CVPR 2026 Papers

We present PosterIQ, a design-driven benchmark for poster understanding and generation, annotated across composition structure, typographic hierarchy, and semantic intent. It includes 7,765 image-annotation instances and 822 generation prompts spanning real, professional, and synthetic cases. To bridge visual design cognition and generative modeling, we define tasks for layout parsing, text-image correspondence, typography/readability and font perception, design quality assessment, and controllable, composition-aware generation with metaphor. We evaluate state-of-the-art MLLMs and diffusion-based generators, finding persistent gaps in visual hierarchy, typographic semantics, saliency control, and intention communication; commercial models lead on high-level reasoning but act as insensitive automatic raters, while generators render text well yet struggle with composition-aware synthesis. Extensive analyses show PosterIQ is both a quantitative benchmark and a diagnostic tool for design reasoning, offering reproducible, task-specific metrics. We aim to catalyze models' creativity and integrate human-centred design principles into generative vision-language systems.

Rare diseases often manifest with distinctive facial phenotypes in children, offering valuable diagnostic cues for clinicians and AI-assisted screening systems. However, progress in this field is severely limited by the scarcity of curated, ethically sourced facial data and the high similarity among phenotypes across different conditions. To address these challenges, we introduce RDFace, a curated benchmark dataset comprising 456 pediatric facial images spanning 103 rare genetic conditions (average 4.4 samples per condition). Each ethically verified image is paired with standardized metadata. RDFace enables the development and evaluation of data-efficient AI models for rare disease diagnosis under real-world low-data constraints. We benchmark multiple pretrained vision backbones using cross-validation and explore synthetic augmentation with DreamBooth and FastGAN. Generated images are filtered via facial landmark similarity to maintain phenotype fidelity and merged with real data, improving diagnostic accuracy by up to 13.7% in ultra-low-data regimes. To assess semantic validity, phenotype descriptions generated by a vision-language model from real and synthetic images achieve a report similarity score of 0.84. RDFace establishes a transparent, benchmark-ready dataset for equitable rare disease AI research and presents a scalable framework for evaluating both diagnostic performance and the integrity of synthetic medical imagery.

As imaging scenarios diversify rapidly, Image Quality Assessment (IQA) faces a key challenge: how to effectively transfer perceptual knowledge from existing annotated datasets to ensure reliable quality prediction in new scenarios. However, current IQA models struggle to generalize: direct transfer often leads to severe performance degradation, while multi-dataset joint training rarely yields stable gains and can even harm target performance. In this work, we identify perceptual preference structure mismatch as an important and underexplored factor behind transfer failure in IQA. Models trained on different source datasets may rely on different perceptual cues, leading to discrepancies in the conditional distribution P(Y|X) that hinder effective transfer. To address this, we propose Perceptual Preference Representation (PPR), which characterizes dataset-specific perceptual preference structures by analyzing correlations between visual features and quality scores. Based on PPR, we define Perceptual Preference Consistency (PPC), a training-free and interpretable measure of relative preference compatibility across datasets. Building on this, we develop Preference-Structure-Aligned Transfer (PreSTA), which selects source samples better aligned with the target domain in terms of perceptual preference structure. Extensive experiments show that PreSTA achieves superior performance across cross-domain, within-domain, and targeted joint transfer settings while using only a small fraction of source data. These results highlight that aligning perceptual preference structures, rather than simply increasing dataset size, is crucial for effective and data-efficient knowledge transfer in IQA. Code will be publicly available at https://github.com/Li-aobo/PreSTA.

