline by improving leakage suppression by 4.8 percentage points, effectively mitigating privacy risks while maintaining robust document information extraction performance.

arXiv

HounsWorld: A Multimodal World Model for Hidden Patient-State Readout, Reconstruction, and Simulation

Yunhao Bai, Zhongwei Qiu, Guangyu Guo, Yiming Huang, Tony C. W. Mok, Qinji Yu, Ling Zhang, Yan Wang

Clinical intelligence requires estimating a patient's underlying condition from incomplete observations rather than learning isolated mappings from scans to answers. Volumetric medical images provide dense observations of anatomy, attenuation, and lesions, whereas clinical language provides sparse but complementary semantic observations. We formulate CT-centered intelligence as inference over a shared latent patient state, under which readout, reconstruction, and simulation all become state-dependent prediction problems. To operationalize this view, we introduce HounsBench, a computed tomography (CT) centric patient-state benchmark that unifies these three task families with patient-disjoint splits and per-family metrics, and HounsWorld, a 3B multimodal world model that treats volumetric scans and language as observations of the shared state through Joint Understanding-Generation Learning. A shared transformer forms an implicit patient-state estimate and supports three outputs: query-conditioned answers that read out the state, reports and captions that reconstruct it in language, and condition-specific CT volumes for low-dose denoising, virtual contrast enhancement, and anatomy-constrained text-and-mask-to-volume generation. Zero-initialized CT adapters preserve pretrained multimodal mappings, while condition-explicit Hounsfield-unit window sampling exposes clinically meaningful density observations. HounsWorld shows strong performance across all three task families while consistently improving CT understanding through clinically structured completion. Our project is available at https://github.com/byhwhite/HounsWorld.git

arXiv

SPARED: Reasoning-Based AI-Generated Image Detection via Adversarially Edited Data

Yicheng Bao, Xiahui Guo, Xuhong Wang, Xin Tan

Detecting AI-generated images is only half the task: a deployed detector must also justify its verdict, yet existing detectors inherit three failure modes from their training data: real and fake images collected from different sources invite provenance shortcuts, supervised explanation corpora teach templated rationales, and a static forgery corpus leaves the decision boundary standing still while generators keep moving. We introduce \methodname{}, an adversarial reinforcement learning framework that pits two heterogeneous models against each other. A diffusion image editor learns to edit real photographs into fake counterparts of those same photographs that fool the current detector, while a reasoning MLLM learns to expose them with a verdict grounded in free-form reasoning. Both rewards are shortcut-proof by design: the attacker is credited only when its edit is faithfully executed, and the defender only when its verdict is correct. As the two models alternate, each round's attacker regenerates a harder training pool aimed at the current detector's blind spots, so the detector must generalize rather than memorize any fixed artifact distribution. Although the explanation is never rewarded, its quality rises round over round as a side effect of accuracy-only training. A detector trained within this loop improves monotonically across rounds on each of three external benchmarks.

arXiv

Heterogeneous Vision-Language Ensemble with Disagreement-Aware Reranking for Text-Based Person Anomaly Retrieval

Huu-An Vu, Cam Tu Tran Thi, Thanh Toan Le Ngo, Hoang Vo, Do Trung Hieu, Hieu Dinh Trung Pham, Khang Minh Le, Huy Minh Nhat Nguyen

Text-based person anomaly retrieval aims to retrieve pedestrians exhibiting anomalous behaviors from a large image gallery using natural language descriptions. Compared with conventional text-based person retrieval, this task requires fine-grained reasoning over pedestrian appearance, behaviors, object interactions, and scene context, making robust cross-modal matching significantly more challenging. This paper presents the GENAI4E team's solution to AI City Challenge 2026 Track 4. Our framework builds upon a strong retrieval backbone and progressively integrates heterogeneous vision-language embedding models through score alignment and iterative ensemble fusion, followed by disagreement-aware VLM reranking for ambiguous queries. On the official Pedestrian Anomaly Behavior (PAB) benchmark, our approach achieves 90.92% mAP, 85.13% Recall@1, 97.72% Recall@5, and 98.68% Recall@10, demonstrating the effectiveness of combining complementary vision-language representations with selective multimodal reasoning for large-scale text-based person anomaly retrieval.

arXiv

Semantic Steering for Controllable Generation: Tuning-Free Concept Erasure in Multimodal Diffusion Transformers

