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Search papers from 30+ top conferences, including NeurIPS, ICLR, ICML, CVPR, ACL and AAAI. Filter by keyword, then open any paper for its abstract, authors and links.

IJCAI 2026

Coarse-to-Fine Domain Incremental Learning with Attentive Distillation for Mining Footprint Segmentation in Multispectral Imagery

Alif Tri Handoyo, Vincent C.S. Lee, Rizka Widyarini Purwanto, Alex M. Lechner, Deanna Kemp, Muhamad Risqi U. Saputra

Automatically mapping and segmenting global mining footprints using remote sensing and deep learning is critical for monitoring the socio-environmental risks and impacts of mining, yet its progress is hindered by the scarcity of fine-grained annotated data. Although large-scale datasets with coarse boundaries are widely available, leveraging them to improve fine-grained segmentation is challenging due to significant domain shift. To address this, we propose MineC2FNet, a coarse-to-fine domain incremental learning framework that exploits abundant coarse data to enhance fine-grained mining footprint segmentation. MineC2FNet adopts a teacher–student architecture with attentive distillation at both the feature and prediction levels, selectively transferring generalized knowledge from the coarse domain while enabling boundary refinement using limited fine-grained data (fine domain). We further introduce an expertly validated dataset of 219 images with precise boundary annotations across diverse geographies and commodities. Extensive experiments against state-of-the-art approaches, including domain adaptation and domain incremental learning methods, demonstrate that MineC2FNet achieves superior performance while effectively handling domain shift. The dataset and code are publicly available at https://github.com/risqiutama/MineC2FNet.

IJCAI 2026

ArogyaSutra: A Multi-Agent Framework for Multimodal Medical Reasoning in Indic Languages

Tanmoy Kanti Halder, Akash Ghosh, Subhadip Baidya, Arijit Roy, Sriparna Saha

Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) have shown promising reasoning capabilities in general domains, yet their performance remains limited in specialized settings such as healthcare, especially in multilingual and low-resource scenarios. This gap is critical in regions like rural India, where patients often express complex medical queries in native Indic languages and rely on multimodal inputs such as medical images. Existing English-centric MLLMs struggle to support such use cases, limiting equitable access to AI-driven healthcare assistance. To address this challenge, we introduce ArogyaBodha, a large-scale multilingual multimodal medical question--answer dataset constructed from eight heterogeneous sources, covering 31 body systems, six imaging modalities, and 21 clinical domains across English and seven major Indian languages. We further propose ArogyaSutra, an actor--critic-based multi-agent framework that integrates tool grounding with dual-memory mechanisms for step-wise, reasoning-aware decision making, and uses stored actor--critic simulation trajectories for distillation. Experiments show that our dataset and framework improve multilingual medical reasoning accuracy across all Indic languages, with ablations validating the contribution of each component. The source code and dataset are available at: https://iitp-cse.github.io/ArogyaSutra/

IJCAI 2026

Scalable Mapping of Tree Traits to Study the Dynamics of Protected Forest Areas in India

Dhruvi Goyal, Aaditeshwar Seth

Monitoring forest functional diversity is essential to understand ecosystem resilience in the face of rapid environmental change. While existing remote sensing approaches primarily track structural attributes such as canopy density and tree height, functional traits like leaf phenology (evergreen vs. deciduous) and leaf type (broadleaf vs. needleleaf) reveal more direct information about adaptive strategies of tree species. This study presents a scalable machine learning framework for mapping these traits across India at 10 m resolution using Google AlphaEarth Foundations (AEF) embeddings, which capture the complete annual spectral reflectance and radar signatures of the land surface. A key contribution we make is to curate an ML-ready training dataset by combining tree traits information with tree species occurrence data, and to obtain a diverse sample from this data based on spectral time-series to ensure the dataset captures a wide range of phenological dynamics. We then build cross-validation folds to specifically test for spatial generalizability across different eco-regions in India and temporal generalizability across different years, for classifiers learned from the data. Multiple classifiers are evaluated: Random Forest models trained on AEF embedding features achieved the best performance for both classification tasks, outperforming models trained on conventional Sentinel-1 and Sentinel-2 time series while offering seamless deployment in Google Earth Engine. Compared to publicly available land-cover products that encode leaf phenology and leaf type, our model yields significantly higher accuracy while providing outputs at substantially finer spatial resolution. We then observe the outputs of our model over several protected forest areas in India to understand their dynamics over the last 8 years. Our contribution is an analysis-ready open dataset to learn tree traits from remote sensed spectral data, a trained model that is spatially and temporally generalizable, and a demonstration of the insights the model can provide to understand the dynamics of protected forest areas, all of which can be replicated in other areas.