We present a novel method for generating geometrically realistic and consistent orbital videos from a single image of an object. Existing video generation works mostly rely on pixel-wise attention to enforce view consistency across frames. However, such mechanism does not impose sufficient constraints for long-range extrapolation, e.g. rear-view synthesis, in which pixel correspondences to the input image are limited. Consequently, these works often fail to produce results with a plausible and coherent structure. To tackle this issue, we propose to leverage rich shape priors from a 3D foundational generative model as an auxiliary constraint, motivated by its capability of modeling realistic object shape distributions learned from large 3D asset corpora. Specifically, we prompt the video generation with two scales of latent features encoded by the 3D foundation model: (i) a denoised global latent vector as an overall structural guidance, and (ii) a set of latent images projected from volumetric features to provide view-dependent and fine-grained geometry details. In contrast to commonly used 2.5D representations such as depth or normal maps, these compact features can model complete object shapes, and help to improve inference efficiency by avoiding explicit mesh extraction. To achieve effective shape conditioning, we introduce a multi-scale 3D adapter to inject feature tokens to the base video model via cross-attention, which retains its capabilities from general video pretraining and enables a simple and model-agonistic fine-tuning process. Extensive experiments on multiple benchmarks show that our method achieves superior visual quality, shape realism and multi-view consistency compared to state-of-the-art methods, and robustly generalizes to complex camera trajectories and in-the-wild images.

Generative models are prone to hallucinations: plausible but incorrect structures absent in the ground truth. This issue is problematic in image restoration for safety-critical domains such as medical imaging, industrial inspection, and remote sensing, where such errors undermine reliability and trust. For example, in low-field MRI, widely used in resource-limited settings, restoration models are essential for enhancing low-quality scans, yet hallucinations can lead to serious diagnostic errors.Progress has been hindered by a circular dependency: evaluating hallucinations requires labeled data, yet such labels are costly and subjective.We introduce HalluGen, a diffusion-based framework that synthesizes realistic hallucinations with controllable type, location, and severity, producing perceptually realistic but semantically incorrect outputs (segmentation IoU drops from 0.86 to 0.36).Using HalluGen, we construct the first large-scale hallucination dataset comprising 4,350 annotated images derived from 1,450 brain MR images for low-field enhancement, enabling systematic evaluation of hallucination detection and mitigation.We demonstrate its utility in two applications: (1) benchmarking image quality metrics and developing Semantic Hallucination Assessment via Feature Evaluation (SHAFE), a feature-based metric with soft-attention pooling that improves hallucination sensitivity over traditional metrics; and (2) training reference-free hallucination detectors that generalize to real restoration failures.Together, HalluGen and its open dataset establish the first scalable foundation for evaluating hallucinations in safety-critical image restoration.

Recent progress in text-to-image generation has greatly advanced visual fidelity and creativity, but it has also imposed higher demands on prompt complexity--particularly in encoding intricate spatial relationships. In such cases, achieving satisfactory results often requires multiple sampling attempts.To address this challenge, we introduce a novel method that strengthens the spatial understanding of current image generation models. We first construct the SpatialReward-Dataset with over 80k preference pairs. Building on this dataset, we build SpatialScore, a reward model designed to evaluate the accuracy of spatial relationships in text-to-image generation, achieving performance that even surpasses leading proprietary models on spatial evaluation.We further demonstrate that this reward model effectively enables online reinforcement learning for the complex spatial generation. Extensive experiments across multiple benchmarks show that our specialized reward model yields significant and consistent gains in spatial understanding for image generation. All models and datasets will be released.

Multi-modal Retrieval-Augmented Generation (MMRAG) has emerged as a powerful paradigm for enhancing Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) in knowledge-intensive question answering by integrating external visual, textual, and structural knowledge. However, existing MMRAG frameworks suffer from critical limitations, including noisy and irrelevant retrieval, cross-modal semantic misalignment, lack of adaptive reasoning, and incoherent generation across local and global contexts. We introduce CogniVerse, a novel MMRAG framework that addresses these challenges through a cognitive-inspired, mathematically rigorous approach. Drawing from human-like reasoning, CogniVerse integrates three synergistic components: (1) a Cognitive Reflection Module (CRM) that dynamically assesses retrieval necessity and filters relevant multi-modal content, reducing noise and computational overhead; (2) a Multi-modal Retrieval Module that aligns embeddings in a Riemannian manifold using information geometry and refines knowledge graphs via spectral graph theory, ensuring precise and coherent retrieval; and (3) a Hierarchical Generation Module that employs an optimal transport-based loss to balance token-level accuracy and global semantic coherence. Grounded in advanced theoretical frameworks, including convergence guarantees for geometric alignment and spectral optimization, CogniVerse achieves robust cross-modal integration and adaptive knowledge utilization. Extensive experiments demonstrate that CogniVerse significantly outperforms state-of-the-art systems in both accuracy and coherence, while reducing retrieval latency.