Qiao Li, Xiaomeng Fu, Yuanshu Zhao, Qipeng Wang, Jiao Dai, Jizhong Han

Multimodal Diffusion Transformers (MM-DiTs) have demonstrated remarkable text-to-image generation performance, surpassing traditional U-Net-based diffusion models. Nevertheless, their powerful generative capabilities also raise significant safety concerns, as they may generate sensitive or inappropriate content. While existing concept erasure methods aim to mitigate such risks, most require modifying model parameters, which are often architecture-specific and impractical for deployed larger models. Several tuning-free approaches face challenges when applied to advanced large-scale MM-DiTs due to their deeply embedded knowledge, broad semantic space, and context-dependent text encoders. To address these challenges, we propose to erase concepts by directly manipulating the model's internal representations. Our key insight, derived from an in-depth analysis of MM-DiT's block-wise generative roles, is that text-conditioned semantic representations are most salient in the middle blocks of MM-DiTs. Based on this, we extract representations of an unwanted concept and a desirable safe one from the middle block, construct a steering vector from their difference, and inject this single vector into consecutive early and middle blocks. By operating exclusively on the sparse text-branch tokens and leveraging the straight sampling trajectory of rectified flow, our method achieves effective concept erasure with negligible overhead and without any training. Extensive experiments across MM-DiT models demonstrate that our method achieves state-of-the-art performance in erasing diverse concepts, enables effective control over the final output, and remains robust to adversarial attacks.

arXiv

Validation of Smartphone-Based Photogrammetric 3D Body Scanning for Automated Anthropometric Measurements Compared with a Commercial Depth-Sensor-Based Body Scanner

Ruting Cheng, BOYUAN FENG, Chuhui Qiu, Joaquin A. Calderon, Qing Pan, Yufan Liu, James K. Hahn

3D body scanning has become an important tool in healthcare applications because of its rapid and non-invasive nature. While smartphone-based photogrammetric reconstruction provide a low-cost and accessible alternative to commercial 3D body scanners, their performance for whole-body scanning remains insufficiently validated. Thus, we designed this study to comprehensively validate the photogrammetric 3D scanning application by evaluating automatically extracted whole-body measurements and longitudinal body-shape monitoring. We evaluated a representative application, PolyCam, against the commercial depth-sensor-based Fit3D ProScanner using 144 pregnant participants scanned longitudinally throughout pregnancy. We designed an automatic circumference extraction pipeline to get measurements at four anatomical landmarks from paired 3D scans. A linear mixed-effects model was used to evaluate scanner effects and longitudinal body-shape changes. Measurement consistency was assessed using repeated PolyCam scans and tape measurements on a rigid mannequin. PolyCam demonstrated strong agreement with Fit3D, with average biases below 16 mm, intraclass correlation coefficients above 0.8, and Pearson correlation coefficients above 0.9 across all landmarks. Both systems captured comparable longitudinal body-shape changes. Mannequin experiments showed mean biases below 3.5 mm and no significant differences from tape measurements. These findings support smartphone photogrammetry as a potential accessible alternative to commercial body scanners and applicable for longitudinal 3D body-shape assessment.

arXiv

LocusGS: Spatially Grounded Tokens for Feed-Forward 3D Gaussian Splatting

Wenyu Li, Sidun Liu, Tongrui Hu, Peng Qiao, Yong Dou

Recent query-based feed-forward 3DGS methods represent a scene using learnable queries, each aggregating multi-view evidence and decoding a group of Gaussians. Ideally, different queries should specialize in coherent local regions of the scene. However, we observe that Gaussians decoded from the same query often scatter across distant scene regions, resulting in weak query-level spatial coherence and poor alignment with the scene structure. We attribute this behavior to the purely latent representation of existing Gaussian queries. To address this limitation, we introduce LocusGS, which augments each Gaussian query with a 3D anchor state consisting of a center and a support radius. The anchor state is progressively refined across decoder layers and is used throughout query interaction, multi-view feature aggregation, and Gaussian generation. Specifically, an anchor-to-ray geometric bias guides each query toward spatially relevant image observations, while anchor-centered decoding organizes its Gaussians within a local region. Experiments on novel view synthesis benchmarks show that LocusGS improves rendering quality over query-based Gaussian token baselines under the same Gaussian budget. Further analysis shows that the learned anchors form coherent spatial layouts and lead to more structured Gaussian distributions, demonstrating that explicit anchor states improve the spatial organization. Our project page: https://leo-frank.github.io/LocusGS_viewer.