IJCAI 2026

FACET: Multi-Agent AI Supporting Teachers in Scaling Differentiated Learning for Diverse Students

Jana Gonnermann-Müller, Jennifer Haase, Nicolas Leins, Moritz Igel, Konstantin Fackeldey, Sebastian Pokutta

Classrooms are increasingly heterogeneous, with learners varying in performance, motivation, language proficiencies, and learning differences such as dyslexia and ADHD. While teachers recognize the need for differentiated instruction, growing workloads make it an ideal that is often unrealized in practice. Current AI educational tools are predominantly student-facing and performance-centric, ignoring other aspects that shape learning outcomes. We introduce Facet, a teacher-facing multi-agent framework that supports differentiation across motivation, performance, and learning differences. Developed with educational stakeholders from the outset, the framework coordinates four specialized agents, including learner simulation, diagnostic assessment, material generation, and evaluation within a teacher-in-the-loop design. School principals (N = 30) shaped system requirements through participatory workshops, while in-service K–12 teachers (N = 70) evaluated material quality. Mixed-methods evaluation demonstrates strong perceived value for inclusive differentiation. Practitioners emphasized both the urgent need arising from classroom heterogeneity and the importance of maintaining pedagogical autonomy as a prerequisite for adoption. We discuss implications for future school deployment and outline partnerships for longitudinal classroom implementation.

IJCAI 2026

HighFM: Towards a Foundation Model for Learning Representations from High-Frequency Earth Observation Data

Stella Girtsou, Konstantinos Alexis, Giorgos Giannopoulos, Charalambos Kontoes

The increasing frequency and severity of climate-related disasters have intensified the need for real-time monitoring, early warning, and informed decision-making. Earth Observation (EO), powered by satellite data and Machine Learning (ML), offers powerful tools to meet these challenges. Foundation Models (FMs) have revolutionized EO ML by enabling general-purpose pretraining on large-scale remote sensing datasets. However most existing models rely on high-resolution satellite imagery with low revisit rates, limiting their suitability for fast-evolving phenomena and time-critical emergency response. In this work, we present HighFM, a first cut approach towards a FM for high-temporal-resolution, multispectral EO data. Leveraging over 2 TB of SEVIRI imagery from the Meteosat Second Generation (MSG) platform, we adapt the SatMAE masked autoencoding framework to learn robust spatiotemporal representations. To support real-time monitoring, we enhance the original architecture with fine-grained temporal encodings to capture short-term variability. The pretrained models are then fine-tuned on cloud masking and active fire detection tasks. We benchmark our SEVIRI-pretrained Vision Transformers against traditional baselines and recent geospatial FMs, demonstrating consistent gains across both balanced accuracy and IoU metrics. Our results highlight the potential of temporally dense geostationary data for real-time EO, offering a scalable path toward foundation models for disaster detection and tracking.