We present TempoMaster, a novel framework that formulates long video generation as next-frame-rate prediction. Specifically, we first generate a low-frame-rate clip that serves as a coarse blueprint of the entire video sequence, and then progressively increase the frame rate to refine visual details and motion continuity. During generation, TempoMaster employs bidirectional attention within each frame-rate level while performing autoregression across frame rates, thus achieving long-range temporal coherence while enabling efficient and parallel synthesis. Extensive experiments demonstrate that TempoMaster establishes a new state-of-the-art in long video generation, excelling in both visual and temporal quality.

Previous representation and generation approaches for the B-rep relied on graph-based representations that disentangle geometric and topological features through decoupled computational pipelines, thereby precluding the application of sequence-based generative frameworks, such as transformer architectures that have demonstrated remarkable performance. In this paper, we propose BrepARG, the first attempt to encode B-rep's geometry and topology into a holistic token sequence representation, enabling sequence-based B-rep generation with an autoregressive architecture. Specifically, BrepARG encodes B-rep into 3 types of tokens: geometry and position tokens representing geometric features, and face index tokens representing topology. Then the holistic token sequence is constructed hierarchically, starting with constructing the geometry blocks (i.e., faces and edges) using the above tokens, followed by geometry block sequencing. Finally, we assemble the holistic sequence representation for the entire B-rep. We also construct a transformer-based autoregressive model that learns the distribution over holistic token sequences via next-token prediction, using a multi-layer decoder-only architecture with causal masking. Experiments demonstrate that BrepARG achieves state-of-the-art (SOTA) performance. BrepARG validates the feasibility of representing B-rep as holistic token sequences, opening new directions for B-rep generation.

We tackle the problem of generating a complete vector map representation from aerial imagery in a single run: producing polygons for all land-cover classes with shared boundaries and without gaps or overlaps. Existing polygonization methods are typically class-specific; extending them to multiple classes via per-class runs commonly leads to topological inconsistencies, such as duplicated edges, gaps, and overlaps. We formalize this new task as All-Class Polygonal Vectorization (ACPV) and release the first public benchmark, Deventer-512, with standardized metrics jointly evaluating semantic fidelity, geometric accuracy, vertex efficiency, per-class topological fidelity and global topological consistency. To realize ACPV, we propose ACPV-Net, a unified framework introducing a novel Semantically Supervised Conditioning (SSC) mechanism coupling semantic perception with geometric primitive generation, along with a topological reconstruction that enforces shared-edge consistency by design. While enforcing such strict topological constraints, ACPV-Net surpasses all class-specific baselines in polygon quality across classes on Deventer-512. It also applies to single-class polygonal vectorization without any architectural modification, achieving the best-reported results on WHU-Building. Data, code, and models will be released at: https://github.com/HeinzJiao/ACPV-Net.

Existing autoregressive (AR) methods for generating artist-designed meshes struggle to balance global structural consistency with high-fidelity local details, and are susceptible to error accumulation. To address this, we propose PartDiffuser, a novel semi-autoregressive diffusion framework for point-cloud-to-mesh generation. The method first performs semantic segmentation on the mesh and then operates in a "part-wise" manner: it employs autoregression between parts to ensure global topology, while utilizing a parallel discrete diffusion process within each semantic part to precisely reconstruct high-frequency geometric features. PartDiffuser is based on the DiT architecture and introduces a part-aware cross-attention mechanism, using point clouds as hierarchical geometric conditioning to dynamically control the generation process, thereby effectively decoupling the global and local generation tasks. Experiments demonstrate that this method significantly outperforms state-of-the-art (SOTA) models in generating 3D meshes with rich detail, exhibiting exceptional detail representation suitable for real-world applications.