arXiv

Structured Local Differential Modeling for AI-Generated Image Detection

Jiazhen Yang, Ruijin Jin, Junjun Zheng, Xiangheng Kong, Zunlei Feng, Jie Lei

The rapid advancement of AI-generated content has made the reliable detection of generated images an increasingly critical challenge. Existing detection methods are often dominated during training by semantically salient components with high signal-to-noise ratios (SNRs), thereby suppressing subtler forensic cues associated with the underlying generation mechanisms and embedded in low-level statistical structures. From an information-theoretic perspective, we present a key insight: effective detection in the low-level statistical space requires mitigating the dominance of semantic components while emphasizing and amplifying responses to low-SNR forgery traces. Building on this insight, we propose RippleNet, an AI-generated image detection framework based on local differential signals. RippleNet adaptively identifies forgery-sensitive regions and constructs multi-directional, multi-scale differential representations within local neighborhoods, explicitly characterizing anomalous patterns in neighborhood statistics. More importantly, we refine the attention mechanism to operate within the local differential representation space, enabling the model to establish explicit dependencies at a finer statistical granularity. This design facilitates the capture of pixel-level forgery traces that are difficult to model using conventional convolutions or image-wide patch-level attention. Extensive experiments on multiple public benchmarks and under cross-generator evaluation settings demonstrate that RippleNet achieves consistently competitive performance.

arXiv

Erase but Preserve: Controllable Removal of Copyrighted Animation Characters via Optimized Semantic Anchors

Qiao Li, Xiaomeng Fu, Wangjia Yu, Runze He, Baisen Wang, Jiao Dai, Jizhong Han

The exceptional generation capabilities of text-to-image diffusion models have raised copyright concerns, particularly the unauthorized reproduction of animation characters. Existing concept erasure methods fall short for animation character erasure: model modification methods struggle to identify suitable anchors for diverse, highly distinctive characters; prompt-based steering methods lack fine-grained control for precise intervention. These approaches often yield incomplete erasure and degraded image fidelity, hindering real-world deployment. In this paper, we propose a controllable method operating on the model's continuous textual representation to erase target characters during generation. We optimizes an anchor embedding via structural and detailed constraints to serve as a character surrogate, then replaces target-related embeddings with the anchor via a structure-aware adaptive strategy. Experiments show that our method achieves state-of-the-art erasure effectiveness and image fidelity preservation, while supporting controllable erasure degree, multi-target removal, and model transferability. Moreover, our optimized anchors are plug-and-play with current model modification baselines to improve their erasure performance.

arXiv

SCOPE: Subspace Clustering with Online Per-Head Top-K Estimation for Sparse Video Attention

Qi Zhao, Qirui Li, Hanlin Tang, Yiduo Li, Zhen Guo, Cuifeng Shen, Chao Xu, Zhaosheng Chi, Xiaojin Lu, Kan Liu, Tao Lan, Lin Qu, Xi Li

Diffusion Transformers (DiTs) incur quadratic self-attention cost over spatiotemporal tokens. Existing training-free sparse attention methods often construct sparse masks from block-level or cluster-level proxy scores, which can obscure fine-grained differences among keys and miss high contribution keys under aggressive sparsity. Moreover, such proxy scores may yield overly concentrated softmax distributions, causing Top-$p$ to retain too few keys for some query clusters. Although a fixed Top-$k$ minimum alleviates this failure mode, a shared value cannot adapt to variations across heads and inputs. To address both limitations, we propose SCOPE, a training-free sparse attention framework that combines 3D-RoPE-aligned key subspace clustering with online per-head Top-$k$ estimation for efficient video-DiT inference. SCOPE partitions post-RoPE keys into temporal, height, and width subspaces, clusters them independently, and aggregates the corresponding centroid scores through lookup tables to obtain per key proxy scores for each query cluster. Building on existing hybrid Top-$p$/fixed Top-$k$ selection, SCOPE derives a head-specific Top-$k$ value online by averaging the initial retained key counts within each head, weighted by query cluster size, and selects additional keys only for query clusters whose initial retained key counts fall below this value. Sparse attention is then computed over the selected original keys and values. Across six model--task configurations, SCOPE consistently outperforms existing training-free baselines in both fidelity and latency, achieving up to a $1.99\times$ end-to-end speedup on 720p HunyuanVideo with $28.46$ dB PSNR relative to dense attention.