IJCAI 2026

PhyTTA: Physics-Informed Test-Time Adaptation of Foundation Models for Regional Drought Prediction

Wentao Gao, Jiuyong Li, Lin Liu, Thuc Duy Le, Jixue Liu, Yun Chen, Yanchang Zhao

Drought prediction is crucial for disaster mitigation, yet it remains challenging because regional droughts reflect nonlinear interactions among precipitation supply, evaporative demand, and slowly varying land atmosphere states. Although time series foundation models (TSFMs) have shown strong zero shot performance in general forecasting tasks, they can exhibit systematic sensitivity mismatch in the prediction of regional precipitation and temperature anomalies in the Standardized Precipitation Evapotranspiration Index (SPEI). We introduce PhyTTA, a physics informed test time adaptation framework that keeps the TSFM backbone frozen and corrects the predictable part of its one step residual through three components: a dynamic forcing correction, a static tracker of slowly varying background bias, and a conditional confidence gate that applies the correction only in supported regimes. Our analysis shows that, when frozen model residuals contain a component predictable from local forcing changes or slowly varying background bias, correcting this component reduces expected squared error in the population setting. PhyTTA implements this principle through a conservative online ridge EMA correction with regime support gating. Across four foundation backbones on three South Australian locations and TimesFM on three cross regional regions, PhyTTA reduces MSE by up to 19.78%. With the TimesFM backbone it gives consistent 12.3% to 15.1% MSE reductions across the three South Australian locations.

IJCAI 2026

SMaRT: Online Reusable Resource Assignment and an Application to Mediation in the Kenyan Judiciary

Shafkat Farabi, Didac Marti Pinto, Wei Lu, Manuel Ramos-Maqueda, Sanmay Das, Antoine Deeb, Anja Sautmann

Motivated by the problem of assigning mediators to cases in the Kenyan judicial system, we study an online resource allocation problem where incoming tasks (cases) must be immediately assigned to available, capacity-constrained resources (mediators). The resources differ in their quality, which may need to be learned. In addition, resources can only be assigned to a subset of tasks that overlaps to varying degrees with the subset of tasks other resources can be assigned to. The objective is to maximize task completion while satisfying soft capacity constraints across all the resources. The scale of the real-world problem poses substantial challenges, since there are over 2000 mediators, and a multitude of combinations of geographic locations (87) and case types (12) that each mediator is qualified to work on. Together, these features—unknown quality of new resources (newly onboarded mediators), soft capacity constraints (due to the mandate to assign cases without delay), and high-dimensional state space—make existing scheduling and resource allocation algorithms either inapplicable or inefficient. We formalize the problem in a tractable manner, using a quadratic program formulation for assignment and a multi-agent bandit style framework for learning. We demonstrate the key properties and advantages of our new algorithm, SMaRT (Selecting Mediators that are Right for the Task), compared with baselines on some stylized instances of the mediator allocation problem. We then turn to considering its application to real-world data on cases and mediators from the Kenyan Judiciary. SMaRT outperforms baselines and allows for controlling the tradeoff between the strictness of the capacity constraints and overall case resolution rates, both in situations where mediator quality is known beforehand and when the problem is bandit-like in that learning is part of the problem definition. On the strength of these results, we plan to conduct a randomized controlled trial in which we deploy SMaRT in the Judiciary's mediation management system.

IJCAI 2026

CHAM-net: A Contrastive Hierarchical Adaptive Meta-network for Robust Global Methane Flux Prediction

Rongchao Dong, Yiming Sun, Shuo Chen, Youmi Oh, Licheng Liu, Yiqun Xie, Xiaowei Jia

Methane is a potent greenhouse gas that significantly contributes to global warming. However, accurately estimating global methane emissions and consumption remains challenging due to the complex interactions among environmental drivers that may vary across spatial and temporal scales. Prior data-driven methods often overlook the inherent spatiotemporal heterogeneity of ecosystems, failing to explicitly capture site-specific characteristics and cross-year evolutionary dynamics. To address these issues, we propose the Contrastive Hierarchical Adaptive Meta-network (CHAM-net), a novel framework that explicitly learns from historical context to capture site-specific dynamics. CHAM-net employs a hierarchical encoder–decoder architecture, in which the encoder captures site-specific characteristics from historical data and then dynamically conditions the decoder to generate the final prediction. Experimental results demonstrate that CHAM-net consistently outperforms all baseline methods on both simulation and observational datasets for methane emission and consumption, achieving nRMSE values as low as 0.43 and 0.88 with corresponding R^2 scores up to 0.97 and 0.68 for emission prediction.