This paper introduces Nestwork, a unified latent-diffusion framework for conditional 3D furnished house layout generation using a heterogeneous graph of rooms and furniture. Designing reasonable and controllable 3D layouts that reflect the underlying semantic structure of a house is a key challenge in AI-assisted architectural design. Existing graph-based methods either produce unfurnished multi-room layouts or generate furnished scenes one room at a time, preventing joint reasoning over room structure and furniture placement. Nestwork represents an entire house as a heterogeneous graph with typed room and furniture nodes and multiple spatial relations. A single unconditional autoencoder based on a heterogeneous graph attention network embeds this graph into a compact latent space, and a low-rank relational field compensates for missing geometric edge information at test time. A diffusion denoiser is trained once using random masking, enabling the same model to operate under different conditioning strengths, from topology-only to fully annotated graphs. Multi-level conditioning combines masked node-level attention with graph-level embeddings to support flexible user control, including layouts specified through natural-language descriptions. Experiments on the 3D-FRONT dataset show that Nestwork achieves high fidelity, structural consistency, and diversity. Controlled ablations further validate the contributions of each component.

Nuclei instance segmentation and classification are fundamental but remain challenging in pathology due to severe class imbalance and organ- and stain-induced variability. While vision-language approaches can inject explicit semantic cues that reduce spurious contextual bias under imbalance, the absence of instance level textual annotations has limited their utility for nucleus-level analysis. We introduce an instance-level vision-language framework that derives attribute-guided textual descriptions from ground-truth masks. We then align visual representations with these semantic text anchors via contrastive learning, coupling morphology with semantics at the instance level. To capture intra-class variations while maintaining organ-consistent class semantics, we learn multiple class-specific tokens that act as prototypes representing diverse submodes within a class, summarizing morphologically similar nuclei. Our approach improves both segmentation and classification without manual text labels, indicating that language-guided instance alignment combined with prototype-based semantic feedback yields more discriminative and generalizable nuclei representations.

Generating realistic human-human interactions is a challenging task that requires not only high-quality individual body and hand motions, but also coherent coordination among all interactants. Due to limitations in available data and increased learning complexity, previous methods tend to ignore hand motions, limiting the realism and expressivity of the interactions. Additionally, current diffusion-based approaches generate entire motion sequences simultaneously, limiting their ability to capture the reactive and adaptive nature of human interactions. To address these limitations, we introduce Interact2Ar, the first end-to-end text-conditioned autoregressive diffusion model for generating full-body, human-human interactions. Interact2Ar incorporates detailed hand kinematics through dedicated parallel branches, enabling high-fidelity full-body generation. Furthermore, we introduce an autoregressive pipeline coupled with a novel memory technique that facilitates adaptation to the inherent variability of human interactions using efficient large context windows. The adaptability of our model enables a series of downstream applications, including temporal motion composition, real-time adaptation to disturbances, and extension beyond dyadic to multi-person scenarios. To validate the generated motions, we introduce a set of robust evaluators and extended metrics designed specifically for assessing full-body interactions. Through quantitative and qualitative experiments, we demonstrate the state-of-the-art performance of Interact2Ar.

End-to-end text-image machine translation (TIMT), which directly translates textual content in images across languages, is crucial for real-world multilingual scene understanding. Despite advances in vision-language large models (VLLMs), robustness across diverse visual scenes and low-resource languages remains underexplored due to limited evaluation resources. We present MMTIT-Bench, a human-verified multilingual and multi-scenario benchmark with 1,400 images spanning fourteen non-English and non-Chinese languages and diverse settings such as documents, scenes, and web images, enabling rigorous assessment of end-to-end TIMT. Beyond benchmarking, we study how reasoning-oriented data design improves translation. Although recent VLLMs have begun to incorporate long Chain-of-Thought (CoT) reasoning, effective thinking paradigms for TIMT are still immature: existing designs either cascade parsing and translation in a sequential manner or focus on language-only reasoning, overlooking the visual cognition central to VLLMs. We propose Cognition-Perception-Reasoning for Translation (CPR-Trans), a data paradigm that integrates scene cognition, text perception, and translation reasoning within a unified reasoning process. Using a VLLM-driven data generation pipeline, CPR-Trans provides structured, interpretable supervision that aligns perception with reasoning. Experiments on 3B and 7B models show consistent gains in accuracy and interpretability. We will release MMTIT-Bench to promote the multilingual and multi-scenario TIMT research upon acceptance.