arXiv

CW-BASS v2: Saturation-Aware Pseudo-Label Selection for Semi-Supervised Segmentation under Foundation-Model Teachers

Ebenezer Tarubinga

Semi-supervised semantic segmentation has long turned on one question, which pseudo-labels to trust, and a generation of selection rules, dynamic thresholds, per-class curricula, soft confidence weights, answered it for the noisy, under-confident ResNet teachers of their day. Self-supervised foundation encoders change the regime: with a DINOv2 teacher, confidence saturates, so the filtering that helped a weak teacher can hurt a strong one. We propose CW-BASS v2, a saturation-aware pseudo-label selection method that reads the teacher's confidence regime rather than committing to one rule. It pairs held-out calibration, an unbiased per-class noise estimate, with a self-adaptive confidence floor that provably bounds retention away from 1, and combines them in a one-pass gate: measure the reliability of the teacher's confident set, pi_kept = Pr[correct | c >= tau], on a held-out slice, and filter strictly when it meets the confidence demanded (pi_kept >= tau), falling back to the adaptive floor otherwise. The boundary is the pre-existing operating threshold, not a value tuned to mIoU, and across six DINOv2 teachers it makes the correct strict-vs-floor call blind. CW-BASS v2 thus recovers the UniMatch V2 operating point on the saturated benchmarks by selecting strict (Pascal VOC 1/8 87.4 against its reported 87.9; Cityscapes within 0.5), and improves on it where the confident set is unreliable (pi_kept ~ 89%, ADE20K), where the floor edges ahead (+1.5 mIoU, single seed). The gate is principled because the failure it avoids is measured, not assumed: on a reliable, saturated teacher the confidence distribution's dynamic range collapses (98% of Pascal pixels >= 0.95), so an adaptive cutoff floods the retention mask and self-training decays into confirmation bias.

arXiv

PatchGen: Learning Soft Intra-Image Predictive Subsets for Visual Generalization

Zhaorui Tan, Weimiao Yu, Xi Yang

Visual classifiers are expected to generalize under data shifts, target shifts, and their combinations, yet most existing methods focus on domain invariance while failing to address intra-image predictive sufficiency. We investigate the structural hypothesis that each image contains a sample-adaptive oracle intra-image predictive subset sufficient for label prediction, while the remaining patches form non-essential complementary context that may correlate with the label. The theoretical analysis shows that restricting prediction to this oracle subset preserves the Bayes risk achievable by the full-patch representation while admitting a complexity bound that tightens with the oracle-subset size. Based on this view, we propose PatchGen, a text-free module that learns a sample-dependent soft predictive-subset mask as a task-driven proxy for the unobserved oracle subset mask. Specifically, histopathology visualizations suggest that PatchGen assigns higher scores to tumor-consistent regions than to some frequently co-occurring inflammatory context. Extensive experiments on natural and histopathological image benchmarks spanning all three shift settings show that PatchGen improves average performance over matched-backbone baselines in most evaluated configurations, enhances generalization to unknown classes, and remains competitive with vision-language methods without text supervision.

arXiv

Scaling Representation Diversity: Modulated Attention and Reconstructive Regularization for Visual Grounding

Junyi Hu, Tian Bai, Fengyi Wu, Yian Huang, Wei Wen, Zaoli Li, Junli Lin, Xingchen Li, Zhenming Peng, Yi Zhang

Referring Expression Comprehension (REC) is commonly studied under dataset-specific fine-tuning, resulting in specialist models with limited cross-dataset generalization. In this work, we revisit REC from the perspective of unified open-vocabulary grounding and identify representation degeneration as a key obstacle to scaling a single generalist model. To preserve representation diversity, we propose a holistic data-model co-design framework. Architecturally, we introduce the Modulated Attention-Contrastive Head (mACH) for efficient token-level vision-language alignment and a text-conditioned JEPA auxiliary stream that provides complementary gradient support to preserve alignment-active representations without inference overhead. On the data side, we introduce Objects365-Caption, enriching Objects365 with context-aware referring expressions for large-scale language supervision. We further provide a theoretical analysis showing that complementary gradient subspaces preserve alignment capacity and thereby scale representation diversity. Extensive experiments demonstrate that our single-checkpoint framework achieves highly competitive performance on standard REC benchmarks while exhibiting strong generalization across heterogeneous grounding datasets without benchmark-specific adaptation.