IJCAI 2026

PROB-EMOE: A Probabilistic Ensemble Mixture-of-Experts Framework for Metro Network Expansion Forecasting

Fangyi Ding, Zhan Zhao, Zhi Li, Xudong Guo, Ning Zhang, Yamin Wang, Yihong Tang

Forecasting Origin-Destination (OD) demand for new metro lines is critical for sustainable infrastructure planning but faces spatiotemporal out-of-distribution challenges. Existing models often struggle to capture heterogeneous interaction patterns in changing topologies and overlook inherent uncertainty and over-dispersion issues. To bridge these gaps, we propose PROB-EMOE, a planning-oriented probabilistic framework tailored for network expansion. To ensure robust generalization, we design a Mixture-of-Experts (MoE) predictor that integrates diverse expert views to capture heterogeneous demand patterns across changing topologies. To quantify extrapolation uncertainty, our framework functions as a unified probabilistic system by synergizing Deep Ensembles with a probabilistic output, effectively quantifying both data and model uncertainty. Through a systematic investigation of likelihood families, we empirically demonstrate that the Negative Binomial distribution offers the optimal fit in this context. Extensive experiments on a multi-year Shenzhen metro dataset demonstrate that our approach achieves state-of-the-art predictive performance and provides the sharpest calibrated uncertainty intervals. The framework has been deployed in a metropolitan smart-data platform to support risk-aware investment decisions.

IJCAI 2026

Bridging the SEA Gap: An Initial Benchmark for Neural Audio Codec-Synthesized Speech Deepfakes in South-East Asian Languages

Orchid Chetia Phukan, Girish, Mohd Mujtaba Akhtar, Arun Balaji Buduru

Codecfakes (CFs) are a type of speech deepfakes generated through Audio Language Models (ALMs), with Neural Audio Codecs (NACs) forming the core mechanism for speech encoding and generation. CFs exhibit distributional characteristics that differ from vocoder-based deepfakes, causing detectors trained on vocoder data to generalize poorly to CFs detection. Although this has led to the development of CF detection benchmarks, existing resources are largely confined to English—and to a limited extent Chinese—leaving South-East Asian (SEA) languages unexplored. To bridge this gap, we introduce SEA-CF, the first large-scale benchmark for CF detection spanning multiple SEA languages, diverse speaker profiles, and a wide range of NAC architectures. SEA-CF is constructed by synthesizing publicly available real speech corpora. Our experiments show that state-of-the-art (SOTA) CF detectors trained on English-centric datasets fail to generalize to SEA speech due to language-specific phonetic structures, tonal variations, and rich prosodic diversity. We further conduct a comprehensive zero-shot and fine-tuned evaluation of recent SOTA ALMs on SEA-CF. Fine-tuning the ALMs improves performance, however, these are very large being impractical for real-world application due to their scale, particularly in low-resource and latency-constrained settings. To address this limitation, we propose a novel small-ALM, GARUDA tailored for CF detection, which delivers strong performance while remaining lightweight. Extensive evaluations demonstrate that the proposed Small-ALM outperforms strong end-to-end and ALM-based baselines, establishing a new, practical direction for robust CF detection in SEA languages and beyond.

IJCAI 2026

PoemDirector: A Multi-Agent Context-Adaptive Instructional Mode Selection Framework for Chinese Classical Poetry Video Generation

Tengteng Cheng, Xiaoli Zeng, Jialu Huang, Mingliang Hou, Zitao Liu, Xiangyu Zhao, Weiqi Luo

Classical poetry is central to aesthetic education and cultural inheritance in China's K-12 education, and web-based instructional videos have become a primary learning resource. However, existing production pipelines either require costly teacher-guided editing or generate videos automatically without systematic instructional design, leading to unclear logic, shallow explanations, and limited contextual adaptation. We propose PoemDirector, a multi-agent framework developed with a national K-12 educational platform partner that unifies context-adaptive instructional mode selection, hierarchical explanation, and end-to-end video generation. A Director Agent analyzes each poem, selects a pedagogically grounded instructional mode from a teacher-co-designed library, and coordinates specialized agents to produce a complete instructional video from a poem title alone. We further establish a multidimensional evaluation framework, refined by literary and education experts, to assess instructional quality and poetic presentation. Experiments show that PoemDirector substantially outperforms commercial baselines and approaches human-crafted video quality across multiple dimensions. The resources are publicly available at https://github.com/ai4ed/PoemDirector.