Generative models and vision encoders have largely advanced on separate tracks, optimized for different goals and grounded in different mathematical principles. Yet, they share a fundamental property: latent space Gaussianity. Generative models map Gaussian noise to images, while encoders map images to semantic embeddings whose coordinates empirically behave as Gaussian. We hypothesize that both are views of a shared latent source, the Universal Normal Embedding (UNE): an approximately Gaussian latent space from which encoder embeddings and DDIM-inverted noise arise as noisy linear projections. To test our hypothesis, we introduce NoiseZoo, a dataset of per-image latents comprising DDIM-inverted diffusion noise and matching encoder representations (CLIP, DINO). On CelebA, linear probes in both spaces yield strong, aligned attribute predictions, indicating that generative noise encodes meaningful semantics along linear directions. These directions further enable faithful, controllable edits (e.g., smile, gender, age) without architectural changes, where simple orthogonalization mitigates spurious entanglements. Taken together, our results provide empirical support for the UNE hypothesis and reveal a shared Gaussian-like latent geometry that concretely links encoding and generation.

Understanding and predicting motion is a fundamental component of visual intelligence. Although modern video models exhibit strong comprehension of scene dynamics, exploring multiple possible futures through full video synthesis remains prohibitively inefficient. We model scene dynamics orders of magnitude more efficiently by directly operating on a long-term motion embedding that is learned from large-scale trajectories obtained from tracker models.This enables efficient generation of long, realistic motions that fulfill goals specified via text prompts or spatial pokes. To achieve this, we first learn a highly compressed motion embedding with a temporal compression factor of 64x. In this space, we train a conditional flow-matching model to generate motion latents conditioned on task descriptions. The resulting motion distributions outperform those of both state-of-the-art video models and specialized task-specific approaches.

We introduce COT-FM, a general framework that reshapes the probability path in Flow Matching (FM) to achieve faster and more reliable generation. FM models often produce curved trajectories due to random or batch-wise couplings, which increase discretization error and reduce sample quality. COT-FM fixes this by clustering target samples and assigning each cluster a dedicated source distribution obtained by reversing pretrained FM models. This divide-and-conquer strategy yields more accurate local transport and significantly straighter vector fields, all without changing the model architecture. As a plug-and-play approach, COT-FM consistently accelerates sampling and improves generation quality across 2D datasets, image benchmarks, and robotic manipulation tasks.

Text-to-Image (T2I) generation has long been an open problem, with compositional synthesis remaining particularly challenging. This task requires accurate rendering of complex scenes containing multiple objects that exhibit diverse attributes as well as intricate spatial and semantic relationships, demanding both precise object placement and coherent inter-object interactions. In this paper, we propose a novel compositional curriculum reinforcement learning framework named CompGen that addresses compositional weakness in existing T2I models. Specifically, we leverage scene graphs to establish a novel difficulty criterion for compositional ability and develop a corresponding adaptive Markov Chain Monte Carlo graph sampling algorithm. This difficulty-aware approach enables the synthesis of training curriculum data that progressively optimize T2I models through reinforcement learning. We integrate our curriculum learning approach into Group Relative Policy Optimization (GRPO) and investigate different curriculum scheduling strategies. Our experiments reveal that CompGen exhibits distinct scaling curves under different curriculum scheduling strategies, with easy-to-hard and Gaussian sampling strategies yielding superior scaling performance compared to random sampling. Extensive experiments demonstrate that CompGen significantly enhances compositional generation capabilities for both diffusion-based and auto-regressive T2I models, highlighting its effectiveness in improving the compositional T2I generation systems.