arXiv

Dual-Manifold Geometry Guided Representation Learning: Adaptive Coupling between Kernel and Data Spaces

Wencong Zhang, Yue Zhang, Meiyan Huang, Wei Yang, Qianjin Feng

Deep representation learning has primarily focused on how features evolve across network layers, while largely overlooking the structured geometry embedded in network parameters. We introduce a dual-manifold perspective in which each convolutional layer contains two coupled geometric spaces: a Kernel Manifold induced by convolutional filters and a Data Manifold characterized by intermediate feature representations. Because these manifolds share the same channel space, parameter geometry can provide complementary structural information to guide feature evolution. Based on this insight, we propose Kernel-Guided Feature Transform (KGFT), a lightweight module that derives a geometric guidance matrix from the kernel Gram matrix and uses it to transform the covariance structure of feature representations. Unlike conventional attention mechanisms that reweight feature responses, KGFT explicitly reshapes feature relationships by transferring geometric information from the kernel manifold to the data manifold. To accommodate network hierarchy, we further introduce Exploit and Explore modes with a depth-aware scheduling strategy and a learnable guidance strength that adaptively controls the contribution of geometric transformation. This design promotes geometric alignment in shallow layers while encouraging feature diversity in deeper layers, without imposing excessive constraints on representation learning. Theoretical analysis establishes the validity of the proposed transformation and characterizes its effect on feature covariance. Extensive experiments across CNN- and Transformer-based architectures, including ResNet, ViT, and LLaMA-7B, demonstrate consistent improvements on image classification and arithmetic reasoning tasks, validating the generality and effectiveness of kernel-guided dual-manifold representation learning. Code will be publicly available.

arXiv

A Generative Approach for Improving Multi-Label Defect Classification in Photovoltaic Modules

Abdul Mueez, Yogesh S Rawat, Shruti Vyas

This paper addresses the challenge of multi-label defect classification in electroluminescence (EL) images of photovoltaic (PV) cells. Training models on images where multiple defects co-occur creates learning ambiguity, making it difficult to disentangle visual features for specific defect types, a problem compounded by the scarcity of examples for individual classes. To tackle this, we introduce Generative Defect Isolation (GDI), utilizing the LaMa inpainting model with Fast Fourier Convolutions to remove selected defects and generate realistic, single-defect training samples. Extensive experiments on Vision Transformer (ViT-S, ViT-L) and EfficientNetV2-L architectures demonstrate that GDI significantly outperforms baselines. The performance gains are most pronounced in low-data scenarios; class-wise analysis shows substantial improvements, boosting the F1-Score for rare defect classes by up to 63.6%. Furthermore, GDI effectively resolves learning ambiguity from co-occurring defects, yielding a 26% reduction in such co-occurring classification errors. Our work establishes GDI as an effective method for maximizing the value of existing segmentation datasets and sets a new performance benchmark for multi-label classification in this domain.

arXiv

VOS-Agent: The 1st Place Solution for the 8th LSVOS Challenge (MOSEv2 Track)

Canyang Wu, Jinrong Zhang, Xusheng He, Ce Bian, Xianjing Han, Jianlong Wu

Complex video object segmentation requires robust target propagation under severe occlusion, disappearance and reappearance. Although SAM3 provides strong promptable mask propagation, a uniform inference path remains unreliable for tiny targets with insufficient visual evidence and semantic-dominated targets whose identities depend on explicit attributes. To this end, we present VOS-Agent, a collaborative framework that retains SAM3 as the shared dense segmentation module and conditionally activates specialized agents according to target characteristics. A Target Perception and Routing Agent assigns each sequence to a regular, tiny, or semantic-dominated route. Tiny targets are supported by a Visual Tracking Agent through confidence-aware box prompts, while semantic-dominated targets are handled by an MLLM-based Semantic Agent through description-guided localization and candidate verification. On the MOSEv2 test set, VOS-Agent achieves 69.82% on the official $\mathcal{J}\&\dot{\mathcal{F}}$ metric and ranks first in the MOSEv2 Track of the 8th LSVOS Challenge at ECCV 2026.

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