IJCAI 2026

PACE: A Personalized Adaptive Curriculum Engine for 9-1-1 Call-taker Training

Zirong Chen, Hongchao Zhang, Meiyi Ma

9-1-1 call-taking training requires mastery of over a thousand interdependent skills, covering diverse incident types and protocol-specific nuances. A nationwide labor shortage is already straining training capacity, but effective instruction still demands that trainers tailor objectives to each trainee's evolving competencies. This personalization burden is one that current practice cannot scale. Partnering with Metro Nashville Department of Emergency Communications (MNDEC), we propose PACE (Personalized Adaptive Curriculum Engine), a co-pilot system that augments trainer decision-making by (1) maintaining probabilistic beliefs over trainee skill states, (2) modeling individual learning and forgetting dynamics, and (3) recommending training scenarios that balance acquisition of new competencies with retention of existing ones. PACE propagates evidence over a structured skill graph to accelerate diagnostic coverage and applies contextual bandits to select scenarios that target gaps the trainee is prepared to address. Empirical results show that PACE achieves 19.50% faster time-to-competence and 10.95% higher terminal mastery compared to state-of-the-art frameworks. Co-pilot studies with practicing training officers further demonstrate a 95.45% alignment rate between PACE's and experts' pedagogical judgments on real-world cases. Under estimation, PACE cuts turnaround time to merely 34 seconds from 11.58 minutes, up to 95.08% reduction.

IJCAI 2026

Climate Surrogates for Scalable Multi-Agent Reinforcement Learning: A Case Study with CICERO-SCM

Oskar Bohn Lassen, Serio Agriesti, Filipe Rodrigues, Blaz Kurnik, Francisco Pereira

Climate policy analysis requires models that capture multi-gas climate effects, but such models are too slow to embed in reinforcement learning loops at scale. In collaboration with a pan-European public-sector environmental agency, we develop a multi-agent reinforcement learning (MARL) framework that integrates a higher-fidelity climate surrogate as the environment transition, enabling regional agents to learn policies under multi-gas dynamics. We train a recurrent surrogate on 20,000 multi-gas emission pathways to emulate CICERO-SCM. The surrogate achieves near-simulator accuracy (global-mean temperature RMSE ≈ 4 × 10⁻⁴ K) with ∼1000× faster one-step inference and yields >100× end-to-end MARL training speed-up. We show policy agreement with the simulator in tractable settings and propose a replay- and rank-consistency test (Kendall’s τ) for assessing policy fidelity when simulator-in-the-loop training is infeasible. This enables large-scale multi-agent policy experiments while retaining high-fidelity multi-gas climate response.

IJCAI 2026

Integrating Atmospheric Dispersion Modeling Priors into Cuboid Splatting for Spatiotemporal Reconstruction of Airborne Radioiodine After Nuclear Accidents

Mareike Böckel, Stephan Doerfel, Kathrin Meisenberg, Oliver Meisenberg, Max Friedrich, Mattis Hartwig

In nuclear power plant accidents, airborne radioiodine poses major health risks, making reliable reconstructions of its spatiotemporal distribution crucial for emergency management. Current state-of-the-art prognosis systems use atmospheric dispersion modeling but ignore posterior evidence from emergency care centers, comprising movement profiles and thyroid measurements of affected individuals. A first study showed that the AI method Cuboid Splatting can reconstruct iodine air concentrations from such data but it ignores simulations from established prognosis systems. Our multidisciplinary team extends Cuboid Splatting by incorporating these simulations as priors and subsequently correcting them using movement and thyroid data. Several ways to translate and correct priors are developed. The best-performing approaches are combined into a novel Cuboid Splatting-with-prior mechanism, which we evaluate using constructed prior scenarios representing different error types and intensities. Using Cuboid Splatting-with-prior yields more accurate reconstructions than (i) the used dispersion simulations alone and (ii) plain Cuboid Splatting without prior. Across reconstructions, the mean scenario error is 19.61%, improving on (i) by 28.02pp and on (ii) by 89.86pp, the latter with particularly large gains at high spatial resolution. These results demonstrate that combining simulation-based priors with measurement-based posterior inference can substantially improve the reconstruction of iodine air activity concentrations in nuclear emergencies.

IJCAI 2026

ICFD-31k: A Large-Scale Dataset and Benchmark for Real-Time Conversational Fraud Detection

Rishi Ahuja, Kumar Prateek, Simranjit Singh

The proliferation of sophisticated telephone scams poses a significant societal and economic threat, impacting diverse linguistic contexts in a country like India. Furthermore, the lack of large-scale, publicly available datasets remains a critical barrier impacting research on robust, real-time countermeasures. In view of this, the proposed work introduces ICFD-31k, the first Indian Conversational Fraud Dataset, representing a new benchmark containing over 31,000 realistic conversational transcripts. ICFD-31k comprises systematically generated content, covering 10 distinct fraud umbrellas spanning from financial impersonation to job scams. ICFD-31k transcripts feature rich annotations comprising a final verdict, chunk-level streaming labels, and detailed ``slow-thinking'' rationales. In addition, the human-in-the-loop evaluation validates the ICFD-31k's quality, achieving a Cohen's Kappa of 0.534 that confirms annotation reliability. Furthermore, the proposed work introduces two fine-tuned models based on RoBERTa: M1 for non-streaming data and M2 for streaming data. The comprehensive experiments with strong baselines (M1, M2) further demonstrate the ICFD-31k's utility. The code and reproducibility materials are available at https://github.com/SPELLAILab/ICFD-31k.

IJCAI 2026

Agents Trusting Agents? Restoring Lost Capabilities with Inclusive Healthcare

Alba Aguilera, Georgina Curto, Nardine Osman, Ahmed Al-Awah

Agent-based simulations have an untapped potential to inform social policies on urgent human development challenges in a non-invasive way, before these are implemented in real-world populations. This paper responds to the request from non-profit and governmental organizations to evaluate policies under discussion to improve equity in health care services for people experiencing homelessness (PEH) in the city of Barcelona. With this goal, we integrate the conceptual framework of the capability approach (CA), which is explicitly designed to promote and assess human well-being, to model and evaluate the behavior of agents who represent PEH and social workers. We define a reinforcement learning environment where agents aim to restore their central human capabilities, under existing environmental and legal constraints. We use Bayesian calibration of profile-dependent behavioral parameters of PEH agents, modeling the degree of trust and resulting engagement with social workers, which is reportedly a key element for the success of the policies in scope. Our results open a path to mitigate health inequity by building relationships of trust between social service workers and PEH.

IJCAI 2026

BFHD: Bidirectional Feature Harmonization Decomposition for Heterogeneous Clinical Assessments

Yuanhao Zhuo, Zixi Qin, Ling Qin, Wanqing Li

Clinical assessments are often collected using heterogeneous assessment systems across centers and time, leading to records that mix different but related sets of measurements. This motivates harmonization beyond total-score linking. We formulate clinical harmonization at the measurement level as a bidirectional recoverability problem: given paired observations from two assessment systems, the goal is to identify which measurements can be reliably translated in both directions within an application-defined tolerance, while separating non-translatable components. We propose Bidirectional Feature Harmonization Decomposition (BFHD), a feasibility-driven framework that enforces bidirectionally coupled translation and uses feature-wise output gating to produce an explicit decomposition in the original measurement space. Experiments on synthetic data and real clinical assessment pairs show that BFHD achieves broader feasible harmonization coverage and improved subset stability compared to baselines.

IJCAI 2026

SBSDM: A Style-aware Bidirectional Stream Diffusion Model for CT-to-PET Synthesis

Jiahao Zheng, Yu Tang, Caiwen Jiang, Zhanjie Zhang, Yongcan Luo, Dapeng Wu

CT-to-PET synthesis aims to synthesize PET images from the widely available and lower-cost CT scans to address the high cost and additional radiation exposure associated with PET scanning. However, CT-to-PET synthesis faces two key challenges due to the sequential correlation of volumetric imaging: preserving smooth transition between adjacent slices and ensuring style consistency across long-range slices. To overcome these limitations, we propose the Style-aware Bidirectional Stream Diffusion Model, which ensures both inter-slice continuity and global style consistency with low computational cost. Specifically, we first utilize a Vector Quantized Variational Autoencoder to encode bidirectional adjacent CT slices into latent codes. A Neighbor Attention module is then introduced to capture transition patterns among these latent codes, ensuring structural continuity. To enhance style consistency, we further design a Prototype Prompting mechanism to construct a feature pool from long-range slices. Global style prototypes are extracted from the feature pool and dynamically integrated into the generation process, guiding the model’s attention toward consistent stylistic features across slices. Extensive experiments demonstrate that our approach significantly outperforms state-of-the-art methods.

IJCAI 2026

PhysioGMC: Generalizable Multi-modal Coordination for Physiological Signals

Mudi Zhang, Anirudh Nakra, Min Wu

Physiological signals are widely used for health assessment in clinical and daily-life settings. Established physiological signals collected for inpatient and clinical use are often impractical for patients' daily home use due to their complexity and resource demands. In contrast, wearable signals enable continuous monitoring in everyday life, but many have limited reliability and are not widely understood or accepted in clinical practices. To leverage complementary strengths of clinical and wearable physiological signals, we propose PhysioGMC, a Generalizable Multi-modal Coordination framework for Physiological signals that explicitly accounts for their strong inter-subject variability. PhysioGMC incorporates both clinical and wearable modalities into the training process to improve cross-subject performance when only a single wearable modality is available at deployment. The framework introduces a cross-modal contrastive learning module comprising two contrastive losses to jointly learn label-relevant, subject-agnostic representations across modalities. The self-supervised contrastive loss aligns latent features across modalities, while the supervised contrastive loss encourages learning label-discriminative features that are invariant to subject identity. Experiments on cardiovascular health monitoring and sleep staging tasks demonstrate that PhysioGMC consistently outperforms existing methods, achieving superior cross-subject performance at test time using only wearable modalities, such as photoplethysmography (PPG).

IJCAI 2026

D²G-TO: Task-aware and OOD-guided Discrete Graph Diffusion for Robust CNS Drug Discovery

Xue Zhai, Chu-An Yang, minghao liu, Xu Dong, Han Wang, Weiwei Han, Ting Gao, LiHong Hu

Central nervous system (CNS) drug discovery is constrained by an immense and sparse chemical search space. Meanwhile, molecules that simultaneously achieve brain penetration, target efficacy, and synthesizability are extremely scarce. However, existing generative models rarely couple rigorous multi-objective control with robustness to distribution shift, limiting their reliability in realistic CNS design. We introduce D²G-TO, a task-aware and out of-distribution (OOD)-guided discrete graph diffusion framework that unifies multi-pharmacological properties with structural distribution guidance. A novel Structural Similarity Guidance mechanism steers generation toward in-distribution regions while repelling OOD modes, maintaining structural distributional consistency in realistic scenarios. Across BBBP, BACE, and QM9 benchmarks, D²G-TO achieves strong validity, diversity, and other metrics. In an Alzheimer's disease case study, we subject the generated molecules to cross-property pharmacological prediction and systematic ADMET profiling, followed by structure based molecular docking against BACE-1 to assess binding-mode plausibility. D²G-TO identifies candidates that jointly satisfy blood–brain barrier permeability, β-site amyloid precursor protein cleaving enzyme 1 inhibition, and synthetic accessibility. Thus, D²G-TO has the potential to serve as an efficient in silico engine for early-stage CNS drug design. The code is available at https://github.com/zhaix922/DDG_TO.

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